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DDD Network: Direct Distance Dialing (DDD) or Direct Dial Is A Telecommunications Term

The document summarizes key telecommunications terms: Direct Distance Dialing (DDD) allows callers to directly dial numbers outside their local calling area without operator assistance. DDD requires more digits than local calls. Private Line Service provides dedicated circuits and predefined transmission paths between specific locations using wired telephony. A telephone circuit refers to the physical connection between a user's phone and the telecommunications network, reserving a single phone number for that user. Modern lines may transmit analog or digital signals underground or via twisted pair cables.

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Arpit Goyal
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2K views

DDD Network: Direct Distance Dialing (DDD) or Direct Dial Is A Telecommunications Term

The document summarizes key telecommunications terms: Direct Distance Dialing (DDD) allows callers to directly dial numbers outside their local calling area without operator assistance. DDD requires more digits than local calls. Private Line Service provides dedicated circuits and predefined transmission paths between specific locations using wired telephony. A telephone circuit refers to the physical connection between a user's phone and the telecommunications network, reserving a single phone number for that user. Modern lines may transmit analog or digital signals underground or via twisted pair cables.

Uploaded by

Arpit Goyal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DDD Network

Direct Distance Dialing (DDD) or direct dial is a telecommunications term


for a network-provided service feature in which a call originator may,
without operator assistance, call any other user outside the local calling area.
DDD requires more digits in the number dialed than are required for calling
within the local area or area code. DDD also extends beyond the boundaries of
national public telephone network, in which case it is called or International
Direct Distance Dialing (IDDD).

Private Line Service


In wired telephony, a private line or tie line is a service that involves
dedicated circuits, private switching arrangements, and/or
predefined transmission paths, whether virtual or physical, which
provide communications between specific locations.

Telephone Circuit
A telephone circuit is a single-user circuit on a telephone communication
system. Typically this refers to the physical wire or other signaling medium
connecting the user's telephone apparatus to the
telecommunications network, and usually also implies a single telephone
number for billing purposes reserved for that user.

These wires were typically copper, although aluminum has also been used,


and were carried in balanced pairs separated by about 25 cm (10")
on poles above the ground, and later as twisted pair cables. Modern lines may
run underground, and may carry analog or digital signals to the exchange, or
may have a device that converts the analog signal to digital
for transmission on a carrier system. A RJ-14 jack is used to connect the
device to the telephone line.
Data Modems
A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates an analog
carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a
carrier signal to decode the transmitted information. The goal is to produce a
signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original
digital data. Modems can be used over any means of transmitting analog
signals, from driven diodes to radio.
The most familiar example is a voice-band modem that turns the digital data
of a personal computer into modulated electrical signals in the voice-
frequency range of a telephone channel. These signals can be transmitted over
telephone lines and demodulated by another modem at the receiver side to
recover the digital data.

Synchronous Modems
Synchronous - Synchronous modems can be faster than asynchronous. They
depend on timing to communicate. Data is transmitted in frames with
synchronization bits which are used to be sure the timing of the transmission
and reception of data is accurate. Synchronous modems are normally used on
dedicated leased lines. Synchronous modems are one of binary synchronous
communications protocol (bisync), high level data link control (HDLC), or
synchronous data link control (SLDC).
Asynchronous Modems
The common modem used today. Each byte is placed between a stop and a
start bit. Each modem must operate with the same start and stop bit sequence,
operate at the same baud rate and have the same parity settings for the data
checking in order to communicate correctly. Define parity checking.

Modem Synchronization
Synchronization is the way the device is timed to be in step with the clock.
There are two different possible way to set up synchronization for a
synchronous transmission. First way is set up a separate clock line between
transmitters and receiver but this only works for short range transmission
since in long range transmissions the clock pulses can receive timing errors.
The better choice for long distance is to embed the clocking information in the
data signal. You can do this with Manchester or differential Manchester
encoding for digital signals. 

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