Islamic University of Gaza

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
Reinforced concrete Design
 General Requirements
Step one :
The Direc on of Ri bs and Loadi ng is Chos en .

Step Two ;
Over all slab thickness must be chosen .
Maximum value of thickness to stand against the deflec on i s used f rom t he t abl e ( 3-2) of
dr. Samir Shihada Reinforcement Design Book .

Restraint Simply One end Two end Can lever

supported con nuous con nuous
Minimum L/16 L/18.5 L/21 L/8
thickness

From this table you can reach the worst case by measuring thru ribs and spans and
determine which kind of these in the table sa sfy ever y one and by that you can obt ai n the
minimum thickness which sa sfy the deflec on r equi r em ent s :
A er I do the pr evi ous step I can deci de that the wo r st case is :
L= 445 cm and it is one end con nuous ri b so far …
The minimum thickness = 445/18.5 = 24.05 cm
· take the minimum thickness = 25 cm
· it will be divide as 17 cm the thickness of the block and 8 cm concrete .

Step three :
Find the topping slap minimum thickness :
ACI Requirements want the minimum thickness of the slab should not be less than the
following :
. t = √(3Mu)/(f b fc'0.5)
this value always in the project such as this one … t was not more than
3-4 cm and to prove this take the worst case in findi ng M
u the Si m
p l y suppor ted beam
Mu = ωl2/8 = 1.362* .16/12 = 0.01816
So …
. t = 2.0689 cm
and if you note that it is less than the 8 cm I leave it to be topping slab

step four : find m

i ni m
u m steel (shr i nkage rei nf or ceme nt ) for the toppi ng sl ab :
take an element which have 1 m wide and as explained 5 cm thickness and the ρ min =
0.0018
so …
As min = 0.0018× 100 × 8 = 1.44 cm2
So use f 6 mm @15 cm in both direc ons .

Step five : De t er mi ni ng the De ad Load and Li ve Load to load the beams in anal ysi s oper a on
:
take a member (block and half of the two ribs beside) then find the load :
Total volume = 1× 1.04 × 0.25 = 0.26 m3
Volume of blocks = 8 × 0.4 × 0.25 × 0.017 = 0.136 m3.
Volume of concrete = 0.26 – 0.136 = 0.124 m3
Total weight = 8 × 17 + 0.124 × 2500 = 446 kg/1.04 m2
Total weight = 429 kg/m2
Weight of covering material = 225 kg /m2
Total weight = 225+429 = 655 kg/m2.
Total weight = 0.655 ton/m2
This load is taken in mind when findi ng the we i ght of panel and wh en you wa nt to find
weight of walls you follow the following steps :
Example :
Find the weight of a 20 cm thickness wall .
Solu on :
If you know that …
The 1 m2 contain 12.5 block .
The weight of 20 cm block = 20 kg .
Weight of blocks = 12.5 × 20 = 0.25 ton /m2
Weight of plaster = 12.5 × 20 = 0.06 ton/m2
Total weight = 250+60 = 0.31 ton/m2
Weight of 3-m height wall = 3× 0.31 = 0.93 ton/mr
Weight of 5-m height wall = 1.55 ton /mr

From the previous informa on you can take the fol lowi ng res ul ts :
· Dead load of one way ribbed slab = 0.655 ton/m2
· Live load of residen al us es is = 0. 2 ton/ m 2
· Dead load of 20 cm thickness wall = 0.93 ton/mr

Design Of Ribs
Step six : Take a samples of Ribs , analysis and then Design for Shear and Flexure :
RIB (1)

Dead load = 0.52× 0.655 = 0.3406 ton/mr.

Live load = 0.52 × 0.2 ton/mr
Take this values and enter it to CBEAM so wa r e pr ogr am and you wi ll take the fol lowi ng
S.F.D and B.M.D

1) Design RIB 1 for shear :

assume f12 mm main reinforcement and f6 mm s rrups so
d= 25 - 0.6 - 2.5 = 21.8 cm .
1.1f Vc = 1.1 × 0.85 × 0.53 × 12× √200 = 1.8333 tons
any where in the beam 1.1 f Vc > Vu so…
shear reinforcement doesn't required but u can use minimum reinforcement .
4 f 6 mm U-s rrups per m e t er is to be us ed to car ry the shear for ce and as car ri er to bo om
flexur al rei nf or ceme nt .

2) Design RIB 1 for flexur al :

Design for the Tension Zone : Design as T- sec on :

assume a<2 ;
C= 0.85(b)(a)(fc')
C = 0.85(200)(52)(a)
C= 8.849 ton .
o For the first span
Mu = f Mn = f C (d-(a/2))
So … a2 – 43.61 a + 20.1 = 0
So a = 0.46 cm < 5cm
Assump on is good .
ÞC=T
As = T/fy = 0.968 = 1 f 12mm
o For the third span ;
Þ a = 0.6669
so C = T
As = 1.44 = 2 f 12 mm

Design for Compression Zone : Design as rectangular sec on ;

Mu = 1.17
Þ ρ = ((200)0.85 /4200 )/(1-(√1-(2.61×105 Mu )/(12× 200 × 21.82))) = 0.00583.
so As = 0.005 (12)(21.8) = 1.5276
use 2 f 12mm

RIB (2)
 1) Design of RIB 2 for shear :
As the previous rib 1 use the same procedure and u will find the fol lowi ng :
Use 4 f 6 mm @1m
2) Design of RIB 2 for flexur e :
Let a < 5 cm so …
C= 0.85(b)(a)(fc')
C = 0.85(200)(52)(a)
C= 8.849 a ton .
Mu = f Mn = f C (d-(a/2))
Mu= 1.39
So … a2 – 43.61 a + 34.924 = 0
So a = 0.816 cm < 5cm
Assump on is good .
ÞC=T
As = T/fy = 1.717
Use 2 f 12mm

You Can See all reinforcement steel shown in the Maps Sec on of the Pr oj ect .
 Design Main Beams

First ; Summary of Procedure :

1) Design for flexur al :

· Obtain the S.F.D & B.M.D from the CBM program by the informa on di scus sed
before ( length – cross sec on assume d – wi de assume d – thi cknes s – dead load and
Live load ) then draw and start analysis .
· From the previous givens you can find ρ that m u s t be > ρ m
i n (= 0. 0033) to us e it in
findi ng A steel
.ρ = ((0.85)(fc')/(fy))(1-(√1-((2.61×105 M)/(b(d2)(fc')))
· then you can find the A steel by the formula .
Asteel = ρbd
· a er thi s find t he numbe r of the s ui t abl e diam
et er and mak e chec k t hat the s pac e
sa sfy the ACI code (not les s than 2. 5 cm)
S = (b-(2× dia s rrup + 2× dia bar))/(n – 1)

2) Design for Shear :

· find m a xi m
u m Vu and m a ke adequacy for Di m
e ns i on of the beam .
· Vu taken from a distance d from the face of the column .
· establish find Vc and Vs
(Vu/f)= Vc + Vs
· establish zones of the beam and find the s rrups of ever y zone .
Main Beam (1) :

DL 2.498 2.4333
LL 0.31 0.335
 a) Main Reinforcement :

§ Example Of First span posi ve M

o me nt zone:
( Mmax )+ve = 4.75 ton.m

Using fc' 200

fy 4200
Mmax +ve 4.75
Using h 25
b 60
Using main reinforcement Φ 14 mm
S rrups Φ 8 mm

So… d= 19.5
ρ +ve 0.005934 ρ min 0.0033 use ρ = 0.005934

So …. As +ve 6.942219 = 4.512036 bars of Φ 14 mm

Spacing Check
Using
no. of bars = 5 so .. space (S)…= 10.45 cm

§ Example of nega ve mo me nt :
( Mmax) –ve = 8.03 ton.m

Using fc' 200

fy 4200
Mmax -ve 8.03
Using h 25
b 60
Using main reinforcment Φ 14 mm
S rrups Φ 8 mm

So… d= 19.5
ρ -ve 0.010713 ρ min 0.0033 use ρ = 0.010713

So …. As -ve 12.53465 = 8.146793 bars of Φ 14 mm

Spacing Check
Using
When using bars = 9 so .. space (S)…= 4.525 cm

And so on you can find al l requi red rei nf or ceme nt steel .

And here you are a summary of Beam (1) :

M No. of bars
+ 4.74 5 f 14mm
-8.03 9 f 14mm
+5.64 9 f 14mm
b) S rrups :

Example of the first span findi ng of requi r ed s rrups :

Vu = 7.98 tons
Using fc' 200
fy 4200
Vu 4.953
So Vu/Φ 5.827059
Vc 8.769538
ΦVc 7.454108
Vs -2.94248

Now Make Dimension Check

find 2.1(√f'c)(b)(d) 34.74722723

Vs -2.9424794 as long as (Vs) is the smallest so dimension is enough

you will use 1 s rrups

Establish ZONES

(√f'c)(b)(d) 16.54629868
Vs -2.94247947
if Vs < (fc')(b)(d) so take d
if Vs > (fc')(b)(d) so take d/2

So now use d / 1 = 19.5

Now you have

Vu 4.953
ΦVc 7.454108

When Vu<ΦVc So (S) is the smallest of S 20.096 use Φ 8 mm

19.5
60

Use 8 mm every 19.5 cm

When Vu>ΦVc So (S) is the smallest of S 27.96727 use Φ 8 mm

19.5
60

Use 8 mm every 19.5 cm

so use Φ 8mm @ 15 cm
And here you are the results of the s rrups of thi s beam :

At supports 1Φ 8mm @ 15 cm
At the middle of the span 1Φ 8mm @ 15 cm
 Design of Columns
To find Pu the Comp r es si on for ce in any col umn you m
u s t fol low the next two m
e t hods :
1) Area Method .
2) Rec on M e t hod .
And take the biggest of them and design on it .
Now with examples you will understand how we can do this .

1) the Area Method :

Pu total = Pu1 + Pu 2 + Pu3
Pu 1 = Load came from the weight of the Panel .
Pu2 = the load that came from the weight of the beams .
Pu3 = the load that came from the load of the walls .

A) The load from the Panels :

It contains Dead load and Live Load ….
The Dead Load = 0.655 ton/m2.
The Live Load = 0.2 ton/m2
Now you must find the tot al ar ea of al l the Panel s and mu l ply i t by t he t his fact or 0.655 t o
find the ser vi ce dead load and by the factor of the live load 0. 2 to find t he t otal Live l oad .
Results :
Total Area of the Panel = 135.4522 m2
So …
(Pu1)dead = 88.72119 tons .
(Pu2)live = 27.09044 tons .

B) the load from the weight of the beams :

results :
length of the 80 cm wide beam = 35.46 m
length of the 60 cm wide beam = 35.4 m
length of the 40 cm wide beam = 37.45 m
length of the covers 40 cm wide = 7.6 m
length of the drop beams = 17.6
weight of 80 cm beam = 0.5 ton/m
weight of 60 cm beam = 0.375 ton/m
weight of 40 cm beam = 0.25 ton/m
weight of drop beams = 0.3125 tons /m
So…
Total weight of the beams Pu2 = 17.73 + 13.275 + 9.3625 + 1.9 + 5.5 = 47.7675 tons

C) Find the weight of the walls :

There is 81.48 m of 20 cm thickness walls
And 58.72 m of 12 cm thickness walls .
The total weight of them
Pu3 = 117.9 tons .
The Final results :
Pu total = 255 tons (dead )
Pu total = 27.5 tons (live )
Total area of the building = 204 m2
So …
Dead load of 1 m2 of Panel = 1.25 tons
Live load of 1 m2 of Panel = 0.2 tons .

Now use these tow values to find the tot al we i ght on ever y col umn by m
u l ply i t of the area
that the column have from the slab
And you will find the fol lowi ng tabl e .
But before it I want to explain How can I have the Pu from the reac on M e t hod

2) Reac on M e t hod :
From the CBM program when you take the informa on for each poi nt you ought to obt ai n
the reac on at each suppor t to us e it her e .
Not that the reac on is a Factor ed Ser vi ce Load that you can us e it in the des i gn of the beam
with all of easiness , but when you want to design the foo ng and the load in the col umn
came from the reac on m e t hod you wa nt the Ser vi ce load to cal cul at e the ar ea of the
foo ng .
Here you must return to the CBM program and use it in findi ng the reac on by ent eri ng t he
final load onl y ( summa on of the dead l oad and t he l ive l oad ) wit hout any f act ora on and
find the reac on .
At that moment you have the service load to find the ar ea of the foo ngs and t he f act ored
load to complete the design process of the columns and the foo ng.

All results of the columns is shown in the following set of tables ….

 Service Load from Area Factored Load from Reaction Pu
D.L ( ton/m2) L.L(ton/m2) D.L L.L Service DL+LL Factored load DL+LL Factored load Service Factored
1 4.2278 1.25 0.205882 5.28475 0.87042792 6.15517792 8.878377463 5.636 8.59 6.15517792 8.878377463
2 8.2263 1.25 0.205882 10.282875 1.693647097 11.9765221 17.27522506 15.926 22.78 15.926 22.78
3 6.8209 1.25 0.205882 8.526125 1.404300534 9.930425534 14.32388591 4.395 6.7 9.930425534 14.32388591
4 6.879 1.25 0.205882 8.59875 1.416262278 10.01501228 14.44589587 4.395 6.7 10.01501228 14.44589587
5 7.9375 1.25 0.205882 9.921875 1.634188375 11.55606338 16.66874524 15.926 22.78 15.926 22.78
6 4.2278 1.25 0.205882 5.28475 0.87042792 6.15517792 8.878377463 5.636 8.59 6.15517792 8.878377463
7 6.035 1.25 0.205882 7.54375 1.24249787 8.78624787 12.67349638 10.505 15.63 10.505 15.63
8 12.0338 1.25 0.205882 15.04225 2.477542812 17.51979281 25.27097278 21.624 31.16 21.624 31.16
9 9.8719 1.25 0.205882 12.339875 2.032446516 14.37232152 20.73098408 5.811 9.07 14.37232152 20.73098408
10 10.0181 1.25 0.205882 12.522625 2.062546464 14.58517146 21.03800399 5.811 9.07 14.58517146 21.03800399
11 11.8875 1.25 0.205882 14.859375 2.447422275 17.30679728 24.96374287 21.624 31.16 21.624 31.16
12 6.0869 1.25 0.205882 7.608625 1.253183146 8.861808146 12.78248635 10.505 15.63 10.505 15.63
13 11.8362 1.25 0.205882 14.79525 2.436860528 17.23211053 24.8560129 19.146 28.18 19.146 28.18
14 13.7875 1.25 0.205882 17.234375 2.838598075 20.07297308 28.95374173 19.79 31.26 19.79 31.26
15 13.5027 1.25 0.205882 16.878375 2.779962881 19.65833788 28.3556619 19.375 30.73 19.375 30.73
16 13.5269 1.25 0.205882 16.908625 2.784945226 19.69357023 28.40648188 20.443 31.26 20.443 31.26
17 12.0643 1.25 0.205882 15.080375 2.483822213 17.56419721 25.33502276 19.228 28.18 19.228 28.18
18 8.4662 1.25 0.205882 10.58275 1.743038188 12.32578819 17.77901492 17.014 21.044 17.014 21.044
19 9.7825 1.25 0.205882 12.228125 2.014040665 14.24216567 20.54324413 13.842 23.639 13.842 23.639
20 9.5028 1.25 0.205882 11.8785 1.95645547 13.83495547 19.9558743 15.636 23.258 15.636 23.258
21 9.5969 1.25 0.205882 11.996125 1.975828966 13.97195397 20.15348424 13.842 23.639 13.842 23.639
22 8.4662 1.25 0.205882 10.58275 1.743038188 12.32578819 17.77901492 17.014 21.044 17.014 21.044
Finding the suitable cross sections of the columns :
no Pu slab no Pu acuall fc' fy ρg Ag required C1 C2 C2 accrual Ag accuall As1 As2 As max Using Φ no. of bars accuall no of bars

1 8.8783775 5 44.3919 250 4200 0.01 314.101 20 15.70505 40 800 3.141 4 4 12 3.5368 6

2 22.78 5 113.9 250 4200 0.01 805.915 20 40.29576 50 1000 8.059 5 8.06 12 7.1259 8

3 14.323886 5 71.6194 250 4200 0.01 506.753 20 25.33766 50 1000 5.068 5 5.07 12 4.4807 6

4 14.445896 5 72.2295 250 4200 0.01 511.07 20 25.55348 50 1000 5.111 5 5.11 12 4.5188 6

5 22.78 5 113.9 250 4200 0.01 805.915 20 40.29576 50 1000 8.059 5 8.06 12 7.1259 8

6 8.8783775 5 44.3919 250 4200 0.01 314.101 20 15.70505 40 800 3.141 4 4 12 3.5368 6

7 15.63 5 78.15 250 4200 0.01 552.961 20 27.64806 50 1000 5.53 5 5.53 12 4.8893 6

8 31.16 5 155.8 250 4200 0.01 1102.38 25 44.09538 50 1250 11.02 6.25 11 14 7.1612 8

9 20.730984 5 103.655 250 4200 0.01 733.425 20 36.67124 50 1000 7.334 5 7.33 12 6.4849 8

10 21.038004 5 105.19 250 4200 0.01 744.287 20 37.21433 50 1000 7.443 5 7.44 12 6.5809 8

11 31.16 5 155.8 250 4200 0.01 1102.38 25 44.09538 50 1250 11.02 6.25 11 14 7.1612 8

12 15.63 5 78.15 250 4200 0.01 552.961 20 27.64806 50 1000 5.53 5 5.53 12 4.8893 6

13 28.18 5 140.9 250 4200 0.01 996.957 25 39.8783 50 1250 9.97 6.25 9.97 12 8.815 8

14 31.26 5 156.3 250 4200 0.01 1105.92 25 44.23689 50 1250 11.06 6.25 11.1 14 7.1842 8

15 30.73 5 153.65 250 4200 0.01 1087.17 25 43.48687 50 1250 10.87 6.25 10.9 14 7.0624 8

16 31.26 5 156.3 250 4200 0.01 1105.92 25 44.23689 50 1250 11.06 6.25 11.1 14 7.1842 8

17 28.18 5 140.9 250 4200 0.01 996.957 25 39.8783 50 1250 9.97 6.25 9.97 14 6.4764 8

18 21.044 5 105.22 250 4200 0.01 744.499 20 37.22493 50 1000 7.445 5 7.44 12 6.5828 8

19 23.639 5 118.195 250 4200 0.01 836.305 20 41.81526 50 1000 8.363 5 8.36 12 7.3946 8

20 23.258 5 116.29 250 4200 0.01 822.826 20 41.1413 50 1000 8.228 5 8.23 12 7.2754 8

21 23.639 5 118.195 250 4200 0.01 836.305 20 41.81526 50 1000 8.363 5 8.36 12 7.3946 8

22 21.044 5 105.22 250 4200 0.01 744.499 20 37.22493 50 1000 7.445 5 7.44 12 6.5828 8
Dividing all Columns in Groups :

groups from to Column no. Pu representative column

Service Factored
1 40 60 1 6 6.155178 8.878377 1
2 60 80 3 4 7 12 10.505 15.63 7
3 80 100
4 100 120 2 5 9 10 18 19 20 21 22 13.842 23.639 19
5 120 140 13 17 19.146 28.18 13
6 140 160 8 11 14 15 16 20.443 31.26 14

The final result is :

group 1 1 20 40 6 12
group 2 7 20 50 6 12
group 3 19 20 50 8 12
group 4 13 25 50 8 12
group 5 14 25 50 8 14
Example :
Footing for Group (1)
Pu service Column dimension
Footing no. fc' fy DL LL q all (net) C1 C2 H Area (m2) B L L
1 250 4200 30.775 17.72 20 40 30 1.7367381 1.35 1.286473 1.35
Df 1.2
Υsoil 1.7
Y conc 2.5 Pu factored qult (net) Φ d
q gross 20 44.3913 24.35736626 12 21.3

Check footing thickness for punching shear Check footing thickness for beam shear
Vu bo bc as Vc is the Largest of ΦVc long direction short direction
38.2247699 205.2 2 40 73.254251 73.2542505 112.666 62.26611296 Vu ΦVc Vu ΦVc
73.25425054 11.903445 20.48227 8.6152 20.48227

as long as ΦVc > Vu so thickness is enough

Long Direction steel Mu ρ As ρ min As min As Φ no.

3.709551 0.001625708 4.67472226 0.0018 7.29 7.29 12 6.445775

Short Direction steel Mu ρ As ρ min As min As Φ no.

5.435879 0.002400965 6.90397379 0.0018 7.29 7.29 12 6.445775
Example:
Footing for Group (4):
Pu survice Column dimention
Footing no. fc' fy DL LL q all (net) C1 C2 H Area (m2) B L L
1 250 4200 95.73 17.6 25 50 45 5.4392045 2.35 2.314555 2.35
Df 1.2
Υsoil 1.7
Y conc 2.5 Pu factored qult (net) Φ d
q gross 20 140.9 25.51380715 12 36.3

Check footing thickness for punching shear Check footing thickness for beam shear
Vu bo bc as Vc is the Largest of ΦVc long direction short direction
127.402711 295.2 2 40 179.5969 179.596905 310.644 152.6573691 Vu ΦVc Vu ΦVc
179.5969048 41.190766 60.76301 33.69609 60.76301

as long as ΦVc > Vu so thickness is enough

Long Direction steel Mu ρ As ρ min As min As Φ no.

25.65055 0.002237202 19.0844475 0.0018 19.035 19.08445 14 12.39749

Short Direction steel Mu ρ As ρ min As min As Φ no.

33.05154 0.002902209 24.7572965 0.0018 19.035 24.7573 14 16.08264
Example for Groub (5-b) :
Pu survice Column dimention
Footing no. fc' fy DL LL q all (net) C1 C2 H Area (m2) B L L
1 250 4200 98.95 17.56 25 50 50 5.6349658 1.8 3.130537 3.15
Df 1.2
Υsoil 1.7
Y conc 2.5 Pu factored qult (net) Φ d
q gross 20 156.95 27.68077601 12 41.3

Check footing thickness for punching shear Check footing thickness for beam shear
Vu bo bc as Vc is the Largest of ΦVc long direction short direction
140.1943 315.2 2 40 218.17859 218.17859 394.964 185.4518012 Vu ΦVc Vu ΦVc
218.1785897 31.564389 92.66706 45.44076 52.95261

as long as ΦVc > Vu so thickness is enough

Long Direction steel Mu ρ As ρ min As min As Φ no.

43.73736 0.003913728 29.0946555 0.0018 16.2 29.09466 18 11.43348

Short Direction steel Mu ρ As ρ min As min As Φ no.

26.18558 0.001303961 16.9638763 0.0018 28.35 28.35 18 11.14085

All Results with clear drawings is shown in the Map Eppendix

18
19 21 22
20
 C3
18
C3
19
20
C3
1Ø12,L=1.5m
2Ø12,L=4.5m

21
C3

A
1Ø12,L=2m
2Ø12,L=7.5m

C3

A
22
Ø6 mm stirrups@25 cm 1Ø12 Ø6 mm mesh @25 cm
 1Ø14 2Ø14

B4 18
B4 B4 B4
B4 B4
19 21 22
2Ø14
3Ø14 3Ø14
20 3Ø14 3Ø14
2Ø12

3Ø12

B7 B8 B8 B8 B7 B2
2Ø12

B2
2Ø12

2Ø12
 2Ø14

B1
4Ø14
2Ø14 3Ø14

4Ø14 1Ø14

B2

3Ø14
4Ø14
4Ø14

1Ø14 2Ø14 1Ø14

B3
4Ø14
18-19-21-22 10.75 m

20 10.55 m
18 19 21 22
20
 Dimentions BOTTOM REINF. TOP REINF. STIRRUPS
AT END IN THE MIDDLE
Beams Width Hieght OF SPAN OF SPAN

B1 60 25 2Ø14 4Ø14 2Ø14 1Ø8@15 1Ø8@20

B2 80 25 4Ø14 4Ø14 1Ø14 4Ø14 1Ø8@15 1Ø8@20
B3 80 25 4Ø14 4Ø14 2Ø14 4Ø14 1Ø8@15 1Ø8@20
B4 60 25 2Ø14 3Ø14 1Ø14 2Ø14 1Ø8@15 1Ø8@20
F3 F3 F3 F3
F3

18
19 21 22
20
F1
F3
F2

F4 F5
 Ground Beam Dimentions Bottom Reinf. Top Reinf. Stirrups
Type
Width Height All Beam Mid All beam Support All Beam

2Ø12
GB (1-2-3-4) 25 50 2Ø12 2Ø12 2Ø12 5Ø8 @ 20 cm

18
19 21 22
20

GB2 GB2 GB2

GB2