Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico

Group - J

Name Roll No:

Neeraj Khandelwal 65
Girish Mukkawar 88
Narendra Negi 98
Jayesh Patel 108
Shailesh Patel 109
Vinodkumar Poojari 116
 Petroleum Oil Spill

 An oil spill is a release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into

the environment due to human activity, and is a form of pollution.

 The term oil spill often refers to marine oil spills, where oil is
released into the ocean or coastal waters.

 Oil spills include releases of crude oil from

- Oil Tankers
- Offshore platforms/pipelines
- Drilling rigs and wells
 Gulf of Mexico

It is the 11th largest body of water in the world.

It is an ocean basin largely surrounded by the US states of

Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas.
 The disaster – Oil Spill in Gulf of Mexico

Oil rig : Deepwater Horizon

Location : Gulf of Mexico near Mississippi River Delta
Operated by : Transocean Ltd
Leased by : BP PLC, CEO Tony Hayward
Cause : Oil Well head blowout on 20-Apr-10

Deepwater Horizon images before and after the explosion:

 The disaster – Oil Spill in Gulf of Mexico
 On 20-Apr-10, 23:00 EST the Deepwater Horizon oil rig of British
Petroleum (BP), located in the Mississippi Canyon about 52 miles off the
Louisiana coast, suffered a catastrophic explosion, 11 crew members were
killed of the total 126 workers aboard the rig at the time of the blast.

 On 29-Apr-10 the U.S. government revealed that approximately 5,000

barrels of oil per day (210,000 gallons) was being leaked into the ocean.

 On 01-May-10, the oil spill cleanup efforts are underway.

 On 27-May-10, USGS had revised the estimate of the leak from 5,000
barrels a day to 12,000-19,000 barrels a day.

 On 20-June-10, the leak was almost 100,000 barrels a day

 As of 30-June-10, Deepwater Horizon has spilled 73 million to

126 million gallons of oil into sea.

 On 15-July-10, BP said the leak had been stopped by capping the

gushing oil wellhead.
 Images of disaster

Picture of the oil gushing from the riser pipe on the sea floor, almost
5000 feet down below the Gulf of Mexico.
 Impact of Oil Spill
• Impact on Marine Communities

• Impact on Environment

• Economic & Financial Impact

• Political Impact
 Impact on Marine Communities
• The more pronounced damage will be due to coastal zones being
home to more concentrated and diverse populations of marine,
bird and animal life than far out to sea.

• It lurks beneath the surface of beaches and the sea bed, severely
affecting marine organisms that burrow, such as crabs, for literally
decades.

• Oil spills can effect the eggs of marine life such as fish and sea
turtles. Thus decreasing reproduction.
 Impact on Environment
• Oil on the water surface can catch fire and pollute the air.

• Oil can react with oxygen in the air to form acids that are
carried by wind and eventually fall back to the ground as acid
rain.

• Oil washes up on beaches and marshes resulting in life

threatening habitats for wildlife species.
 Economic & Financial Impact
• As the oil slick spreads throughout the Gulf, fishing grounds are
undergoing partial closures as wildlife and fisheries officials test for
contamination.

• Public opinion and panic has impacted on the fishing industry and it
has experienced a significant loss of income.

• BP spill had entered the Gulf's Loop Current, which could carry it not
only toward Florida's west coast but down to the Florida Keys, and
perhaps on to Miami's beaches. Thus threatening Florida's $60 billion
tourism business.

• BP shareholders have been significantly affected financially, as

company has suspended dividend payments.
 Political Impact
• Public expectations about the President's image-
based actions conflicted with the practicalities of understanding and
responding to an unprecedented and intellectually incomprehensible
disaster

•This spill has badly affected President Obama's decision to open up

new regions to offshore drilling.

• Lawmakers called for an enquiry into safety regulations.

Response to reduce damages caused due to spill

•Environmental Measures
• Sea water clean up
• Shoreline Defence
• Birds & wild life

• Set up Spill response fund

• Drilling Policy & stricter laws
 Measures to Stop oil flow

May 7 & 8 The Cofferdam Containment Dome

May 14 The Riser Insertion Tube
May 26 The “Top Kill” Heavy Mud Injection
June 3 (LMRP) Cap Containment System.
June 16 Connecting with hoses the BOP to the Q4000
July 15 New cap installed stopping crude from flowing
into the Gulf of Mexico.
Relief well for permanent closure.
 Environmental Measures

Sea clean up
• Controlled burning – Burn 3,14,000 barrels till date in controlled
condition
• Installing containment booms to collect oil water
• Removal
• Offshore – 2,15,000 barrels of oil water recovered
• Oil water separation machines
•Dispersants act as detergents, clustering around oil
 Measures to Stop oil flow
US Navy sailors prepare to deploy an oil containment boom.
The Naval Sea Systems Command has sent 66,000 feet of
inflatable oil boom, skimming systems, related support
equipment, and personnel to support cleanup efforts for the
oil spill.
 Environmental Measures
Birds & wild life:
• Rescue operation of affected animals and rare species
• Surveys bird nesting areas to determine how oil has
impacted the area and how to possibly clean the area with
the least impact on them
• Treatment of rescued birds and animals
• Rehabilitate rescued birds and animals in suitable
atmosphere
 Spill response fund

• BP announced USD 20 Billion fund for affected people

• BP to set up $500 million to the GRI (Gulf Research Institute) to open
research program to study the impact of the Deepwater Horizon
incident
• BP gave grants to each of the states of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi
and Louisiana to help their Governors promote tourism around the
shores.
• BP has allocated $100 million for payments to offshore oil workers
who will be unemployed for six months due to oil spill
 Drilling Policy & Stricter laws

• USA department of interiors ordered immediate inspections of all

deep-water operations in the Gulf of Mexico
• US government set new norms for awarding future drilling leases

• Planning to introduce new energy reform bill

• Canadian & US government setting norm to have mandatory relief
wells for all future drilling
 Recommendations

• Strict Govt regulations

• Compensations

• Penalties

• Rehabilitation

• Use of Technology
Yesterday’s update on the oil spill
THANK YOU !!!!!