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The document lists various mathematical identities and properties: 1. It presents identities for expanding and factorizing expressions involving sums and differences of variables raised to various powers. 2. It also lists properties of numbers and expressions involving factors like divisibility, remainders when divided, and conditions under which expressions are always even or divisible by certain numbers. 3. Additionally, it provides some geometric identities regarding shapes, their angles, areas, and properties related to bisecting lines.

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Rajsekhar Tolety
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
119 views

Formula

The document lists various mathematical identities and properties: 1. It presents identities for expanding and factorizing expressions involving sums and differences of variables raised to various powers. 2. It also lists properties of numbers and expressions involving factors like divisibility, remainders when divided, and conditions under which expressions are always even or divisible by certain numbers. 3. Additionally, it provides some geometric identities regarding shapes, their angles, areas, and properties related to bisecting lines.

Uploaded by

Rajsekhar Tolety
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

(a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2
2. (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
3. (a ± b)2 = a2 + b2± 2ab
4. (a + b + c + d)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + 2(ab + ac + ad + bc + bd + cd)
5. (a ± b)3 = a3 ± b3 ± 3ab(a ± b)
6. (a ± b)(a2 + b2 m ab) = a3 ± b3
7. (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 -ab – bc – ca) = a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc =
8. 1/2 (a + b + c)[(a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (c - a)2]
9. when a + b + c = 0, a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
10. (x + a)(x + b) (x + c) = x3 + (a + b + c) x2 + (ab + bc + ac)x + abc
11. (x – a)(x – b) (x – c) = x3 – (a + b + c) x2 + (ab + bc + ac)x – abc
12. a4 + a2b2 + b4 = (a2 + ab + b2)( a2 – ab + b2)
13. a4 + b4 = (a2 – √2ab + b2)( a2 + √2ab + b2)
14. an + bn = (a + b) (a n-1 – a n-2 b +  a n-3 b2 – a n-4 b3 +…….. + b n-1)(valid only if n is odd)
15. an – bn = (a – b) (a n-1 + a n-2 b +  a n-3 b2 + a n-4 b3 +……… + b n-1){were n ϵ N)
16. (a ± b)2n is always positive while -(a ± b)2n is always negative, for any real values of a
and b
17. (a – b)2n = (b – a)2” and (a – b)2n+1 = – (b – a)2n+1
18. if α and β are the roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, roots of cx” + bx + a = 0 are 1/α
and 1/β.
if α and β are the roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, roots of ax2 – bx + c = 0 are -α
and -β.

 n(n + l)(2n + 1) is always divisible by 6.


 32n leaves remainder = 1 when divided by 8
 n3 + (n + 1 )3 + (n + 2 )3 is always divisible by 9
 102n + 1 + 1 is always divisible by 11
 n(n2- 1) is always divisible by 6
 n2+ n is always even
 23n-1 is always divisible by 7
 152n-1 +l is always divisible by 16
 n3 + 2n is always divisible by 3
 34n – 4 3n is always divisible by 17
 n! + 1 is not divisible by any number between 2 and n(where n! = n (n – l)(n – 2)(n –
3)…….3.2.1)
 for eg 5! = 5.4.3.2.1 = 120 and similarly 10! = 10.9.8…….2.1= 3628800

1. Product of n consecutive numbers is always divisible by n!.


2. If n is a positive integer and p is a prime, then np – n is divisible by p.
3. |x| = x if x ≥ 0 and |x| = – x if x ≤ 0.
4. Minimum value of a2.sec2Ɵ + b2.cosec2Ɵ is (a + b)2; (0° < Ɵ < 90°)for eg. minimum
value of 49 sec2Ɵ + 64.cosec2Ɵ is (7 +2 = 225.
5. among all shapes with the same perimeter a circle has the largest area.
6. if one diagonal of a quadrilateral bisects the other, then it also bisects the
quadrilateral.
7. sum of all the angles of a convex quadrilateral = (n – 2)180°
8. number of diagonals in a convex quadrilateral = 0.5n(n – 3)
9. let P, Q are the midpoints of the nonparallel sides BC and AD of a trapezium
ABCD.Then,
ΔAPD = ΔCQB.

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