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Periodic Classification of Elements

This document summarizes periodic classification of elements and the development of the periodic table. It discusses Dobereiner's classification using triads of elements, Newlands' law of octaves, and Mendeleev's periodic table. Mendeleev organized elements based on increasing atomic mass and similar properties, leaving gaps for undiscovered elements. His periodic table was able to predict new elements and accommodate noble gases. However, it could not fully explain isotope positions or hydrogen's placement.

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330 views

Periodic Classification of Elements

This document summarizes periodic classification of elements and the development of the periodic table. It discusses Dobereiner's classification using triads of elements, Newlands' law of octaves, and Mendeleev's periodic table. Mendeleev organized elements based on increasing atomic mass and similar properties, leaving gaps for undiscovered elements. His periodic table was able to predict new elements and accommodate noble gases. However, it could not fully explain isotope positions or hydrogen's placement.

Uploaded by

vivek_theeasyways
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PEROODIC CLASSIFICATION F ELEMENTS

Classification :- alll the elements have been divided into a few groups in such way that elements in the same group
have similar propertise.

Dobereiner’s traids:- when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic masses, group of three elements(known
as triads), having similar chemical propertise are obtained. The atomic mass of middle element of the triad being equal to
the arithmatic mean of the atomic masses of the other two elements.

1. Alkali metal group:- elements like lithium, sodium and potassium.


i. All these elements are metals.
ii. All of them react with water to form alkalis and hydrogen gas.
iii. All of them have a valency of 1.

Elements of the triad symbol Atomic masses


1. Lithium LI 7
2. Sodium Na 23
3. Potassium K 39
Eg.
Atommic mass of lithium=7
Atommic mass of poyassium=39
Arthmetic mean of atomic masses of lithium and potassium = ( 7+39)/2
= 23

Actual atomic mass of sodium = 23 = Arthmetic mean of atomic masses of lithium and potassium

2. alkalline earth metal:- Calcium, Strontium, Barium


i. all these elements are metals.
ii. The osides of all of these elements are alkalline in nature.
iii. All these elements have valency of 2.

Elements of the triad symbol Atomic masses


1. Calcium Ca 40
2. Strontium Sr 88
3. Barium Ba 137

3, the halogen group:- Chlorine, Bromine , Iodine.

i. All these elements are non metals.


ii. All these elements react with water to form acids.
iii. All these elements have a valency of 1.

Elements of the triad symbol Atomic masses


1. Chlorine Cl 35.5
2. Bromine Br 80
3. Iodine I 127

BY VIVEK MISHRA THE EASY WAYS OF SCIENCE-9212362121 CHEMISTRY-X


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Limitations of dobereiner’s classification:- was that it failed to arrange all the then known elements in the form of triads
of elements having similar chemical propetise.dobereiner could identify only three triads from the elements known at
that time.

NEWLAND’S LAW OF OCTAVES


When elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic masses, the propertise of the eighth element are a
repetition of the propertise of first element.

H Li Be B C N O
F Na Mg Al Si P S
Cl K Ca Cr Ti Mn Fe
Co and Ni Cu Zn Y In As Se
Br Rb Sr Ce and La Zr

Limitations of newland’s law of octaves

1. Newland’s law of octaves are applicable to the classification of elements upto Calcium only.
2. Newland assumed that only 56 elements existed in nature and no more elements would be discovered in the
future.
3. In order to fit elements into his table, newlands put even two elements together in one slot and that too in the
column of unlike elements havong very different propertise .(Ni and Co).
4. Iron element (Fe) which resembles cobalt and nickel elelements in propertise was placed far away from these
elements. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
The propertise of elements are a periodic function of their atomic masses.

i. If some elements form oxides having the same general formula then they will have similar chemical
propertise.
ii. If some elements form hydrides having the same general formula then they will also have similar chemical
propertise.
Mendeleev took the formulae of the oxides and hydrides formed by the elements as the basic propertise of
elements for their classification in the form of a periodic table.

In the classification of the then known elements , Mendeleev was guided by two factors:

i. Increasing atomic masses.

BY VIVEK MISHRA THE EASY WAYS OF SCIENCE-9212362121 CHEMISTRY-X


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ii. Grouping together of elements having similar propertise.

In order to make sure that the elements having similar propertise fell in the same vertical column or groups,
mendeleev left some gaps in his periodic table. The undiscoverd elements at that time for which the gap
were left in the periodic table were named by mendeleev as eka- boron, eka-aluminium and eka-silicon by
prefixing the term eka to the name of the preceding elelment in the same group. The term eka is derived
from sanskrit and means first. So eka boron means first come boron. When theses elements were discoverd
later on then eka- boron was named as scandium(Sc), eke-aluminium named gallium(Ga) and eka- sillicon
named germanium(Ge) .

MERITS OF MENDELEEV’S CLASSIFICATION

1. Mendeleev’s periodic law predicted the existence of some elements that had not been discovered at that time.
2. Mendeleev’s periodic table could predict the propertise of several elements on the basis of their position in
their periodic table.
3. Mendeleev’s periodic table could accomodate noble gases when they were discovered.

LIMITATIONS OF MENDELEEV’S CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS

1. The position of isotopes could not be explained.


2. Wrong order of atomic masses of some elements could not be explained.
3. A correct position could not be assigned to hydrogen in the periodic table.
in this table hydrogen has been placed in group 1 with alkalli metals. This is because like alkalli metals hydrogen
also combines with halogens, oxygen and sulphur to form sompounds having similar formulae so hydrogen
resembles with alkalli metal group in some of the propertise.
Hydrogen also resembles halogens in some of the propertise .it shows that hydrogen could also be placed in
group VII of halogen elements. Thus mendeleev’s law could not assign a correct position to hydrogen in the
periodic table.
BY VIVEK MISHRA THE EASY WAYS OF SCIENCE-9212362121 CHEMISTRY-X

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