embo` {ejUmVrb BVa joÌmgmR>r ICT

gmYZgm_J«rMm EH$ ^mJ AgVrb.

ICT Mm dmna {deof JaOm AgUmè`m
8.1.3 {deo f JaOm Agbo ë `m {dÚmÏ`mª À `m g§ X ^m© V
_wbm§gmR>r, ì`mdgm{`H$ {ejUmgmR>r, XÿañW
{ejH$m§_Ü`o OmUrd OmJ¥Vr H$aÊ`mV `oB©b Am{U
{ejUmgmR>r, embo` {ejU ì`dñWmnZ d
Am§Va _§Ìmb`rZ JQ>m§gmR>r H$aÊ`mV `oVmo. Ë`m~m~V ICT j_Vm§Mr OmUrd H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV `oB©b.
`mgmR>r gd©g_mdoeH$ {ejU KQ>H$m§Mm g_mdoe ICT
gj_ ~Zdbm OmB©b.
{e jUm jo Ì mV ICT (Information 8.1.4 do~da AmYm[aV {S>{OQ>b ^m§S>ma, _m{hVr ì`dñWmnZ
Communication Technology) _wio Am_ybmJ« H«$m§Vr KS>V `§ÌUm B. H$m`©H«$_m§Mm `mV g_mdoe amhrb Am{U
Amho. `m g§X^m©Vrb "amîQ´>r` YmoaU' embo` {ejU Am{U Am§VaamîQ´>r` _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo d AmYma `m§Mm dmna
gmjaVm {d^mJ _mZd g§gmYZ {dH$mg _§Ìmb`, ^maV gaH$ma Ho$bm OmB©b.
`m§MoV\}$ Omhra H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho. Joë`m XmoZ A§H$m§_YyZ 8.1.5 do~ AmYm[aV {S>{OQ>b ^m§S>mamÛmao An§J ì`ŠVrgmR>r
H«$_e: ho YmoaU àg¥V H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. `mM _m{bHo$Vrb Amdí`H$ Ë`m gmoB©gw{dYm§À`m C{Udm bjmV AmUyZ
hm {Vgam Am{U A§{V_ boI Amho. {Xë`m OmVrb d Ë`m§À`mgmR>r {deof Agm {S>{OQ>b
ICT {ejUmV AmUÊ`m_Ü`o AZoH$ AmìhmZm§Zm gm_moao Ame` d gmYZm§Mm dmna Ho$bm OmB©b. CXm. ~mobUmar
Omdo bmJUma Amho. Ho$di emioV ^m¡{VH$ gw{dYm AgyZ ^mJUma nwñVHo$. B. Mr {Z{_©Vr d CnbãYVm H$ê$Z {Xbr
Zmhr Va ICT gj_ _Zwî`~i gwÕm {Z_m©U H$aUo Amdí`H$ OmB©b.
Amho. {dÚmÏ`mªH$aVm Ë`m {df`H$ H$m¡eë`o Am{U j_Vm àmßV 8.2 H$m¡eë` {dH$gZmgmR>r ICT (ì`mdgm{`H$ {ejU)
hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. `m {VZhr boIm§_YyZ {_imboë`m 8.2.1 Cƒ _mÜ`{_H$ ñVamda ì`mdgm{`H$ {ejU KoUmè`m
_mJ©Xe©Zmda AmYm[aV amÁ`mMo YmoaU R>adÊ`mMr gwédmV _§S>imZo {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r ICT _Ü`o CÚmoJ/amoOJma `mda
Ho$br Amho. `mV {ejH$m§Mm gH$mamË_H$ à{VgmX Amdí`H$ AmYm[aV Aä`mgH«$_m§Mo {dH$gZ Am{U {Z{_©Vr
Amho. ~XbË`m H$mimZwgma Amnë`m g^modVmbÀ`m AZoH$ H$aÊ`mV `oB©b.
ì`dgm`mV ICT H$m¡eë`m§Mm dmna \$ma _moR>çm doJmZo hmoV 8.2.2 gXa Aä`mgH«$_ KQ>H$m{Y{ð>V H$ê$Z {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r
AgVmZm {ejU ì`dñWm Ë`m ~XbmnmgyZ \$ma Xÿa amhÿ eH$V n`m©` Iwbo R>odÊ`mV `oVrb Á`m_Ü`o ZmoH$ar/
Zmhr. åhUyZM ho YmoaU ZŠH$s H$m` Amho ho {ejH$m§Zr g_OyZ ì`dgm`mMo {ZdS> n`m©`, hmS>©doAa-gm°âQ>doAa
KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. ì`mgnrR>, gmYZo d gmYZgm_J«r BË`mXr CnbãYVm
H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV `oB©b. {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m g_wnXoeZmgmR>r
8.1 {deof JaOm Agboë`m _wbm§gmR>r ICT `mo½` Aer `§ÌUm {Z_m©U H$ê$Z Ë`mÛmao Ë`m§Zm {d{dY
8.1.1 emioVrb gd©g_mdoeH$ {ejU à{H«$`oV ICT Mm godm-ZmoH$ar Am{U Aä`mgH«$_ {ZdS>rMo _mJ©Xe©Z
dmna CËàoaH$ åhUyZ H$m`© H$aob. H$aÊ`mV `oBb © d Aem Aä`mgH«$_m§Mo {dH$gZ H$aÊ`mV
8.1.2 ICT gm°âQ>doAa Am{U gmYZo `m_wio An§J ì`ŠVtZm `oB©b.
AÜ``Z gwH$aVm `oB©b. Ogo nS>Úmdarb dmMZ, ~«ob 8.2.3 `m Aä`mgH«$_mV JaOoZwgma dma§dma \o$a~Xb H$ê$Z
qàQ>g© B. Am{U `m gw{dYm emioVrb ICT _yb^yV AÚ`mdV Ho$bo OmB©b, Á`mÛmao V§ÌkmZmVrb Zdo àdmh

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 Am{U ZmoH$arÀ`m JaOm `m_Ü`o _oi ~gob. åhUyZM gwÕm Ho$bm OmB©b.
Aem àH$maMo Aä`mgH«$_ {ZH$Q>dVu CÚmoJm§À`m AmYmao 8.3.3 _wH$V emim amîQ´>r` g§ñWm (NIOS) Zo ICT Mm
Mmby H$aUo/R>odUo AJË`mMo Amho. dmna H$ê$Z _yb^yV ~m~t_Ü`o _moR>o n[adV©Z NIOS
8.2.4 ì`mdgm{`H$ Aä`mgH«$_ am~dUmè`m g§ñWm§Zr ICT Online<Ni on> `m àH$ënmÛmao KS>dZy AmUbo Amho.
àUrV AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$`m am~dUo JaOoMo `mgmR>r Am°ZbmB©Z Zm|XUr gw{dYm àdoe, narjm, B©-
amhrb. _mÝ`Vm, narjm H|$Ð R>adUo, Ë`mgmR>r \$sMr AXmB©
8.2.5 {dÚmÏ`mªZm Ë`m§À`m H$m¡eë`mMo nwZ^©aU H$aÊ`mgmR>r `m g§nyU© df©^a AhmoamÌ (24 • 7) H$mbmdYrgmR>r
Iwbr AÜ``Z à{H«$`m {dH${gV Ho$br OmB©b. d` CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV Ambobr Amho. `m àH$ënmVyZ
Am{U Ë`m§Mr e¡j{UH$ nmÌVm `mda Agbobr nma§n[aH$ dmna _¡Ìr d gmoBM© r Aer AÜ``Z AmYmaH|$Ðo (LSC)
~§YZo `mo½` VèhoZo H$_r H$ê$Z Iwë`m ì`dñWoV gwH$aVm H$m`m©pÝdV H$ê$Z {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m AS>MUr/Amjon B.
AmUbr OmB©b. OoWo eŠ` Agob Ë`mZwgma Am°ZbmB©Z Xÿa H$aÊ`mgmR>r _mo\$V \$moZ gw{dYm d B©-_obMr
d XÿañW {ejU nÕVrMm emoY KoVbm OmB©b. Ë`m§À`m gw{dYm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV Ambobr Amho.
gd© àH$maÀ`m JaOm§Zwgma Aä`mgH«$_m§Mr CnbãYr NIOS Zo Am° Z {S> _ m§ S > EŠPm{_Zo e Z {gpñQ> _
d {d{dYm§Jr àdoe d {ZJ©_mMr gw{dYm CnbãY H$ê$Z (ODES) Mr A§_b~OmdUr gwê$ Ho$bobr AgyZ
{Xbr OmB©b. {dÚmWu `m narjm Ë`m§Mr V`mar Pmbr H$s bJoM XoD$
8.2.6 _mJUrZwgma _yë`m§H$Z Am{U à_mUn{ÌH$aUmMr `§ÌUm eH$VmV. hr `§ÌUm AZm¡nMm[aH$ {d^mJmgmR>r AgyZ
{dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r H$mb~Õ JwUdÎmm/nmÌVm {dH$gZmgmR>r {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m \$m`ÚmH$aVm amÁ`mH$Sy>Z gh^mJ dmT>dbm
V`ma H$aÊ`mV `oB©b. d ~iH$Q> Ho$bm OmB©b.
8.3 _wŠV Am{U XÿañW {ejUmgmR>r ICT 8.3.4 EDUSAT Am{U DTH godm§Zm àmoËgmhZ {Xbo OmB©b
8.3.1 _wŠV Am{U XÿañW {ejUmÀ`m ICT À`m dmnam_YyZ d OoWo eŠ` Agob VoWo _m{hVr d gmYZgm_J«rMm
n`m©`r eŠ`Vm {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r {Z_m©U hmoVrb Á`m_Ü`o AmYma CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbm OmB©b. Ë`mgmR>r àjonH$
I§ { S> V {ejU Pmbo b o {dÚmWr© Ë`m§ M o {ejU gìh©aMm dmna {S>{OQ>b ^m§S>mamgmR>r, _m{hVrMr
Am¡nMm[aH$ AWdm AZm¡nMm[aH$ {ejU àUmbrÛmam nwZ:àmßVr H$ê$Z KoÊ`mgmR>r Am{U àjonU _m{hVrMo
KoD$ eH$Vrb. gÜ`mMr Am¡nMm[aH$ {ejU nÕVr hr hñVm§VaUmgmR>r JwUdÎmmnyU© {ejUmgmR>r ÑH²$lmì`
ICT AmYm[aV _wŠV Am{U XÿañW {ejU `§ÌUoMr H$m`©H«$_ V¡ZmV Ho$bo OmVrb.
CnbãYVm Pmë`m_wio Cnamo„I o r AÜ``Z JaOm nyVV© m 8.3.5 {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r EH$ {dídmgy nÕVr àñVm{dV AgyZ
H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnabr OmB©b. Ë`m_Yrb gh^mJr VÁk {ejH$m§ M o ghH$m`©
8.3.2 àñVwV _wŠV emim `moOZm (amîQ´>r` d amÁ` ñVamdarb {dÚmÏ`mªn`ªV Zobo OmB©b. Am°ZbmB©Z Aä`mgH«$_,
`wŠV emim) `m§Zm ICTs À`m ZmdrÝ`nyU©VoZo g~b Am°ZbmB©Z narjm (_mJUrZwgma) Am{U {S>{OQ>b ^m§S>ma
H$aVm `oVrb. B©-~wH$, B©-H§$Q>|Q>, {S>{OQ>b ^m§S>ma d gmYZgm_J«r DTH/EDUSAT àjonU àgma
(AZwê$n AÜ``Z gmYZgm_J«rgh) B. Mo {dH$gZ _mÜ`_o, _wŠV AÜ``Z `§ÌUm `m§Zm {d{dYm§Jr àdoe
`m g§ñWm§H$Sy>Z H$adyZ KoD$Z {dÚmÏ`mªZm AmYmagodm d {ZJ© _ Q>ßno , AZm¡ n Mm[aH$[aË`m embo `
{Xë`m OmVrb. Ë`m§Mm dmna Am°ZbmB©Z j_Vm gmYZgm_J«rMr {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r CnbãYVm, _mJ©Xe©Z
{Z{_©VrgmR>r _wŠV Am{U XÿañW {ejH$ à{ejUmgmR>r Am{U g_wnXoeZmMr gmo` CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbr OmB©b.

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9. embo` ì`dñWmnZmH$[aVm {ejH$ Am{U {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r {deofH$ê$Z Ë`m§À`m
9.1 ñd`§M{bV Am{U ICT ì`dñWm{nV embo` à{H«$`m e¡j{UH$ JaOm§gmR>r _mJ© V`ma Ho$bm OmB©b.
embo` àemgZmgmR>r B. JìhZ©Ýg Am{U ñd`§M{bV 9.1.1 amÁ`mH$Sy>Z amÁ`mVrb emim§gmR>r B©-JìhZ©Ýg Am{U
embo` àemgZ H$m`©àUmbrMm ñdrH$ma AWdm ñd`§M{bV embo` ì`dñWmnZ H$m`©H«$_mMm ñdrH$ma
OwiVr{_iVr nÕVr amÁ`o ñdrH$maVrb, Ë`mÀ`m Ho$bm OmB©b, `mÀ`m A§_b~OmdUrgmR>r j_Vm{Z{_©Vr
A§_b~OmdUrgmR>r j_Vm{Z{_©Vr H$ê$Z emim Am{U emim AmYm[aV ì`dñWmnZ _m{hVr `§ÌUm
AmYm[aV "ì`dñWmnZ _m{hVr `§ÌUm' (MIS) V¡ZmV V¡ZmV Ho$br OmB©b. `m MIS bm àñVm{dV Aem
Ho$br OmB©b. hr MIS `§ÌUm do~ AmYm[aV embo` amîQ´>r` ñVamdarb do~ AmYm[aV embo` {ejU
{ejU ì`dñWmnZ _m{hVr `§ÌUoer amÁ`^a OmoS>br ì`dñWmnZ _m{hVr `§ÌUoer (SEMIS) OmoS>bo OmB©b.
OmB©b. ñWm{ZH$ E[a`m ZoQ>dH©$_wio emim ñVamda 9.2 embo` {ejU ì`dñWmnZ _m{hVr `§ÌUm (SEMIS)
{d{dY Aem à{H«$`m ñd`§M{bV H$aUo eŠ` hmoB©b. 9.2.1 `mgmR>r amîQ´>r` ñVamda {dñV¥V Ago ZoQ>dH©$ ñWm{nV
dmMZmb`o ñd`§M{bV H$aÊ`mMr gwédmV H$ê$Z JwßV Ho$bo OmB©b Á`m_Ü`o emim, {ejH$, {dÚmWu, emim
Ago ñWm{ZH$ Am° \ $bmB© Z A° Š go g hm B§ Q > a Zo Q > ì`dñWmnH$ Am{U _moR>çm à_mUmda g_mOmMm gh^mJ
gmYZgm_J«rer OmoS>bo OmB©b, Am°{\$g H$m_, amhrb. `m A§ _ b~OmdUr_Ü`o embo ` {ejU
A{^boIo, {dÚmÏ`mªMr _m{hVr, gmYZgm_J«rMo ì`dñWmnZ _m{hVr`§ÌUm ( SEMIS), gmYZm§Mo
{Z`moOZ BË`mXr àñVwV CnbãY ICT gmYZgm_J«rMm {S> { OQ> b ^m§ S > m a, Ame` Am{U gmYZgm_J« r
dmna Ho$ë`mZo H$m`©j_VoV dmT> hmoBb
© . Ë`mMdoir doi, ì`mdgm{`H$ {dH$mg Am{U gmVË`nyU© {ejU ì`mgnrR>
IM© Am{U l_mMr ~MV hmoÊ`mV dmT> hmoB©b. Am{U _mJ©Xe©Z, g_wnXoeZ Am{U {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m
emioVrb bmoH$b E[a`m ZoQ>dH©$_wio ñd`§MbZmÀ`m AmYmamgmR>r BVa gondm CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xë`m OmVrb.
dmnamMr gwH$aVm hmoB©b. 9.2.2 _mÜ`{_H$ emim `§ÌUm§Mr gd© _m{hVr XoÊ`mgmR>r
`m `§ÌUoÀ`m ñVamdê$Z nm{hbo AgVm gXa YmoaU ho "qgJb qdS>mo pŠbA[a¨J hmD$g' åhUyZ SEMIS Mm
do~ ZoQ>dH©$ dmVmdaUmer Vm|S> XoD$ eHo$b. Á`m_Ü`o CX` hmoBb © . gXa _m{hVr g§emoYZ, CnH«$_m§Mo {dûcofU
emim, {ejH$, {dÚmWu, emim ì`dñWmnH$ Am{U Am{U {d{dY ñVam§da {ejU `§ÌUo~Ôb {ZU©`
g_mO ho _moR>çm à_mUmda gh^mJ KoUmao AmhoV. `m KoÊ`mgmR>r _mJ©Xe©H$ Am{U H$m`©eŠVrbm g_¥Õ
A§_b~OmdUr_Ü`o embo` {ejU ì`dñWmnZ _m{hVr ~ZdÊ`mV gh^mJ KoÊ`mÀ`m H$m_r `oB©b.
`§ÌUm (SEMIS), {S>{OQ>b ^m§S>mamMr gmYZo, Ame` 9.2.3 embo` àemgZ Am{U ì`dñWmnZmbm ñd`§M{bV
Am{U gmYZgm_J«r, ì`mdgm{`H$ {dH$mg Am{U H$aÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$`oMo {ZH$f amÁ`mH$Sy>Z R>adbo OmVrb.
gmVË`nyU© {ejUmMo ì`mgnrR> Am{U _mJ©Xe©Z, MIS `§ Ì Uo M m {dH$mg hmVr Ko D $Z Ë`mMr
g_wnXoeZ Am{U {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m _XVrgmR>r godm `m§Mm A§_b~OmdUr Am°\$bmB©Z d Am°ZbmB©Z `m XmoÝhr
g_mdoe amhrb. nÕVrZo Ho$br OmB©b. V§ÌkmZmMm XOm© R>adÊ`mMo {ZH$f
embo` ì`dñWmnZmgmR>rÀ`m ñd`§MbZ à{H«$`oMo {ZH$f Á`m_Ü`o b±½doO, \$m°ÝQ>, dS>© àmogoga, Q>opŠZH$b
amÁ`mH$Sy>Z R>adbo OmVrb. MIS `§ÌUoÀ`m {dH$mgmMo {S>ŠeZar B. Mm g_mdoe Agob d Á`m_Ü`o Agm
d A§_b~OmdUrMo Am°\$bmB©Z Am{U Am°ZbmB©Z XOm© AmT>iyZ Ambm Ë`mMm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm OmB©b.
nÕVrMo H$m`© hmVr KoVbr OmB©b. _m{hVrÀ`m ì`mßVrMr _m{hVr, Ame` Am{U gmYZgm_J«r `mgmR>r gmd©{ÌH$
{dñV¥V VwbZm MIS Ûmam Ho$br OmB©b Am{U `m_Ü`o AmYma XoÊ`mgmR>r gwH$aVm AmUUmam _wŠV XOm© ImÌrZo

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 {_iob `mMr H$miOr KoVbr OmB©b. Ogo ñH°$Zg©, qàQ>g©, àmoOoŠQ>g©, `§ÌUoMr hmVmiUr,
Am{U gm°âQ>dA o a `§ÌUoMr hmVmiUr Á`m_Ü`o ìhm`ag
10. YmoaUmMr A§_b~OmdUr Am{U ì`dñWmnZ ñH°$Ýg, CËnmXZ dmna VgoM e¡j{UH$ gm°âQ>doAa,
10.1 H$m`©H«$_ g§{Z`§ÌU Am{U _yë`_mnZ JQ> (PMEG) {dÚwV {Z`§ÌH$ gmYZo, Am{U BVa {S>{OQ>b gmYZo
10.1.1 H$m`©H«$_ g§{Z`§ÌU Am{U _yë`_mnZ JQ> (PMEG) Ogo {S>{OQ>b H°$_oam, Am°{S>`mo aoH$m°S>©g© B. Mm g_mdoe
hm embo` {ejU Am{U gmjaVm ImVo `m§Mm AgyZ Agob. `m_Ü`o EDUSAT Q>_uZëgMo à_mUrH$aU,
Xoe^amVrb emim§_YyZ am~dë`m OmUmè`m ICT _yb^yV gm{hË` gmYZm§À`m qH$_Vr/IM© Ogo Q>b o r\$moZ,
H$m`©H«$_mMr A§_b~OmdUr d Ë`mg§~§YrMo _mJ©Xe©Z B§Q>aZoQ>, drOnwadR>m B. ~m~r {dMmamV KoVë`m OmVrb.
H$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar amhrb. PMEG H$Sy>Z H$m`©JQ>mMr VgoM amÁ`m§Zm Ë`m ~m~r ñWm{nV H$aUo Am{U Ë`m§Mo
ñWmnZm Am{U Ë`m joÌmVrb ì`ŠVr AWdm g§ñWm ì`dñWmnZ H$aÊ`m~m~V _mJ©Xe©Z H$aVrb.
{dH$gZmMo à_m{UV ñdê$n, _`m©Xm, _yë`_mnZ 10.3 amîQ´>r` d amÁ` ñVamdarb g§ñWm
Ahdmb, œoVn{ÌH$m, BË`mXr H$m_o ICT H$m`©H$« _m§VJ©V 10.3.1 amîQ´>r` d amÁ` ñVamdarb g§ñWm§_Ü`o amîQ´>r` e¡j{UH$
amÁ`mVrb A§_b~OmdUrgmR>r _mJ©Xe©Z B. H$m_o Ho$br g§emoYZ d à{ejU n[afX, H|${Ð` e¡j{UH$ V§ÌkmZ
OmVrb. g§ñWm, amîQ´>r` _wŠV emim g§ñWm, amÁ` e¡j{UH$-
10.2 Am§Va-_§Ìmb`rZ JQ> g§emoYZ d à{ejU n[afXm Am{U amÁ` e¡j{UH$
10.2.1 _mZd g§gmYZ {dH$mg, g§àofU d _m{hVr V§ÌkmZ V§ÌkmZ g§ñWm B. _m\©$V Aä`mgH«$_ {dH$gZ
COm© Zdr d ZdrH$aU COm©, _m{hVr Am{U àjonU, gmYZgm_J«r, H$m`©H«$_mMr gj_Vm B. ~m~r R>adë`m
AdH$me B. _§Ìmb`mVrb gXñ`m§Mm hm JQ> amhrb OmVrb, Á`m Xoe^amgmR>r EH$ AmXe© Z_wZm amhÿZ
Am{U Vm§{ÌH$ n`m©`mMo _mJ©Xe©Z, IMm©Mr H$mQ>H$ga ñdrH$mamh© d A§_b~OmdUrgmR>r H$m_ H$aVrb.
CnbãY gmYZgm_J«rMm OmñVrV OmñV dmna Am{U 10.3.2 amï´>r` d amÁ` ñVamda gmd©O{ZH$ {ZYràmßV g§ñWm
OmoS>Ur BË`mXr ~m~VrV _mJ©Xe©ZmMr O~m~Xmar `m `moOZoÀ`m {dH$gZ, g§H$bZ Am{U {S>{OQ>b H§$Q>Ýo Q>,
Ë`m§Moda amhrb. gmYZgm_J«r d gmYZo `m ~m~VrVrb ^mJrXma
10.2.2 `m JQ> m H$Sy > Z , amÁ`mVrb V§ Ì H$bm, Omo S > U r, AgVrb. `mgmR>r JwUdÎmoMo {ZH$f {d{dY {S>{OQ>b
Am§Va{d^mJr` ICT C{Ôï>mZwgma ~Xb, embo` H§$Q>oÝQ>gmR>r gmd©{ÌH$ Iwbm AmYma B. ~m~r {ZpíMV
{d^mJmV A§_b~OmdUrgmR>rMr eŠ`meŠ`Vm, Ho$ë`m OmVrb.
Am{W©H$ {Z`moOZmMr gw`mo½`Vm, n`m©daUr` XjVm, 10.3.3 gmd©O{ZH$ {ZYr àmßV amîQ´>r` d amÁ` ñVamdarb
à{ejUmMr JaO, AÜ``Z AmboI Am{U `§ÌUoMm àjonU g§ñWm, EDUSAT ZoQ>dH©$ ì`dñWmnZ g§ñWm,
dmna d ì`dñWmnZ AmXr ~m~VrVrb AmT>mdm KoVbm `m `moOZobm AmYma d gmYZgm_J«r CnbãY H$ê$Z
OmB©b. `m JQ>mH$Sy>Z Vm§{ÌH$ n`m©`m§~m~V AmT>mdm XoD$Z Ë`mMm {dñV¥V àgma H$aÊ`mMo H$m`© H$aVrb.
{Z`{_VnUo KoD$Z amÁ`m§Zm Jw§VdUyH$ d {ejUmMo 10.4 amÁ`m§Mr ^y{_H$m :
OmñVrV OmñV \$m`Xo H$go KoVm `oVrb `m~m~V • amÁ`m§Mr `m ~m~VrV Xþhoar ^y{_H$m Agob.
_mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo OmB©b. • {ZH$fm§Mr {ZpíMVr, XOm©, _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo,
10.2.3 V§ÌkmZ n`m©`m§_Ü`o g§JUH$mÀ`m H$m`©àUmbrMm XOm© AmamIS>o B. `m H$m`©H«$_mg§~§YmÀ`m ~m~r R>adUo.
Am{U à_mUrH$aU, BZnyQ> Am{U AmD$Q>nyQ> gmYZo • `m H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m {d{dY ~m~r§_Ü`o (g{Z`§ÌU d
A§_b~OmdUr `m_Ü`o) gwH$aVm AmUUo.

{ejU g§H$« _U
8
Am°JñQ> 2010

`m O~m~Xmè`m§_Ü`o g_m{dîQ> ~m~r : gh^mJ `mZwgma R>adbr OmB©b.
• H¥${VH$m`©H«$_, `mo½` nmaXeu `moOZm Am{U 10.5.3 àM{bV {ejU nÕVrZwgma ICT H$m`©H«$_ A_bmV
H$mb_`m©Xm AmUÊ`mgmR>r g§ñWm{Zhm` C^maUr amÁ`mH$Sy>Z
• _yb^yV gmo`rgw{dYm XOm© d {ZH$f, {d{dY Q>mH$Ê`mV `oBb© . ^yVH$mbrZ AZw^d d `mo½`m`mo½`VoMm
ñVam§darb A§_b~OmdUr à{H«$`m, j_Vm {dH$gZ {dMma H$ê$Z {d{dY Z_wÝ`m§Mo à`moJ amÁ`o H$ê$
H$m`©H«$_, g§{Z`§ÌU, _yë`_mnZ {ZH$f, C{Ôï>o eH$Vrb.
BË`mXr~m~V _mJ©Xe©Z d amîQ´>r` ñVamdarb XOm© 10.6 g„mJma _§S>i/JQ>
d {ZH$f R>adUo. 10.6.1 ICT H$m`© H « $ _ A§ _ b~OmdUrgmR>r _mJ© X e© Z
• g§J«hmMm AmamIS>m, {dH$mg, {ZdS>, _yë`_mnZ, H$aÊ`mgmR>r amÁ`mÀ`m embo` {ejU ImË`mH$Sy>Z
g§J«hmMr V¡ZmVr Am{U {S>{OQ>b Ame`mMm dmna AJ«Ur Agm g„mJma JQ> ñWm{nV Ho$bm OmB©b. hm
B. Mm AmamIS>m V`ma H$aUo. JQ> A§_b~OmdUr, g§{Z`§ÌU d _yë`_mnZ `m~m~VrV
• bm^mWuÀ`m VgoM g_mO Am{U ImOJr ^mJrXma _mJ©Xe©Z H$aob. g„mJma JQ> hm g§~§{YV {d^mJ,
`m§Mm ICT H$m`©H«$_mVrb gh^mJmMm {dñV¥V Zm_m§{H$V amÁ` A{^`m§{ÌH$s g§ñWm, {dÚmnrR>o B. Mm
àgmamMr gwH$aVm {dMma hm {d{dY Aem Vm§{ÌH$, e¡j{UH$, Am{W©H$
• _yb^yV gmoB©gw{dYm, {S>{OQ>b ^m§S>ma BË`mXtMm Am{U àemgH$s` ~m~tÀ`m g_mdoemÀ`m {dMma H$aob.
{dH$mg, V¡ZmVr Am{U XoI^mb H$aUo. 10.6.2 amÁ`m§Mo {ejU ImVo amÁ`mVrb `mo½` Aem ImVo
• gw`mo½` j_Vm {Z{_©Vr AmamIS>m {dH${gV H$ê$Z {d^mJ, amÁ`ñVar` g§ñWm AmXrÀ`m H$m`©eŠVr,
Ë`mMr ñVa{Zhm` A§_b~OmdUr H$aUo. {dOoMr OmoS>Ur d C^maUr gd© emim§_YyZ Ho$br
• CnbãY gmYZgm_J«r, ImOJr Am{U gm_m{OH$ OmB©b `m~m~V ImÌr H$ê$Z KoVrb. `m_Ü`o IM©,
`m§Mr O_dmO_d H$aUo. qH$_Vr, godoMr JwUdÎmm Am{U XoI^mb `m~m~V
• gw`mo½` Ago H$m`Xoera d {Z`§ÌUmMo AmamIS>o dmQ>mKmQ>rMo {ZH$f R>adVrb.
{dH${gV H$aUo. 10.7 {ZH$f, XOm© Am{U H$m`©àUmbr
10.5 H¥${VH$m`©H«$_ : 10.7.1 ICT À`m EH$g_mZ Am{U Cƒ XOm©Mr ImÌr H$ê$Z
10.5.1 ICT H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m {d{dY ~m~tgmR>r amÁ`mH$Sy>Z KoUo, OmñVrV OmñV d H$mQ>H$garÀ`m IMm©V ICT
H¥${VH$m`©H$« _ V`ma H$aUo d Ë`mg§~Y§ mZo _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo. A§_b~OmdUr H$aUo, `m g§~§YrMm XOm© d {ZH$f
CXm. _yb^yV gmYZgm_J«tMo {dH$gZ, H$m`©H«$_m§Mo A§_b~OmdUr g§X^m©V amîQ´>r` ñVamdarb Am§Va-
ì`dñWmnZ, {S>{OQ>b [agmo g } g Mm {dH$mg, _§Ìmb`rZ JQ>mMm ñdrH$ma amÁ`m§H$Sy>Z Ho$bm OmB©b.
j_Vm{Z{_©Vr Am{U H$m`©H«$_mMo _yë`_mnZ BË`mXr. Á`m_Ü`o {deofËdmZo {_ñÌ V§ÌkmZ, CnH$aUm§Mr
10.5.2 {XemXe©H$ Am{U H$mb_`m©Xoda AmYm[aV amÁ`emgZ n[a_mUo, gm°âQ>dAo aMr {ZdS> Am{U OmoS>Ur, {S>{OQ>b
XI ì`m `moOZoAIoa amÁ`mVrb gd© emgH$s`, gmYZgm_J«rMr {ZdS> d V¡ZmVr d j_Vm{Z{_©Vr
emgH$s` AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ d Cƒ _mÜ`{_H$ H$m`©H«$_mMm g_mdoe Agob.
emim§À`m g_mdoemMr ImÌr H$ê$Z KoVrb. Ë`mM~amo~a 10.7.2 amÁ`mVrb gÜ`mMo dmnaboë`m ~m~r/dñVy aÔ~mVb
{dZmAZwXm{ZV emim, g§~{§ YV amÁ`_§S>im§er g§b½ZVm H$aUo AWdm ñW{JV H$aUo `mgmR>r dmnabo OmVrb.
`m~m~Vhr ImÌr H$ê$Z KoVrb. H$mb_`m©Xm hr R>amdrH$ `m_Ü`o BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ doñQ> Am{U CƒrH$aUmMo H$_rV
Q>ßß`mZwgma d XII ì`m `moOZoAIoa gd© emim§Mm H$_r ZwH$gmZ H$go hmoB©b `mH$S>o bj {Xbo OmB©b.

{ejU g§H$« _U
9
Am°JñQ> 2010

10.7.3 amÁ`mH$Sy>Z gmR>m, {Z{_©Vr, hmVmiUr Am{U XoI^mb gmYZgm_J«rMm OmñVrV OmñV dmna H$ê$Z KoÊ`mgmR>r
nÕVr {dH${gV Ho$ë`m OmVrb Am{U `mo½` Ë`m gm_m{OH$ gh^mJmMo _m°S>ob C^maÊ`mMm à`ËZ
{dH«$o Ë`m§er/g§ñWoer H$amaZm_m H$aÊ`mV `oBb
© . {dH«$o Vm amÁ`mH$Sy>Z Ho$bm OmB©b.
AWdm g§ñWm§H$Sy>Z àË`j {R>H$mUr EH$m ì`ŠVrMr 10.8.3 _moR>çm à_mUmdarb IaoXr, aoQ>-H$m°ÝQ´>Š° Q>, emimñVamda
V¡ZmVr H$ê$Z {XdgmJ{UH$ `oUmè`m AS>MUtMr gm°âQ>doAa nadmZm B. EHy$U Xa hmVmiUrgmR>r amÁ`
gmoS>dUyH$, XþéñVr Am{U g§nyU© H$m`©`§ÌUoMr XoI^mb EH$ `§ÌUm ñWm{nV H$aob. gm°âQ>doAaMo CƒrH$aU,
d Ë`mg§~§YrMm Ahdmb g§~§{YVm§H$S>o XoÊ`mMr nÕVr ho `mo½` Ë`m _yë`m{Y{ð>V _m°S>obMo amÁ`mH$Sy>Z {dH$gZ
{Z_m©U H$aVrb. `m_wio {deofH$ê$Z gmYZm§Mr Ho$bo OmB©b.
AÚ`mdVVm, _m{hVrMr gwajm Am{U ìhm`agnmgyZ 10.9 {Z`_ZmÀ`m Cnm``moOZm
g§ajUmMr ì`dñWm hmoB©b. `mg§~§YmZo MOUS/H$ama 10.9.1 B§Q>aZoQ>À`m AmYmam_wio _wbm§n`ªV A`mo½` Agm Ame`
hm H$m_mÀ`m nyV©VoÀ`m Ñï>rZo d gm{hË`mÀ`m JwUdÎmm, OmÊ`mMm YmoH$m g§^dVmo Ë`mgmR>r g„mJma JQ>mÀ`m
godm d H$_rV H$_r H$mb_`m©Xm `m g§~§YmZo gŠVr `mo½` Ë`m gëë`mZwgma AmYmamMo {Z`_Z, B§Q>aZoQ>
Agboë`m {Z`_m§Mr _m§S>Ur H$aÊ`mV `oB©b. A°pŠQ>pìhQ>rMo g§{Z`§ÌU, {ejH$m§Mo Am{U {dÚmÏ`mªMo
10.8 ICT gmYZgm_J«rMo Z_yZo {ejU BË`mXr H$m_o hmVr KoVbr OmVrb. emimà_wI
10.8.1 ~m§ Y m, _mbH$s, dmnam Am{U hñVm§ V [aV H$am Am{U {ejH$m§Zm `mo½` Vr gwa{jVVm Am{U {Z`_ZmÀ`m
(BOOT) _m°S>b o Zwgma ICT _yb^yV gw{dYm {Z{_©Vrg Cnm``moOZm§Mo à{ejU XoÊ`mV `oB©b.
àmYmÝ` {Xbo OmB©b. `m godm§_Ü`o {d{dY ñdê$nmVrb 10.10 àmoËgmhZ `moOZm
godm§Mr OwiUr Ho$br OmD$ eHo$b Ogo \$ŠV gmYZo, 10.10.1 {ejH$, {dÚmWu Am{U emim `m§Mr XIb
gmYZo + _Zwî`~i, gmYZo + _Zwî`~i + gm°âQ>dA o a KoÊ`mgmR>r {deof Aem àmoËgmhZ `moOZm, Ë`m§Mo H$m`©,
Am{U B©-H§$Q>oÝQ> B. àH$mam§Mm à`ËZ H$ê$Z nmhÊ`mV nwT>mH$ma Am{U ~w{Õ_ÎmoÀ`m dmnamgmR>r amÁ`mH$Sy>Z
`oB©b Am{U `m_Yrb `mo½` Aem n`m©`mMm {dMma hmVr KoÊ`mV `oVrb. ICT gmYZo d gmYZgm_J«rgmR>r
Ho$bm OmD$ eHo$b Ë`mgmR>r eŠ`meŠ`Vm, `oUmam ghOnUo CnbãY hmoUmar H$O©ì`dñWm, nm[aVmo{fHo$,
IM©, amÁ`mH$Sy>Z XÎmH$ KoUo BË`mXr gÚ:pñWVrV _mÝ` ì`mdgm{`H$ gmhmæ` Am{U VemM àH$maMr
Ho$bo OmUmao PrO d _moS>VmoS>rMo {ZH$fm§da AmYm[aV àmoËgmhZna `moOZm {dMmamV KoVbr OmB©b. `mgmR>r
amÁ`mH$Sy>Z ~m§Ym, _mbH$s d hmVmim `m ñdê$nmMm emgZmg_doV ^mJrXma Am{U g§`wŠV {dÚ_mZo
Z_wZm {ZdS>bm OmD$ eHo$b. nwañH¥$VVm Am{U ImOJr g§ñWm - Oem ~±H$m,
10.8.2 {ejUmVrb {dñVmamgmR>r _yb^yV gmoB©gw{dYm§Mm H$mnm}aeo Ýg Am{U Y_m©Xm` g§ñWm§Mmhr emoY amÁ`mH$Sy>Z
A§ e V: AWdm g§ n y U © gm_m{OH$ gh^mJmÀ`m KoVbm OmB©b.
eŠ`meŠ`VoMm emoY amÁ`mH$Sy>Z KoVbm OmB©b. AWdm
embo` doiìo `{V[aŠV `wdH$m§Zm Ë`mgma»`m H$maUm§gmR>r - S>m°. C. Xo. àYmZ
à{e{jV Ho$bo OmD$ eHo$b. EOÝgr AWdm emimgwÕm



Aem gmYZgm_J«rMm dmna H$ê$Z KoD$ eH$Vrb.
embo ` _mb_Îmo À `m gw a jo g mR>r d _y b ^y V

{ejU g§H$« _U
10
Am°JñQ> 2010

 n`m©daU ajUmV "~m`moJ°g'Mo _hÎd
{_WoZMm ^mJ à_wI AgVmo. hm dm`y Eb.nr.Or. J°ggmaIm
B§YZmÀ`m g_ñ`obm "~m`moJ°g' hm EH$ n`m©` KmVH$ ñdê$nmMm Zmhr.
Amho. Ago A{YH$m{YH$ n`m©` emoYUo hr ^maVmgma»`m IoS>çmVrb ^mJmV eoU hm EH$ O¡{dH$
H$mimMr JaO Amho. nXmW© _moR>çm à_mUmda CnbãY Amho. åhUyZ ^maVmV
~m`moJ°gbm Jmo~aJ°g Agohr Zmd àM{bV Amho. EH$ {H$bmo
eoUmnmgyZ 1.3 KZ\y$Q> J°g {_iVmo. EH$ OZmda amoO gamgar
AmO OmJ{VH$ ~mOmanoR>Vo H«$w S>Vbo mMo Xa ^S>H$ë`mZo Xhm {H$bmo eoU XoVo. `mMm AW© àË`oH$ OZmdamnmgyZ 13
noQ´>mob, {S>Pob, am°Ho$b, J°g `m§Mr qH$_V {Xdg|{Xdg dmT>VM KZ\y$Q> J°g {_iy eH$Vmo. EH$m _mUgmMr amoOMr B§YZmMr JaO
OmUma, ho {ZpíMVM Amho. H${Zð> d _Ü`_ dJm©bm hr qH$_V Amho 8 Vo 10 KZ\y$Q> åhUOoM 5/6 _mUgm§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mgmR>r
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dJ© B§YZmgmR>r bmHy$S> \$mQ>çmdaM Adb§~yZ Amho. `m_wio H$_r Amho VoWo `m nyaH$ Jmoï>r dmnaVm `oD$ eH$VmV.
d¥jVmoS> Va hmoV AmhoM; na§Vw pñÌ`m§dahr `mMo AZoH$ Xþîn[aUm_ `m ~m`moJ°g ßb±Q>H$S>o (g`§Ì) àm_w»`mZo EH$ n`m©`r
hmoV AmhoV. B§YZ Jmoim H$aÊ`mgm pñÌ`m§Zm {Xdg^a AZoH$ B§YZ gmYZ åhUyZM nm{hbo OmVo. _mÌ `mnmgyZ CÎm_ àH$maMo
àH$maMo YmoHo$ nËH$ê$Z amZmo_mi ^Q>H$mdo bmJV Amho. ho IVhr {_iVo. ~m`moJg° Mr à{H«$`m Pmë`mda ~mhoa `oUmam eoUmMm
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nrVM Amnbm ñd`§nmH$ H$aV AmhoV. {nH$m§À`m dmT>rbm \$ma Mm§Jbm Cn`moJ hmoVmo. Jm§Sy>i IV
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~m`moJ°g `m B§YZ n`m©`mMm nwÝhm EH$Xm Jm§^r`m©Zo {dMma H$amdm IV d ñdÀN>Vm Agm {Vhoar bm^ XoUmar dñVy Amho.
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Amho. ~m`moJ°g ho Iao AZoH$ dm`yMo {_lU Amho. nU Ë`mV

{ejU g§H$« _U
11
Am°JñQ> 2010

KoD$Z VËH$mbrZ n§VàYmZ B§{Xam Jm§YtZr Anma§nm[aH$ D$Om© _hÎdmMo Amho. àË`oH$ IoS>çmVrb KamKam_Ü`o OmD$Z/JmdmoJmd
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{H$Ë`oH$ Va ~m§Yë`mnmgyZ MmbyM Pmbobo ZmhrV. VgoM H$mhr emim, {dÚmb`o, H$m°boO, Jmd nmVirda ñd`§godr g§KQ>Zm
em¡Mmb`m§Mrhr AerM AdñWm Amho. _§S>io `m§À`m_m\©$V CX²~moYZ H$ê$Z, Ë`mMo _hÎd nQ>dyZ XoD$Z
`m dñVwpñWVr_wio Zì`mZo H$moUrhr ~m`moJg° ßb±Q> (g§`Ì) g_mOmVrb gd© ñVamVrb OZg_wXm`m_Ü`o `m ~m`moJ°g
~m§YyZ Úm`bm CËgwH$ Zmhr. ~m`moJ°g H$mhr H$m_mMm Zmhr (Jmo~aJ°g) ßb±Q>~Ôb OmUrdOmJ¥Vr {dH${gV H$aUo AË`§V
Agm {eŠH$m nSy>Z Jobm Amho. Amdí`H$ Amho. VaM B§YZmMr g_ñ`m gwQ>y eHo$b `mV {Vi_mÌ
IoS>çmVrb àË`oH$ eoVH$è`mÀ`m Kar Jm`, åh¡g, ~¡b e§H$m Zmhr.
BË`mXr nmird àmUr (Jwao) gm§^miUo JaOoMo Amho. àË`oH$mÀ`m - àm. lr. YZmdS>o {Xbrn {d.
Kar Jmo~aJ°g ßb±Q>bm OmoSy>ZM em¡Mmb` ~m§YUohr {VVHo$M

{ejU joÌmVbm hanbobm {ham

(Xþ:IX {ZYZ {X. 8 OyZ 2010)

AmXaUr` H¡$. S>m°. ho_bVm nmagZrg `m§À`m ñ_¥Vrg {dZ_« A{^dmXZ !
Vw_Mo H$V©Ë¥ d OmUdVo Zì`mZo, _Z ^ê$Z `oVo AmR>dUrZo
Vw_Mr {M{H$ËgH$ d¥Îmr, Vw_Mr {eñV, Vw_Mm g„m,
~aoM H$mhr {XboV Vwåhr Amåhmbm
{ejUmVrb kmZaMZmdmX Vwåhr AmUbmV àH$memV
~aoM H$mhr {eH$dboV H$_rV H$_r eãXm§V
^mamdyZ Jobmo AmhmoV Amåhr AmXamZo
{dñ_aU Ho$di AeŠ` !
_hmamîQ´> amÁ` _mÜ`{_H$ d Cƒ _mÜ`{_H$ {ejU _§S>i, nwUo

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12
Am°JñQ> 2010

 ~XbË`m H$mimVrb `wdH$m§gmR>r
nmbH$m§Mr ^y{_H$m
Amho. VéUdJ© Zï> hmoV Mmbbobm Amho, VéUm§_Ü`o `m amoJm§Mr
"`wdH$" KS>{dÊ`mgmR>r nmbH$, {ejH$ d bmJU OmñV Pmbobr Amho. ^maVm_Yrb d` df} 20 Vo 40
g_mO `m§Zr Amnë`m ^y{_Ho$H$S>o "A§V_w©I'
`m d`m_Yrb VéUm§Mo à_mU gdm©V OmñV Amho. b¢{JH$ g§~§Y
hmodyZ nhmUo JaOoMo Amho.
ho EM.Am`.ìhr. g§gJm©Mo à_wI H$maU Amho Am{U EImÚm
dUì`mgmaIm `mMm àgma Amnë`m Xoem_Ü`o hmoV Amho. `mda
Amnë`m Xoem_Ü`o Xa XrS> goH§$Xmbm EH$ ~mbH$ H$moUVrhr bg qH$dm Cnm` Zmhr Am{U åhUyZ ho Hw$R>§Var
OÝ_mbm `oVo, åhUOo {_{ZQ>mbm 40 Va `mà_mUo EH$m dfm©V
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2,07,36000 ~mbHo$ OÝ_ KoVmV. åhUOo Xadfu ^maV EH$
à{V~§YmË_H$ Cnm` `mda Amnë`mbm ^a {Xbm nm{hOo.
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gdmªV _hÎdmMo C{Ôï> åhUOo Amnë`m VéU {nT>rbm
àË`oH$ {Vgao ~mbH$ ho ^maVr` AgVo. åhUOo n{hbr XmoZ BVa
`m dmT>Ë`m g§H$Q>mMr OmUrd H$ê$Z XoUo ho OéarMo Amho åhUOo
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Vo {ZamoJr OrdZnÕVr AmMaUmV AmUVrb. EM.Am`.ìhr./
nwÝhm ghmdo ~mbH$ ^maVr`M AgVo. Aem nÕVrZo ^maVmMr
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bmoH$g§»`m BVH$s PnmQ>çmZo dmT>V Mmbbobr Amho; na§Vw
OdiMm g§~§Y Amho åhUyZM _mZdr b¢{JH$Vo{df`r _m{hVr
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nwadUo AË`§V JaOoMo Amho Am{U ho H$m_ Amnë`mgma»`m
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g_mOmVrb àË`oH$ gwk nmbH$m§Mo Amho.
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A§XmOo XaamoO 16,000 ZdrZ bmoH$m§Zm EM.Am`.ìhr.
Am{U Amnë`m XoemMo gd©M ~mOyZo ZwH$gmZ hmoV Mmbbobo
g§gJ© hmoVmo Am{U Ë`mn¡H$s 7,000 bmoH$ ho d` df} 15 Vo 40
Amho Am{U ho amoIÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm {Z`§{ÌV H$aÊ`mgmR>r
d`moJQ>mV AmT>iVmV. AWm©V ho d`moJQ> åhUOo d`mV `oÊ`mMr
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d`mV `oUmao ~Xb KS>VmV.
nmiÊ`mV `oVmo.
nm¡J§S>mdñWm hm Am`wî`mVrb A{Ve` _mohH$, ^wai
ho gd© à`ËZ gwê$ AgVmZmM XoemVrb bmoH$m§Zm
KmbUmam H$mi Amho d `m d`mV namdb§~r _wbmMo EH$m
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ñdmdb§~r H$m`©erb àm¡T>m_Ü`o ê$nm§Va hmoVo. gd© g§~§{YV
Amho. AemVM H°$Ýga, j`, _Yw_oh, {MHw$ZJw{Z`m, S>|½`y d
ì`ŠVt_Ü`o `m H$mim_wio ^mdZm§Mm Jw§Vm dmT>Vmo, AmB©-dS>rb
ES>g²gma»`m ZdZdrZ amoJm§Zm gm_moao Omdo bmJV Amho Am{U
d _wbm§À`mV dmX hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm dmT>V.o na§Vw hëbrMo g§emoYZ
Amnë`m bmoH$g§»`on¡H$s 30% bmoH$ 10 Vo 24 df} `m
Ago gm§JVo H$s nwîH$iem _wbm§Zm Ë`m§Mo AmB©-dS>rb AmdS>VmV
d`moJQ>mVrb VéU AmhoV. na§Vw Xþ:I `mM§ Amho H$s AmO ES>g²
d Ë`m§À`mer Ë`m§Mo Mm§Jbo O_Vo. ho Oar Iao Agbo Var
`m amoJm_wio ^maVmMo ^{dî` KS>dUmar hr VéUmB© g§nV Mmbbr

{ejU g§H$« _U
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Am°JñQ> 2010

nm¡J§S>mdñWm hm H$R>rU H$mi _mZbm OmVmo. Ë`mMo _hÎdmMo Ë`mÀ`m~amo~a {_ÌËdmMo ZmVo OmoSy>Z Amnë`m _wbmer OdirH$
H$maU Ago H$s, hm EH$ ñdV:Mr AmoiI nQ>dyZ XoÊ`mMm H$mi Ho$br nm{hOo. AmB©Zo Amnë`m _wbmbm hmoUmè`m ~Xbm{df`r
AgyZ `mdoir Vr YS> _wbo ZgVmV qH$dm àm¡T>hr ZgVmV. WmoS>rer Cn`wŠV _m{hVr gm§JyZ ñdV:À`m ñdÀN>Vo{df`r
Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Mm IynM Jm|Yi CS>Vmo. H$mhr doir Vr ñdV:bm _mJ©Xe©Z H$amdo.
Iyn _moR>o Pmbo Ago g_OyZ _moR>çm§À`m ghdmgmV amhÿZ YmS>gr nmbH$, {ejH$ d g_mO `m§Mr ^y{_H$m
H$m_o H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmV. Va Xþgè`mM jUr g§H$Q>mÀ`m da Z_yX Ho$ë`mà_mUo nm¡J§S>mdñWo_Yrb _wbm, _wbt_Ü`o
doir Ë`m§Zm bhmZ Agë`mgmaIo dmQ>Vo Am{U AemVM hmoUmè`m gd© ~Xbm§Mo dU©Z AmnU dmMbo Amho. `m d`mV
Ë`m§À`m_Ü`o C§Mr dmT>Uo, ñZm`y§Mm {dH$mg hmoUo, H§$R> \w$Q>Uo, VéU _wbm§_Ü`o H$m_dmgZm OmJ¥V Pmë`m_wio Vr A{Ve` ApñWa
XmT>r {_em `oUo, _wbt_Ü`o _m{gH$ nmir `oUo, earamMr R>odU d CVmdir hmoVmV Ë`m_wio àm¡T> bmoH$m§Zm Vo doJio d XþamJ«hr
~XbUo, VméÊ`{n{Q>H$m d earaJ§Y {Z_m©U hmoUo, A§V:òmd d dmQ>VmV. Ë`m§Mr dmJUyH$ bhar hmoVo d OmñV ^mdZmerb
emar[aH$ ~Xb H$mhr g§àoaH$m§_wio KSy>Z `oVmV. VgoM ñdV§Ì hmoVmV. H$moUË`mhr EH$m {df`mda XrK©H$mi bj H|${ÐV H$aUo
d¥Îmr, ñdËdmMr à{V_m, {dMma H$aÊ`mMr nÕV, ào_ d H$R>rU OmVo. H$Yr-H$Yr emioVrb àJVrdahr Ë`mMm n[aUm_
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g_mOmVrb ZdrZ Jmoï>r {eH$Uo, ZdrZ O~m~Xmè`m ñdrH$maUo Aä`mgmH$S>o WmoS>o Xþb©j hmoVo. OmñV emar[aH$ hmbMmbtgmR>r
d Ë`m nma nmS>Uo, gd§JS>çm§Mm {dMmam§Mm JQ> V`ma H$aUo d ~mñHo$Q>~m°b, nmohUo Aem Ioim§_Ü`o Vo AmnmoAmn diVmV.
Ë`mà_mUo doe^yfm d Ho$e^yfm `m§Mo AZwH$aU H$aUo, ^oQ>rJmR>r, VéU _wbr gwIñdßZmV X§J hmoD$ bmJVmV. Ë`m_wio {VMogwÕm
gmd©O{ZH$ _§S>io ñWmnZ H$aUo d Ë`m_Ü`o {h[aarZo ^mJ KoUo bj XþgarH$S>o diVo. XmoKm§_Ü`ohr ñdmdb§~r d ñdV§Ì
Aem gm_m{OH$ ~Xbm§Mmhr `m_Ü`o g_mdoe AgVmo. `mM ì`pŠV_ÎdmMr OmUrd {Z_m©U hmoD$ bmJVo. Ë`m_wio Vo Ka d
d`m_Ü`o {dMmamV IynM \$aH$ AmT>iVmo Am{U ~è`mM doir Hw$Qw>§~mnmgyZ ^md{ZH$ÑîQ>çm Xÿa OmVmV Am{U Ë`m_wio dada
XmoKho r EH$_oH$m§À`m _Vm§er gh_V Zgë`mZo dmX{ddmXhr hmoVmV. Ago dmQ>Vo H$s, Vo d Ë`m§Mo nmbH$ `m§À`mV H$moUVmhr gwg§dmX
AbrH$S>À`m ZdZdrZ {dkmZ Am{U V§ÌkmZmÀ`m amhV Zmhr.
emoYm§Mm n[aUm_hr `m VéU {nT>rda hmoVmo. {_Ìm§À`m ~amo~arZo Ia§ åhQ>bo Va hm dmT>rVrb EH$ _hÎdmMm H$mi Amho.
JwQ>Im, {gJmaoQ>, _ÚnmZ KoD$Z ~mB©H$ qH$dm _moQ>marVyZ ^Q>H$Uo, Voìhm nmbH$m§Zr A{Ve` g_OwVXmanUm XmIdÊ`mMr JaO
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AmT>iVo Am{U `mVM H$mhr VéU ì`gZmYrZVoH$S>o PwH$VmV. Ë`m§Zm Pmbr nm{hOo d nm¡J§S>mdñWoVrb dmJUyH$ åhUOo _wbm§Mr
A_Š`m V_Š`mMm _wbJm qH$dm _wbJr åhUyZ AmoiI H$ê$Z ~§S>Imoar Amho Ago nmbH$m§Zr g_Oy Z`o.
XoÊ`mnojm ñdV:Mr AmoiI OJmbm ìhmdr Ago Ë`m§Zm dmQ>V b¢{JH$Vm d nañna g§~§Y `m{df`r _wbm§Mo d VéUm§Mo
AgVo Am{U ho gd© YmS>g H$aÊ`mMr eŠVr {_iVo Vr åhUOo {ejU bhmZnUmnmgyZM Ë`m§À`m dmT>r~amo~a hmoV AgVo Am{U
Q>rìhrÀ`m Aíbrb dm{hÝ`m§ H $Sy > Z qH$dm Mw H $sÀ`m åhUyZM b¢{JH$ Amamo½` {ejU ho nmbH$, Amamo½` H$_©Mmar,
àgma_mÜ`_m§H$Sy>Z. _J Aemdoir AmB©-d{S>bm§Zm Amnbo _hÎd gm_m{OH$ H$m`©H$V}, g_wnXoeH$ `m§Mr g§`wŠV O~m~Xmar Amho.
H$_r Pmë`mgmaIo dmQ>V.o dmX{ddmX hmoV AgVmV na§Vw VargwÕm S>mŠ° Q>am§gma»`m d¡ÚH$s` A{YH$mè`mMr `m O~m~XmarV _hÎdmMr
`m {R>H$mUr nmbH$m§Zr WmoS>rer Amnbr ^y{_H$m ~XbyZ ^y{_H$m Amho. b¢{JH$ Amamo½` {ejUm_wio _wbm§Zm EH$m ~mOybm

{ejU g§H$« _U
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Am°JñQ> 2010

Ë`m§À`m ñdV:À`m {dH${gV hmoUmè`m b¢{JH$Vo{df`r _moH$ionUm Úmdm d Ë`m {Xboë`m n¡emMr {dëhodmQ> Ë`mZo H$moUË`m nÕVrZo
d kmZ hmoÊ`mg _XV Pmbr nm{hOo VgoM XþgarH$S>o JwßVamoJ d bmdbr Amho `mMr _m{hVr nmbH$m§Zr doiÀ`m doiobm OmUyZ
ZH$mo Agbobr J^©YmaUm Q>miUo Ë`m§Zm eŠ` Pmbo nm{hOo. Ko U o JaOo M o Amho . AÝ`Wm Vo Jw Q > I m, {gJmao Q > qH$dm
Cn`wŠV b¢{JH$ Amamo½` {ejU ho _yë` {ejUm~amo~a OmoS>bo _ÚnmZmgma»`m ì`gZmYZrVoH$S>o {_Ìm§À`m ghdmgm_wio OmÊ`mMr
Jobo nm{hOo. eŠ`Vm AgVo. Ë`m§Mo {_Ì, _¡ÌrU ho `mo½` g§ñH$maj_ AmhoV
Amnë`mbm Ago dmQ>ob H$s AmnU d`mV `oVmZm H$m, ho nmbH$m§Zr doimodoir nm{hbo nm{hOo. _wbm§Zm Ë`m§À`m
Amnë`mbm H$moUrM ho {ejU {Xbo Zmhr _J AmVmM Ë`mMr d{S>bm§Zr hmoUmè`m ~Xbm{df`r `mo½` Vo _mJ©Xe©Z VgoM AmB©Zo
JaO H$m` ? b¢{JH$Vo{df`r H$moRy>Z Var _m{hVr {_iVoM Zm ? _wbtZm ñdÀN>VMo o _hÎd Am{U ~Xbm{df`r nyU© _m{hVr gm§JUo.
Aem àH$maMm dmX{ddmX AmnU d Amnë`m OwÝ`m {nT>rgmR>r amÌr C{eamn`ªV {_Ìm§g_doV ^Q>H$y XoD$ Z`oV. _mo~mB©ëg,
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Aíbrb _m{bH$m, _m{gHo$, B§Q>aZoQ> d g_d`ñH$ {_Ì `m§À`m Amnë`m _wbmbm Amnbm {_Ì ~ZdyZ Ë`mbm Mm§Jbo _mJ©Xe©Z
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Z`o. bhmZnUmnmgyZM {eñV, Aä`mg d Z_«VMo r gd` bmdbr n§T>anya
nm{hOo. _wbm§Zr nm¡J§S>mdñWo_Ü`o Ë`m§À`mH$S>rb Agboë`m gd©



Jmoï>r g_OyZ KoD$Z Ë`m§Zm `mo½` Vo _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo nm{hOo. `mM
d`m_Ü`o nmbH$m§Zr Ë`m§Zm {Xbm OmUmam nm°H$o Q>_Zr `mo½` VodT>mM

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15
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16
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nU Amåhr IMyZ Z OmVm Am_Mo H$m_H$mO Mmby R>odbo.
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Am°JñQ> 2010

d¡{eîQ>>ço : {eH$dV ZmhrV. e¡j{UH$ gm{hË`mMm dmna `mMm C„oI
1. hm CnH«$_ àmW{_H$ {ejU Aä`mgH«$_ d nmR>çnwñVHo$ _wÔm_ H$amdm bmJob.
`mda AmYm[aV Amho. 1. AÜ``Z \$bH$ : ZdrZ g§ñWm `m§Mr AmoiI H$ê$Z
2. e¡j{UH$ dfm©V CnbãY Vm{gHo$_Ü`o H$m`m©pÝdV H$aVm XoÊ`mgmR>r gmVË`mZo ZOaog_moa R>odÊ`mgmR>r {Z`mo{OV
`oB©b Ago {Z`moOZ. nmR> ñdV:hÿZ dmMÊ`mg àd¥Îm H$aÊ`mgmR>r àoaUm
3. {ZdS>H$ CnH$aUm§Mm g_mdoe. \$bH$mMm Cn`moJ Pmbm.
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12. {Xboë`m CnH«$_mV AZw^dmZwgma ~Xb H$aÊ`mMo ñdmV§Í` {b{hVmV. Pmboë`m {df`mda {Q>H$_mH©$ H$aVmV.
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_wbm§_Ü`o {dídmg {Z_m©U hmoVmo. ~mB© H$mS>© H$Yr XoUma AÜ``ZmMr g§Yr {_iob.
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MmbZm {_iVo. OmUrdOmJ¥Vr hmoVo. XS>nU Zgë`mZo gm{hË`mÀ`m _XVrZo {dÚmÏ`mªZm H¥$Vr nyU© H$ê$Z AÜ``Z
_wbo _wŠVnUo {ejUmg gm_moao OmVmV. {ejH$mMr H$aVmV.
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1. J{UV H$monam (Maths Corner) : J{UV hm A_yV©
_wbm§àVr Agm CnH«$_ am~dbm Va H$moU åhUVo {ejH$

{ejU g§H$« _U
18
Am°JñQ> 2010

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H$monè`mVyZ {_iVo. `m_Ü`o Xe_mbm J{UVr Ioi, dOZo, dgmhV M_H$V Amho. Á`mà_mUo Kambm KanU XoUmar J¥{hUr
ZmUr, ZmoQ>m, KS>çmi, dOZH$mQ>m, \w$Q>nÅ>r, ^m¡{_VrH$ bmJVo VgoM eoVmbm IVnmUr KmbyZ eoV {nH$dUmam eoVH$ar
AmH$ma, à{VH¥$Vr `m§Mm dmna H$ê$Z J{UVmMr g§H$ënZm bmJVmo Ë`mà_mUo Amåhmbm _w»`mÜ`mnH$ bm^bo AmhoV. Amåhr
g_OyZ {Xbr. gd© {ejH$ ghH$mar _Z bmdyZ EH$OwQ>rZo H¥${Verb AÜ`mnZ
2. {dkmZ H$monam (Science Corner) : {MÌmMo MmQ>©, _wbm§n`ªV nmohmoMdy eH$bmo. _m.lr. dg§VamdOr nwaHo$, embo`
Mm§Jë`m gd`r, earamMo Ad`d MmQ>©, dZñnVrMo {ejU _§Ìr, _hmamîQ´> amÁ`, _w§~B© `m§À`m AmXoemZwgma H$m_
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dZñnVr, _mVrMo àH$ma, IS>H$mMo àH$ma, XJS>mMo àH$ma, àË`oH$ {df`mMo AÜ`mnZ H$em nÕVrZo H$amd`mMo ho
dOZH$mQ>m, \w$Jo, ½bmg, Mw§~H$, Vmn_mnH$ B. dñVy à{ejUmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ OmUyZ KoD$Z dmQ>Mmb Ho$br.
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3. H$bm, H$m`m©Zw^d H$monam : (Art Corner) a§JrV gm§{JVbr. Ë`m_wio Aä`mg H$aUo gmono Pmbo. ñd`§AÜ``ZmMr
_mVr, am§Jmoir, H$ba noÝgrb, {MÌm§Mr nwñVHo$, Ho«$n, gd` bmJbr. VgoM H$bm, H$m`m©Zw^d, em.{ejU gma»`m
H$mJX, nV§Jr H$mJX, H$mS>©{eQ>, AmoarJm_rMr nwñVHo$, {df`mVyZ {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m gwßV JwUm§Zm dmd {_imbm. _wbm§À`mV,
dV©_mZnÌo H$mJX `mgma»`m gm{hË`mMm dmna H$ê$Z {ejH$m§V CËgmh dmT>bm.
{d{dY H$mJXr dñVy, _wIdQ>,o H$mobmOH$m_, {edUH$m_, "bon' `m H$m`©H«$_m§VJ©V {d{dY ~Xb {XgyZ Ambo.
{dUH$m_, _mVH$m_, R>goH$m_ B.nmgyZ dñVy Ho$boë`m n[aga embo` q^Vr {MÌm§Zr gOy bmJë`m. gm{hË`H¥$Vr {Z_m©U
AmhoV. Pmë`m. n[anmR>mV gd© _wbo gh^mJr Pmbr.
4. {deof CnH«$_-dmMZ H$monam (Reading Corner): `m emioV am~V Agbobm CnH«$_ BVa àmW{_H$ emim§Zm
emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m dmT>{Xdgm{Z{_Îm Ë`m§À`m _mJ©Xe©H$, AmXe© hmoD$ bmJbm.
nmbH$m§H$Sy>Z {d{dY Jmoï>tMr nwñVHo$, g§ñH$ma_mbm, Wmoa "AmYr H$amdo H$îQ> _J MmImdo \$i' `mà_mUo Am_Mr
ì`ŠVtMr M[aÌo, `mgmaIr nwñVHo$ CnbãY H$ê$Z KoVbr. emim àoaUm hmoD$ nmhmV Amho, `mMm Amåhmbm gmW© A{^_mZ
`m_Ü`o eãXH$moS>r, àg§J{MÌo, ^m{fH$ Ioi, Aja dmQ>Vmo.
R>mHo $io, {d{dY àH$maMr H$mÌUo, eãXH$mS>,© dmŠ`H$mS>,© gw{dMma,
åhUr, g_mZmWu, {déÕmWu eãX, `m§Mm g§J«h H$aÊ`mV Ambm.
gm¡. gwYm YZ§O` gwVma
`m_wio {dÚmÏ`mªZm Adm§Va dmMZmMr gd` bmJbr. AmdS>rZwgma
Cn{e{jH$m, {O.n. emim,
{dÚmWu dmMZ H$aVmV.
gmd§Vnya, gm§Jbr
Z§XmXrn hm CnH«$_ Am_À`m emioV am~dë`m_wio
emioÀ`m {dÚmÏ`mªMm gdmªJrU {dH$mg hmoÊ`mg _XV Pmbr.

{ejU g§H$« _U
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Am°JñQ> 2010

 _mZ{gH$ Amamo½` ajU - H$mimMr JaO
{dÚmÏ`mª_Ü`o gH$mamË_H$ ÑpîQ>H$moZ {Z_m©U Ho$ë`mZo
gH$mamË_H$ {dMma éO{dë`mZo {dÚmÏ`mªMoM _mZ{gH$ Amamo½` {Q>Hy$Z amhÿ eH$Vo.
Zmhr Va gd© g_mOmMo Amamo½` gwÑT> ahmVo. "Nothing is impossible in the world
All is possible in the way of hardwork"
`m {dYmZmMr éOdUyH$ {dÚmÏ`mª_Ü`o H$aUo Amdí`H$
EH${dgmdo eVH$ _mZdr OrdZm_Ü`o EH$ AmìhmZ Amho. Amho. Voìhm {ejH$ dJm©Zo _mZ{gH$ Amamo½` hr g§H$ënZm
ZmZm àH$maMo àíZ Amnë`m `m g_mOmg ^oS>gmdV AmhoV Aä`mgUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
Am{U g_mO g§H$ënZoV AmOMm {dÚmWu CÚmMm ^mdr ZmJ[aH$ _mZ{gH$ Amamo½` (AW©) :
EH$ g_ñ`mJ«ñV àmUr åhUyZ dmdaV Amho. H$Yrhr Z g§nUmè`m 1. _mZdr _Z {ZamoJr Am{U {dH$gZerb R>odÊ`mÀ`m
H$moUË`mVar Jw§Ë`m_Ü`o hm {dÚmWu Jw§Vbobm {XgyZ `oV Amho. _mJm©Mm Aä`mg åhUOo _mZ{gH$ Amamo½` hmo`.
Ë`m§À`mg_moa Agboë`m AZmH$bZr`, A{ZamH$aUj_ g_ñ`m§Zr 2. _mZ{gH$ Amamo½` ho EH$ emñÌ Am{U H$bm H$s Á`m_Ü`o
doT>boë`m {dÚmÏ`m©Mo emar[aH$ Amamo½` CÎm_ AgUo Amdí`H$ _mZ{gH$ AñdmñÏ`mbm Q>miyZ, _mZ{gH$ ñdmñÏ`mMo
Amho. H$maU, ajU hmo`.
"Sound mind in sound body" _mZ{gH$ Amamo½` ajUmMr JaO :
"gwÑT> e[aamVM, gwÑT> _Z dmg H$aVo' ho H$mhr AgË` • d¡\$ë` {ZamH$aUmgmR>r
Zmhr. AmOMm {dÚmWu Cn^moJV Agbobr {ejU ì`dñWm • g§Kf© Q>miÊ`mgmR>r
dmT>Vr ~oamoOJmar, d¡Mm[aH$VoMm A^md, _mJ©Xe©ZmVrb • Z¡amí` d¥Îmr H$_r H$aÊ`mgmR>r
Agj_Vm, g_wnXoeZmMm A^md `mgma»`m AZoH$ H$maUm§Zr • Z¡{VH$ _yë`m§Mr éOdUyH$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r
{dÚmWu JQ>mMo _mZ{gH$ Amamo½`mMo ajU H$aÊ`m_Ü`o Ag_W©Vm • gH$mamË_H$Vm {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r
{XgyZ `oV Amho. hr eŠ`Vm ZmH$maVm `oV Zmhr. {dÚmÏ`m©Mm • g_ñ`m {ZamH$aUmgmR>r
AmXe©, Ë`mÀ`mg_moarb EH$ gH$mamË_H$ Am{U AmemdmXr, • ì`pŠV_Îd {dH$mg KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mgmR>r
AmYmaàdV©H$ ì`pŠV_Îd åhUOo {ejH$ hmo`. Voìhm {ejH$m§Zr • g_mOñdmñÏ` A~m{YV R>odÊ`mgmR>r
{dÚmWu OrdZm_Ü`o Amnbr Agbobr Ah{_`V AmoiIyZ • g_m`moOZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r
{dÚmWu gdmªJrU {dH$mg KS>dyZ AmUVmZm, Á`mà_mUo • ñdm{^_mZr d¥Îmr {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r
• {dÚmWu H$bmJwUm§Mm {dH$mgmgmR>r
Affective
• An`emda _mV H$aÊ`mgmR>r
• nwZé‚mrdZ KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mgmR>r
gdmªJrU
{dH$mg • OrdZ ì`mnH$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ {Z_m©U H$aUo
Cognative Psymotoer • AmXe© g_mO KQ>H$m§Mm {dH$mg H$aÊ`mgmR>r
`m àH$maMm {dH$mg KS>dyZ AmUUo {ejUmMo C{Ôï> darb AZoH$ KQ>H$m§gmR>r _mZ{gH$ Amamo½` OVZ H$aUo
Amho, Ë`mMà_mUo ^a^ŠH$_ AmYmañV§^ `m XoemgmR>r {Z_m©U hr AmO, CÚm Am{U ^{dî`mV ^oS>gmdUmar g_ñ`m Amho.
H$aÊ`mgmR>r {dÚmÏ`mªMm _mZ{gH$ Amamo½`mMo ajU H$aUo H$mimMr - àm. ìhr.Eg. H§$H$mio
JaO ~Zbr Amho. `mMo Ádb§V CXmhaU AmnUmg_moa Amho. A{Yì`m»`mVm
{dÚmÏ`mªZm narjoXaå`mZ Ambobo An`e _mZ{gH$ ñdmñÏ` Z_©Xm~mB© ~moS>Io AÜ`mnH$ _hm{dÚmb`, AH$mobm
{~KS>dy eH$Vo. åhUyZ {ejH$m§Zr {dÚmÏ`m©À`m _mZ{gH$



Amamo½`mÀ`m ajUmda ^a Úmdm.
{ejU g§H$« _U
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 g_mdo{eV {ejU - EH$ g§H$ën
{eH$dbo Jobo nm{hOo'' ho AmoiIyZ gd© {ejH$m§Mr O~m~Xmar
{ejU à{H«$`oV gd© {dÚmÏ`mªZm gh^mJr Amho. g_mdoeH$ {ejUmV {deof JaOm AgUmè`m An§J _wbm§Zm
H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm {dH$mgmMr g§Yr XoVo Vo - VrZ àH$maÀ`m godm nwadë`m OmVmV.
"g_mdo{eV {ejU' AË`mdí`H$ godm - CXm. dJ©{ejH$, nmbH$, dJ©{_Ì
gmhm`H$ godm - CXm. ldU`§Ì, Mî_o, H¥${Ì_ Ad`d,
MmH$mÀ`m IwÀ`mª, ~«b o a B.
""ì` ŠVr An§J ZgVmV Va An§J AgVmV A§eV: godm - CXm. godm^mdr, g_mOgodr g§ñWm, {Oëhm
nwZd©gZ H|$Ðo `m§À`m godm. g_mdo{eV {ejUmMr C{ÔîQ>ço
g_mOmÀ`m ZOam.'' JmR>Ê`mgmR>r OmñVrV OmñV g_mdoeH$ emim§Mr {Z{_©Vr hmoUo
{dH$bm§JVm åhUOo X¡dr emn Amho, nydO© Ý_rMo nmn Amho, Amdí`H$ Amho. Aem emim gm_mÝ` emiohZÿ {^Þ AgVmV.
Z{e~mMo ^moJ AmhoV, åhUyZ An§Jm§Zm Xþb{© jV H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mr ""g_mdoeH$ emim åhUOo Aer emim Or gm_mÝ`
AdhobZm H$ê$ Z`o. Ë`m§Zm _yb^yV gw{dYm, gm_m{OH$ gwa{jVVm {dÚmÏ`mª~amo~aM {deof JaOm AgUmè`m {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m {ejUmMm
d _mZdr hŠH$mnmgyZ d§{MV R>do y Z`o. Ë`mg g_mOmMm ^ma {dMma H$aVo, Or g§nUy © {ejU ì`dñWoÛmao {deof JaOm AgUmè`m
Am{U Am{W©H$ {dH$mgmMm AS>ga Ago _mZy Z`o. Vmo EH$ CËnmXH$ {dÚmÏ`mªZm Ë`m§À`m JaOm§Zgw ma gd©gm_mÝ` {ejU `moOZoV gh^mJr
hmoD$Z gm_m{OH$ {dH$mgmMr Am{W©H$ Ywam nobdUmam EH$ O~m~Xma H$ê$Z KoV.o gd© _wbm§Zm {ejUmMr g_mZ g§Yr, g_mZ hŠH$
KQ>H$ KS>dUo hr AmOÀ`m H$mimMr JaO Amho. `mgmR>r g_mdo{eV àmßV H$ê$Z XoV.o {ejU à{H«$`oV gd© {dÚmÏ`mªZm gh^mJr H$ê$Z
{ejU - EH$ g§H$ënM H$amdm bmJob. Ë`m§Zm {dH$mgmMr g§Yr XoV.o `m emioV AÜ`mnZmnojm AÜ``Zmbm
àË`oH$ An§JmÀ`m g_moa gwà{gÕ Pmboë`m {dH$bm§J OmñV _hÎd {Xbo OmVo.''
ì`ŠVrMm AmXe© R>do mdm. CXm. H$dr gwaXmg, amUm g§Jm, bwB© g_mdoeH$ emioMo ñdê$n -
~«b o , Wm°_g E{S>gZ, pñQ>\$Z hm°qH$J, gwYm M§ÐZ, S>m.° hobZ 1. emioVrb àdoe -
Ho$ba Am{U _hmamOm aU{OV qgh BË`mXr Ë`mM~amo~a Ë`m§Zm g_mdoeH$ emioV H$moUË`mhr ~mbH$mbm àdoe ZmH$mabm
g_mdoeH$ {ejU Úmdo. OmV Zmhr VgoM {deof e¡j{UH$ JaOm AgUmè`m _wbm§Zm Ë`m§À`m
g_mdoeH$ {ejUmMr g§H$ënZm 1960 _Ü`o ~è`mM j_Vm, JaOm `m§Mm {dMma H$ê$Z àdoe {Xbm OmVmo.
Xoem§VZy ApñVËdmV Ambr. 1981 À`m "Am§VaamîQ´>r` An§J 2. AÜ`mnZ nÕVr -
dfm©' nmgyZ `m g§H$ënZog MmbZm {_iyZ àgma Pmbm. 1990 `m emioV {ejU nÕVr {dÚmWu H|${ÐV AgVo.
_Ü`o OmJ{VH$ ñVamdarb n[afX Wm`b§S>_Yrb Omo_{W`_ `oWo {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m j_Vm, JaOm, àdoe nmVir, Ë`m§Mr {eH$Ê`mMr
Pmbr. `m n[afXoV "g_mdoeH$ {ejUmMr JaO' `m {df`mda Amdí`H$Vm BË`mXrMm {dMma H$ê$Z e¡j{UH$ AmamIS>m dfm©À`m
MMm© hmoD$Z hr g§H$ënZm OmJ{VH$ ñVamda _m§S>Ê`mV Ambr. gwédmVrbm AmIbm OmVmo.
àË`oH$ _wbmbm Amnë`m JaOoZgw ma OdiÀ`m emioV {dÚmÏ`mªMr JaO bjmV KoD$Z {df`mZwê$n AÜ`mnZ
Amnë`m ghH$mè`m~amo~a {eH$Ê`mMm hŠH$ Amho, hr ~m~ bjmV nÕVrV ~Xb Ho$bm OmVmo. CXm. A§Y _wbm§gmR>r {MÌH$m_,
R>do Zy g_mdoeH$ {ejUmMr ì`m»`m nwT>rbà_mUo Ho$br Amho. a§JH$m_mEodOr doVH$m_, {dUH$m_ {eH$dbo OmVo.
""g§nUy © {ejU ì`dñWoÛmao {deof e¡j{UH$ JaOm AgUmè`m 3. bd{MH$ Aä`mgH«$_ -
{dÚmÏ`mªZm, Ë`m§À`m JaOm§Zwgma gd©gm_mÝ` {ejU `moOZoV {deof JaOm AgUmè`m _wbm§À`m j_Vm d JaOm bjmV
gh^mJr H$ê$Z KoUo åhUOo g_mdoeH$ {ejU hmo`.'' KoD$Z {ejU nÕVrV bd{MH$Vm AmUbr OmVo. CXm. _{V_§X
""g_mdoeZ åhUOo {ejU nÕVrÀ`m _w»` YmaoV gdmªMm _wbm§À`m Aä`mgH«$_mV Ë`m§À`m ~wÕçm§H$mZwgma ~Xb Ho$bm OmVmo.
ñdrH$ma, Ë`m gdmªZm {eH$dVmZm gm_mÝ` {ejUmÀ`m Mm¡H$Q>rV H$U©~{Ya {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m ^mfoMm {dH$mg Pmbm Zgob d
{ejU g§H$« _U
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Amdí`H$VoZgw ma Ë`mM B`Îmog ~gÊ`mMr gdbV {Xbr OmVo. ì`dgm`mMr {ZdS> H$aUo d Ë`mZwgma à{ejU XoU.o
~m¡{ÕH$ H$m¡eë` {eH$dÊ`mnojm ñdmdb§~ZmMo H$m¡eë` g_mdoeH$ {ejUmMo _hÎd -
{eH$dÊ`mda ^a {Xbm OmVmo. 1. g_mdoeH$ {ejUmV àË`oH$ H$m`m©V An§Jm§Zm g_m{dï>
4. ^m¡{VH$ gw{dYm - hmoÊ`mMr g_mZ g§Yr {_iob.
g_mdoeH$ emioV {deof JaOm AgUmè`m _wbm§Zm, ghO, 2. àË`oH$ An§Jmbm Ë`mÀ`m AmdS>rÀ`m, gmo`rÀ`m emioV
gwb^, dmnaVm `oBb © Ago B_maVr_Ü`o, \${Z©Ma_Ü`o H$mhr ~Xb OmÊ`mMr gw{dYm àmßV hmoBb © .
JaOoZgw ma Ho$bo OmVmV. CXm. dJm©g C§~aR>o ZH$moV, {OÝ`meoOmar 3. An§Jm§Zm {ejU d ì`mdgm{`H$ {ejU {_imë`mZo Vmo
a°ån, àH$meì`dñWm, _wbm§gmR>r ~mH$, nmíMmË` nÕVrMo g_mOmMm Cn`moJr d CËnmXH$ KQ>H$ ~Zob.
ñdÀN>VmJ¥h, BË`mXr. An§J {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m d¡`pŠVH$ JaOoZgw ma 4. EH${ÌV {ejUm_wio IM© H$_r hmoBb © .
^m¡{VH$ gw{dYm nwadë`m OmVmV. CXm. A§Ym§gmR>r H$mim Mî_m, 5. An§J {ejU hm gd©gm_mÝ` {ejUmMm EH$ ^mJ ~Zob.
H$U©~{Yam§gmR>r ldU`§Ì, nm` Zgboë`m {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r Hw$~S>çm, 6. g_mOmMm gm_m{OH$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ ~XbÊ`mg _XV hmoBb © .
pìhb MoAa B. 7. g_mOmV An§Jm§Mo nwZd©gZ hmoÊ`mgmR>r _XV {_iob.
5. embo` dmVmdaU - 8. g_mOm_Ü`o An§Jm§Zm VmR> _mZoZo OJÊ`mMr àoaUm {_iob.
g_mdoeH$ emioVrb dmVmdaU {deof JaOm Agboë`m 9. An§Jm§Zm An§JËdmda _mV H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr {_idyZ XoVm
_wbm§gmR>r AZwH$y b AgVo. WmoS>Š`mV embo` dmVmdaU gd©M `oBb© .
{dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ {Z_m©U Ho$bo OmVo. `mgmR>r g_mdoeH$ {ejUmMm àMma d àgma _moR>çm
g_mdo{eV {ejUmMr C{ÔîQ>ço - à_mUmV hmoUo JaOoMo Amho. VoìhmM Imbrb n§ŠVr gË`mV
1. An§J {dÚmWu d Ë`m§À`m AmgnmgÀ`m n[agamVrb CVaVrb.
ì`ŠVrÀ`m _mZ{gH$Vo_Ü`o Amdí`H$ Vo ~Xb H$aUo. ""CJdbm {Xdg gmoÝ`mMm,
2. {dÚmÏ`mªMo _mZ{gH$, ^md{ZH$, d¡Mm[aH$ nwZd©gZ H$aUo. ^m½`mMm, Zì`m ZdgmMm
3. {dÚmÏ`mªMo emar[aH$ nwZd©gZ H$aUo. H$m`ÚmZo gd© g_mdoeH$ {ejU hmoUma
4. An§J _wbm§Zm gd©gm_mÝ` _wbm§À`m emioV àdoe XoD$Z An§J gm_mÝ` emioV OmUma
Ë`m§Zm {ejUmMr g§Yr CnbãY H$ê$Z XoU.o An§J gm_mÝ` ^mB©-^mB©
5. An§J _wbm§Zm BVa gm_mÝ` _wbm§à_mUo e¡j{UH$ dmVmdaU `mMm AW© Ü`mZr KoB©
CnbãY H$ê$Z XoU.o ho {dídM Ka hmoUma
6. An§J _wbm§Zm BVa gm_mÝ` _wbm§à_mUo g_mOmMm EH$ An§J gm_mÝ` emioV OmUma...''
O~m~Xma CËnmXH$ KQ>H$ åhUyZ OrdZ OJÊ`mg gj_ - àm. Ym`JwS>o ~mimgmho~ {dZm`H$amd
~ZdUo. E_.E.(_amR>r), E_.ES²>.S>r.Eg.E_.
7. An§JËdmMo àH$ma, Vrd«Vm bjmV KoD$Z Ë`mgmR>r `_wZm~mB© Jmoao AÜ`mnH$ {dÚmb`, _wê$S>, bmVya

{ejU g§H$« _U
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Am°JñQ> 2010

 {dÚmÏ`m©Zo Amnë`m AmB©-d{S>bm§À`m
H$V©¥ËdmMr OmUrd R>odVmZm...
_ZmV Šbof {Z_m©U hmoD$Z Amnbr _Z:pñWVr {~KS>dy Z`o,
AmB©, dS>rb, JwéOZ d g_mO `m§Mo AmnU `mMo ^mZ gVV R>odmdo. Amnë`m {_Ìn[adma H$gm Amho ?
"XoUo' bmJVmo. ho "XoUo' åhUOoM "§F$U' hmo`. H$Xm{MV Amnë`m {_Ìm{_Ìm§V H$mhr H$maUmdê$Z _V^oX
`m "F$UmMr' OmUrd R>odUo ho {dÚmÏ`mªMo hmoVrbhr, na§Vw _V^oXmMo ê$nm§Va Amnbr OrdZ`mÌm g§ndÊ`mV
H$V©ì` Amho. H$ê$ Z`o. AmB©-d{S>bm§Zr Amnbo AmVmn`ªV nmbZnmofZ Ho$boV,
AmB©À`m CXamV Agë`mnmgyZ Amnbr AË`§V H$V©ì`XjVoZo
H$miOr KoVbr, Zìho Va doiàg§Jr AZoH$ `mVZm ghZ Ho$ë`mV,
Amnë`m ^maV XoemÀ`m ^[dî`mMm doY KoVmZm, `mMr OmUrd {dÚmÏ`m©Zo R>odm`bm hdr, Zoh_r n[aUm_mMm
AmnU _hmgÎmoMo EH$ ñdßZ nmhÿ BpÀN>V AmhmoV. Ë`mgmR>r {dMma R>am`bm hdm.
OJmVrb {d{dY XoemMm {dMma H$aVm, ^maVmV `wdH$-`wdVtMr OoWo AmnU {dÚmb`mV {dkmZ à`moJemioV AZoH${dY
g§»`m {ZpíMVM OmñV Amho, ho AZoH$ OZJUZoÀ`m à`moJmVyZ à`moJ H$aVmo. à`moJ H$aVmZm gm{hË` dmnaVmo. H$mhr gm{hË`
{gÕ Pmbo Amho. AmOMm {dÚmWu CÚmMm ^mdr ZmJ[aH$ hmoUma amgm`{ZH$ A{^{H«$`oV gh^mJ KoVmZm {daKiVo Vo nwÝhm ñ\${Q>H$
ho àË`oH$ nmbH$mZo, emioZo, g_mOmZo J¥{hV Yabobo Amho. Ago ê$nmV AmUVm `oV Zmhr. VgoM Amnë`m OrdZmMo Amho. AmB©-
AgVmZm nmbH$ Amnë`m _wbm§Mr ~mbnUmnmgyZ Zìho Va dS>rb Amnbm nmoQ>Mm Jmoim dmT>dV AgVmZm Ë`mMo H$mhr
AmB©À`m CXamV ~mbH$mMm A§H$w a nmofV Agë`mnmgyZM H$miOr ~aodmB©Q> Pmbo Va Ë`m§À`m _Zmbm H$m` dmQ>ob ? `mMr Zoh_r
KoVmV. ~mbH$mMm OÝ_ Pmë`mZ§Va Omon`ªV ~mbH$mbm emim, OmUrd R>odm`bm hdr. AnKmV Zoh_rM KS>V AgVmV. Vo EH$
g_mO, ZmVodmB©H$ `m§Mr _m{hVr ZgVo, Vmon`ªV AmB©-dS>r>bM {ZË`mMoM Pmbo. Ë`mMr H$maUohr {d{dY AgVmV. na§Vw AmnU
Ë`mÀ`m AkmZmda nm§Kê$U KmbyZ Amnbo Hw$Qy>§~ hoM gd© {dœ {dÚmWuXeoV dmdaVmZm AnKmV hmoD$ Z`o `mgmR>r g§`_ R>odUo
Amho, Aer _ZmoYmaUm V`ma H$aVmV. nwT>o ~mbH$ _moR>o hmoVo ho Amnë`m {hVmMo {ZpíMVM Amho. ho {dgê$Z H$go Mmbob ?
Ë`mbm àW_ g_mO Z§Va emim `mMr _m{hVr hmoÊ`mMr AZw^yVr embo` OrdZ OJV AgVmZm Amnë`mbm H$_rA{YH$ JwU
{_iVo, Ë`m H$mbmdYrnmgyZ Vmo AmB©-d{S>bm§À`m _m`onmgyZ {_imbo Va Amnbm AmË_{dídmg H$m`_ amIÊ`mV `eñdr
Xya hmoD$Z g_mOmV nmD$b Q>mH$Vmo. ho nmD$b Q>mH$VmZm Vmo ìhmdo. AmnU Amnë`m Am`wî`mV Hw$UmMo Var XoU§ bmJVmo
g_mOmMo, emioMo {d{dY bhmZghmZ AZw^d Cn^moJVmo, Kar `mgmR>r AmnU Zoh_r F$UmVM amhmdo åhUOo _ZmV A{dMma
`oD$Z AmB©-d{S>bm§Zm Vmo gm§JVmo Ë`mVM Vmo _moR>m hmoV OmVmo, `oUma Zmhr, OrdZmMo gmW©H$ hmoB©b, `mV Vri_mÌ e§H$m Zmhr.
_moR>m hmoVmZm Ë`m {dÚmÏ`m©Zo Amnë`m AmB©-d{S>bm§Zr Amnbo Pmbo Vo {dgê$Z Om, nwÝhm _moR>çm C_oXrZo OrdZ OJm,
H$go nmbZ Ho$bo Agob `mMrhr OmUrd R>odm`bm hdr. AmnU AmË_{dídmg gVV VodV R>odm, EdT>oM !
AmB©-d{S>bm§Mo H$mhr XoUo bmJVmo, Ë`m{edm` AmnU g_mOmV,
emioV nmD$b R>odbobo Zmhr, Aer àIaVoZo OmUrd R>odm`bm - lr. VmJS> ~. Xm.
hdr. ~r.Eñgr., E_².ES²>., E_.{\$b
g_mOmV dmdaVmZm àË`oH$ ~m~tMm {dMma ìhm`bm hdm, _mÜ`. {ejH$, Ah_XZJa
emioVrb AZoH$ àg§Jm§Zm Ë`mbm Vm|S> Úmdo bmJUma Amho,



`mMr Ë`m§Zr {dMmanyd©H$ OmUrd R>odmdr. {H$aH$moi H$maUmdê$Z

{ejU g§H$« _U
23
Am°JñQ> 2010

 AmXe© doimnÌH$mMr aMZm
embo` ì`dñWmnZmVrb doimnÌH$mMo ñWmZ d JaO bjmV
{ejH$, Aä`mgmMm {df` Am{U dJ© `m KoD$Z H$miOrnydH© $ doimnÌH$ V`ma H$amdo bmJVo. doimnÌH$mMr
{VÝhr KQ>H$m§Mm nañnam§er _oi KmbyZ V`ma aMZm AmXe© H$er hmoB©b `mgmR>r Imbrb ~m~tMm {dMma
Ho$bobo ì`dñWm nÌH$ åhUOo doimnÌH$. H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.
1. AÜ`mnH$m§Mo H$m_mMo {d^mOZ :
OyZ _{hÝ`mnmgyZ ZdrZ e¡j{UH$ dfm©Mr gwédmV doimnÌH$ V`ma H$aVmZm emioVrb gd© {ejH$m§Zm g_mZ
H$m_ XoÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$amdm åhUOo H$moÊ`m EH$m
hmoVo. amÁ`mV gd©Ì `m _{hÝ`mVM emim gwê$ hmoVmV. e¡j{UH$
{ejH$mda {deof VmU nS>Uma Zmhr. {ejH$mMo H$m_mMo
dfm©Mr gwédmV åhQ>bo H$s, doJdoJù`m àH$maMo {Z`moOZ emiobm
{d^mOZ H$aVmZm Vmo Á`m {df`mMm nXdrYa Agob
H$amd§ bmJV§. Ë`m {Z`moOZm_Ü`o doimnÌH$ hm ^mJ AË`§V
Ë`m {df`mMo Vmg XoÊ`mV `mdoV. ghembo` H$m`©H«$_mMo
_hÎdmMm Amho. doimnÌH$ åhUOoM "emioM§ KS>çmi' Ago
{d^mOZ H$aVmZm Ë`mMr A{^éMr d Hw$dV {dMmamV
åhQ>bo OmVo. KS>çmù`mH$S>o nm{hbo H$s, Á`mà_mUo Amnë`mbm
KoÊ`mV `mdr.
{H$Vr dmObo ho g_OVo Ë`mà_mUo doimnÌH$mdê$Z H$moUË`m
2. {dÚmÏ`mªMr JaO bjmV KoUo :
dJm©V `m doiobm H$moUVm {df`, H$moUVo AÜ`mnH$ {eH$dV
doimnÌH$ V`ma H$aVmZm emioVrb àË`oH$ {dÚmÏ`m©Mr
AmhoV `mMm ~moY hmoVmo. `mMm AW© {ejH$, Aä`mgmMm {df`
JaO bjmV KoVbo Jobobr Amho Ago {Xgmdo. {deofV:
Am{U dJ© `m {VÝhr KQ>H$m§Mm nañnam§er _oi KmbyZ V`ma
ghembo` H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m ~m~VrV hr H$miOr A{YH$
Ho $ bo b r ì`dñWm XmIdUmao nÌH$ åhUOo do i mnÌH$.
KoVbr Omdr.
doimnÌH$m_wio emioMo ñWmZ d H$m`© H$iVo. doimnÌH$ hm
3. doimnÌH$mV {d{dYVm Agmdr :
emioMm Amagm Amho. Ë`mV embo` H$m`©H«$_mMo à{Vq~~ {XgVo.
H$m_mVrb ~Xb åhUOo {dlm§Vr Ago åhQ>bo OmVo.
doimnÌH$ Ago _mÜ`_ Amho H$s, Á`mV emioMr VmpÎdH$ ~¡R>H$
Aem {dlm§VrMr JaO {dÚmWu d {ejH$m§Zm AgVo.
{XgVo d _w»`mÜ`mnH$mMr ì`mdgm{`H$ j_Vm bjmV `oVo.
EH$mM {df`mÀ`m gbJ XmoZ Vm{gH$m {dÚmÏ`mªZm d
doimnÌH$mMr Amdí`H$Vm :
{ejH$m§Zm H§$Q>midmÊ`m hmoVmV. AWm©V {dkmZ,
doimnÌH$ ho EH$ gmYZ Amho. doimnÌH$m_wio emioMo
H$m`m©Zw^dgma»`m {df`mV àmË`{jH$ H$m_ _hÎdmMo
H$m_ A{YH$ {Z`moOZnyd©H$ d H$m`©j_VoZo hmoVo. gd© {dÚmÏ`mªZm
AgVo. Aem {df`m§Zm gbJ XmoZ Vm{gH$ Cn`wŠV
`mo½` d {d{dY e¡j{UH$ AZw^yVr nwadÊ`mg _XV hmoVo.
R>aVmV. H$R>rU {df`mZ§Va Ë`m _mZmZo gmonm qH$dm
doimnÌH$m_wio AÜ`mnZmbm {ZpíMV {Xem {_iVo. AÜ`mnH$mÀ`m
_Zmoa§OZ H$aUmè`m {df`mMr Vm{gH$m Agmdr. CXm.
H$m`©j_VoMr d doiMo r ~MV hmoV.o H$m_mMo {d^mOZ H$miOrnydH© $
J{UV d ^mfm `m§_Ü`o g§JrV, H$m`m©Z^w d qH$dm emar[aH$
H$aVm `oVo. åhUyZM {dÚmWu, {ejH$ d _w»`mÜ`mnH$ `m§À`m
{ejUmMr Vm{gH$m Agmdr. Aem àH$mao doimnÌH$mV
H$m_mbm A{YH$ JVr `oÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Mo H$m_ {Z`moOZnyd©H$ d
{d{dYVm Agmdr.
n[aUm_H$maH$ hmoÊ`mgmR>r doimnÌH$mMr JaO Amho. doimnÌH$
4. {dÚmWu d {ejH$m§Zm H§$Q>mim dmQ>Umao doimnÌH$ Zgmdo:
Oa gXmof V`ma Pmbo Agob Va Ë`mMm {dnarV n[aUm_
WH$dm d H§$Q>mim `m _mZ{gH$ à{H«$`m AmhoV. EH$mM
df©^amVrb e¡j{UH$ H$m_H$mOmda hmoD$Z n[aUm_r JwUdÎmoda
àH$maMo H$m_ H$mhr H$mi Ho$ë`mZ§Va {dÚmWu d {ejH$
Ë`mMm n[aUm_ hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm ZmH$maVm `oV Zmhr. åhUyZM

{ejU g§H$« _U
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Am°JñQ> 2010

 `m§Zm WH$dm `oD$Z H§$Q>mim `oD$ eH$Vmo. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Mo H$mR>rÊ` nmVirà_mUo H$_rA{YH$ doioÀ`m H$amì`mV.
H$m_mVrb bj H$_r hmoD$Z EH$mJ«Vm H$_r hmoV.o n[aUm_r Á`m Vm{gH$m OmñV doiÀ`m Ho$ë`m AgVrb Ë`mV
H$m_mMm doJ _§XmdVmo. ho Q>miÊ`mgmR>r Imbrb ~m~tMm H$R>rU {df` ~gdmdoV.
{dMma doimnÌH$mV Adí` ìhmdm. 7. AÜ`mnH$ CX²~moYZ :
1. {ejH$m§Zr AÜ`mnZ H$aVmZm e¡j{UH$ AZw^yVrV MMm©gÌmMm {dMma doimnÌH$mMr AmIUr H$aVmZm
{d{dYVm d {dnwbVm AmUmdr. EImÚm {Xder emioMo H$m_H$mO bdH$a g§ndyZ Caboë`m
2. Oo {df` {dÚmÏ`mªZ m H$R>rU dmQ>VmV Vo {df` doimV {ejH$m§Zm MMm© H$aÊ`mg àmoËgm{hV H$amdo. `m
doimnÌH$mV gwédmVrbm R>odmdoV. H$maU emim gwê$ MM}VyZ gd© {ejH$ EH${ÌV embo` {Z`moOZ H$ê$Z
hmoVmZm {dÚmWu CËgmhr AgVmV. _moR>çm gwÅ>rZ§Va Vo emioMo H$m_H$mO A{YH$ CR>mdXmanUo H$go hmoB©b Vo
WH$bobo AgVmV. åhUyZ Ë`m _mZmZo gmono dmQ>Umao nmhVrb. `mMm XoIrb Cn`moJ {dÚmÏ`mªZm hmoB©b.
{df` doimnÌH$mÀ`m Xþgè`m gÌmV R>odmdoV. 8. doimnÌH$ J{V_mZ Agmdo :
3. Vm{gHo$Mr doi R>adVmZm {dÚmÏ`m©Mo d`, emar[aH$ doimnÌH$mV VmR>anUm qH$dm OS>Ëd ZH$mo. Vo bd{MH$
j_Vm d F$Vy `m§Mm {dMma ìhmdm. bhmZ _wbm§Mr Agmdo. bd{MH$ doimnÌH$mZo J{V_mZVm `oVo. embo`
emar[aH$ j_Vm H$_r AgVo. Vo bdH$a WH$VmV åhUyZ doimnÌH$mV Amdí`H$ Voìhm ~Xb H$aVm `oVrb Ago
Ë`m§À`m Vm{gHo$Mr doi H$_r Agmdr. `mCbQ> _mÜ`{_H$ Agmdo. {d{dY {XZ, H$m`©H$« _ gmOao H$amd`mMo AgVrb
qH$dm Cƒ _mÜ`{_H$ dJm©Vrb {dÚmÏ`mªMr emar[aH$ Va Ë`m Ë`m {Xder doimnÌH$mV Amdí`H$ Vmo ~Xb
j_Vm OmñV Agë`mZo Ë`m dJm©À`m Vm{gH$m 40 Vo H$aVm `oB©b Aer doimnÌH$mMr _m§S>Ur Agmdr.
45 {_{ZQ>m§À`m Agë`m Var MmbVrb. VgoM embo` doimnÌH$ ho {d{dY Cn`moJmgmR>r V`ma
5. ñWm{ZH$ dmVmdaU {dMma : H$aÊ`mV `mdo. Vo Á`m {d{eï> Cn`moJmgmR>r V`ma Ho$bo Agob
emioMo doimnÌH$ V`ma H$aVmZm ñWm{ZH$ JaOm qH$dm Ë`m àH$mamV Ë`mMm g_mdoe H$amdm. CXm. àË`oH$ dJm©gmR>r
dmVmdaU bjmV KoUo JaOoMo Amho. emim Á`m n[agamV V`ma Ho$bobo dJ©dma doimnÌH$, àË`oH$ {ejH$mOdi Ë`mMm
Amho VoWrb CÝhmim, nmdgmim d {hdmim ho F$Vy {df`, dJ©, Vm{gH$m `m§Mo doimnÌH$ Agmdo. Ë`mM~amo~a
bjmV KoD$Z doimnÌH$mVrb gwQ>çm§Mo {Xdg Ë`mà_mUo [aH$må`m VmgmMo doimnÌH$, ghembo` H$m`©H«$_mMo doimnÌH$,
R>admdoV. emim S>m|Jami ^mJmV Agob Va AJXr ñdmÜ`m`mMo (J¥hnmR>) doimnÌH$ Aem {d{dY àH$maMo doimnÌH$
gH$mir emim ^adUo qH$dm g§Ü`mH$mir C{eamn`ªV V`ma Ho$ë`mZo df©^amVrb e¡j{UH$ H$m_H$mO gwairVnUo nma
MmbdUo `mo½` hmoUma Zmhr. H$moH$Umgma»`m ^mJmV nmS>Ê`mg _XV hmoB©b.
nmdgmim OmñV Agë`mZo nmdgmù`mMr gwÅ>r dmT>dVm EH§ $ XarV do i mnÌH$mMr AmXe© _m§ S > U r Ho $ ë`mg
`oB©b Va {dX^m©V CÝhmim OmñV Agë`mZo VoWo df©^amVrb AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$`m, {Z`mo{OV nmR>çH«$_,
CÝhmù`mMr gwÅ>r _moR>r XoUo JaOoMo Agob. AÜ``ZmZwdVu CnH«$_, ghembo` CnH«$_, _yë`_mnZ BË`mXr
6. Vm{gH$m§Mo ñdê$n : `m ~m~VrV C{Ôï>nyVuÀ`m {XeoZo `eñdrnUo dmQ>Mmb H$aUo
emio_Ü`o Ago H$mhr {df` AmhoV H$s, Ë`mg OmñV gwb^ hmoBb © .
doimÀ`m Vm{gHo$Mr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. Va H$mhr {df` - lr. EZ. E_. KmQ>dmbo
Ago AmhoV H$s Ë`mg H$_r doimÀ`m Vm{gH$m Agë`m gh{ejH$ {O.n.hm`ñHy$b, C_aJm
Var MmbVrb. åhUOoM emioMo doimnÌH$ V`ma H$aVmZm
gd© Vm{gH$m gma»`m doioÀ`m H$aÊ`mnojm {df`mÀ`m

{ejU g§H$« _U
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Am°JñQ> 2010

 hdoV nV§J H$gm CS>Vmo ?
amhÊ`mgmR>r hr gd© ~bo Zï> ìhm`bm hdrV qH$dm Ë`m§Zr EH$_oH$m§Zm
nV§Jmdarb "CËWmnH$' àoaUm hr "AmoT>' `m
"VmobZy ' Yabobo Agm`bm hdo !
àoaUoÀ`m ì`ñV à_mUmV ~XbVo. "AmoT>' H$_r
dñVyZ§ m AgUmè`m AmH$mam_wio Ë`m AWm©VM Ë`m§À`mVyZ
Pmbr H$s CËWmnH$ àoaUm OmñV hmoVo. dmhUmè`m hdoÀ`m àdmhmbm {damoY H$aVmV. `m {damoYmbmM AmoT>
nV§J hdonjo mhr dOZmbm OS> AgVmo. Vmo n¥ÏdrÀ`m qH$dm B§JO« rV "S´>J° ' Ago åhUVmV. Ë`m_wio nV§J {j{VOg_m§Va
{XeoV _mJo bmoQ>bm OmVmo. nV§Jmbm nwT>o T>H$bUmao ~b Agob VaM
JwéËdmH$f©Um_wio BVa OS> dñVyৠ_mUoM Imbr nS>m`bm nm{hOo.
Vmo pñWa amhrb. ho ~b nV§Jmbm ~m§Yboë`m Xmoè`m_wio {Z_m©U hmoV.o
nU nV§J Oa hdoV CS>Vmo. _J AWm©VM Agm àíZ {Z_m©U hmoVmo H$s
gJù`m dmVnU© dñVyZ§ m AmoT> VgoM CËWmnH$ àoaUm AgVo.
nV§J H$em_wio hdoV CSy> eH$Vmo ?
nV§Jmbm \$ŠV CËWmnH$ àoaUm Agm`bm hdr, AmoT> Agm`bm
d¡km{ZH$ÑîQ>çm nV§JmMo dJuH$aU "dmVnU©' (EAamo\$m°Bb© )
ZH$mo Ago Hw$Umghr dmQ>b o nU ho AeŠ` Amho H$maU AmoT>M
`m àH$mamV Ho$bo OmVo. Aer H$moUVrhr dñVy, Or hdoMm àdmh
CËWmnH$ àoaUobm {Z_m©U H$aVo. nV§JmMm AmH$ma Am{U dmè`mbm
~Xby eH$Vo qH$dm BVa {XeoV didy eH$Vo H$s Á`m_wio Ë`m
{damoY H$aUmar nV§JmMr pñWVrM Ë`mÀ`mda VgoM Imbr hdoÀ`m
dñVy^modVmbÀ`m hdoMm Xm~ EH$g_mZ Z amhVm Vmo ~XbVmo Ë`mbm
Xm~mV \$aH$ {Z_m©U H$aVo d CËWmnH$ àoaUm {Z_m©U hmoV.o
"dmVnU©' Ago åhUVmV. {d_mZmMo n§I, {eS>mMr OhmOo, n°ameyQ>,
nV§Jmdarb CËWmnH$ àoaUm hr AmoT> `m àoaUoÀ`m ì`ñV
nV§J `m gd© dñVy dmVnU© `m àH$mamV `oVmV.
à_mUmV ~XbVo. AmoT> H$_r Pmbr H$s CËWmnH$ àoaUm OmñV hmoV.o
hdm {VÀ`mVyZ OmUmè`m gd© ^m¡{VH$ Jmoï>tZm {damoY H$aVo.
nV§J V`ma H$aVmZm bjmV KoÊ`mMo _w»` VÎd åhUOo
hdoVZy AmnU hmV Oar {\$adbm Var Amnë`mbm hdoMm {damoY
CËWmnH$ àoaUm ^m{Jbo AmoT> ho JwUmoÎma dmT>bo nm{hOo. ho JwUmoÎma
OmUdy eH$Vmo. "dmVnU©' `m àH$maÀ`m dñVyZ§ m Aem VèhoZo AmH$ma
OmñV AgUmao nV§J hdoV C§M CS>VmV. Va ho JwUmoÎma H$_r AgUmao
d H$moZ {Xbobm AgVmo H$s hdoV AgVmZm Ë`m dñVy Ë`m§À`m
nV§J OmñV C§Mr JmRy> eH$V ZmhrV. Va CËWmnH$ àoaUonj o m AmoT> hr
^modVmbÀ`m hdoÀ`m àdmhmMr {Xem Ag_mZ[aË`m ~XbVmV. Ë`m_wio
àoaUm OmñV Agë`mg nV§J A{O~mV CSy> eH$Uma Zmhr.
Ë`m§À`m ^modVmbÀ`m hdoÀ`m Xm~mV \$aH$ {Z_m©U hmoVmo.
nV§JmMm AmH$ma qH$dm H$moZ Ë`mÀ`m ^modVmbÀ`m hdoÀ`m
àdmhmbm Ag_mZ[aË`m àdm{hV H$aVmo. nV§JmÀ`m daÀ`m ~mOydê$Z
OmUmar hdm Ë`mÀ`m ImbyZ dmhUmè`m hdoÀ`m VwbZoV OmñV doJmZo
dmhVo.
~aZmD$br `m d¡km{ZH$mÀ`m VÎdmZwgma hdoMm àdmh {OVŠ`m
doJmV dmhVmo, {VVH$m {VMm Xm~ H$_r hmoVmo. nV§JmÀ`m darb
~mOyMr hdm doJmZo dmhV Agë`mZo daÀ`m ~mOyMm hdoMm Xm~
Imbrb ~mOyÀ`m hdoÀ`m Xm~mnojm H$_r hmoVmo. nV§JmÀ`m ImbÀ`m
~mOybm AgUmam hdoMm OmñV Xm~ nV§Jmbm da T>H$bVmo d Ë`m_wio
nV§J hdoV Va§JVmo !
nV§Jmda "JwéËd' VgoM hdoÀ`m Xm~mVrb \$aH$m_wio {Z_m©U
nV§Jmbm da T>H$bUmar CËWmnH$ àoaUm, ImbÀ`m {XeoVrb
hmoUmar "CËWmnH$ àoaUm ({bâQ>) hr XmoZ ~bo H$m`© H$aVmV. nV§Jmbm
JwéËdr` àoaUm, dmè`m_wio {_iUmar AmoT> d Xmoè`mMm VmU hr gd©
JwéËdr` ~b Imbr IoMy ~KVo Va CËWmnH$ àoaUm nV§Jmbm daÀ`m
~bo Ooìhm EH$_oH$m§Zm VmobZy YaVmV VoìhmM nV§J hdoV "pñWa'
{XeoV T>H$byZ JwéËdr` àoaUobm {damoY H$aVo.'
amhVmo.
nV§JmdaVr EH$mM doigo Mma ~bo H$m`© H$arV AgVmV.
darb AmH¥$VrV nV§JmMr H$S>Mo r ~mOy \$ŠV {XgV Amho.
dmè`m_wio nV§Jmbm hmoUmam {damoY (S´>J° ) d Xmoè`m_wio nV§Jmda
(gmB©S> ìô`y)
nS>Umam VmU, nV§Jmbm Imbr IoMUmao JwéËd d daVr T>H$bUmar - {ddoH$ ^mboamd, Zm{eH$
CËWmnH$ àoaUm hrM Vr Mma ~bo hmoV. hdoV nV§J pñWanUo Va§JV

{ejU g§H$« _U
26
Am°JñQ> 2010

 {dÚmÏ`mªZm AZmd¥Îm nÌ
AM§{~V hmoD$Z åhUmbo, "Aao, _r àgÞ Pmbmo` VwÂ`mda
OrdZmVrb `emn`emMm ñdrH$ma Am{U Vy ho H$m` _mJVmog ?' Ë`mdoir AOw©Z åhUVmo, "Xodm,
gH$mamË_H$ Ñï>rZo g§H$Q>o {XbrV Va Vr H$er gmoS>dmdrV `mMr j_Vm _mÂ`mV
H$amdm. `oB©b. AmO g§H$Q>_wŠV H$aUmam lrH¥$îU Zgë`mMo OmUyZ
AOw©ZmgmaIo g§H$Q>o _mJÊ`mMr ^rVr dmQ>V Agbr Var
AmH$pñ_H$ Ambo ë `m g§ H $Q> m § Z m gm_mo a o OmÊ`mMr, Vr
g_mOOrdZmMr {ZH$mon, {Zam_` Am{U {ZamoJr gmoS>dÊ`mMr V`mar Agbr nm{hOo.
OS>UKS>U H$aÊ`mMr Am¡ n Mm[aH$ O~m~Xmar emim,
AmO emgZ Aä`mgH«$_ nwZa©MZoÀ`m V`marV Amho.
_hm{dÚmb`m§da AgyZ `m emim§VyZ CÚmMm gj_ ZmJ[aH$
na§Vw AmOMm Aä`mgH«$_ H$mhr `mdfu A§_b~OmdUrV
~ZUmam AmOMm {dÚmWu ñdV:Mo OrdZ g\$b d J{V_mZ
Ambobm ZgyZ _mJrb nmM Vo ghm dfmªnmgyZ Mmby Amho.
KS>dÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZmV jwëbH$ H$maUm§Zr {Zame hmoD$Z
Aä`mgH«$_, ñdmÜ`m`, J¥hnmR> d nyaH$ CnH«$_m§nojm AdmñVd
AmË_mhwVr XoÊ`mMo YmS>g H$aVmo Amho. H$ù`m \w$bÊ`mAmYrM
Anojm§M§ AmoP§ Vw_À`mda A{YH$ Pmb§` ho nmbH$m§Zm _mÝ`
MwaJiUmè`m ì`dñWoMm {YŠH$ma H$ê$Z gwOmU ~mbH$m§gmR>r
H$amd§ bmJob.
XmoZ eãX...
OrdZmM§ emídV gm¢X`© AZw^dÊ`mnydu H$modù`m
{à` {dÚmWu {_Ìm§Zmo,
H$ù`m IwS>Ê`mM§, A§Hw$amMm dQ>d¥j hmoÊ`mnyduM Vo N>mQ>Ê`mM§
Vw_À`m Xþ:ImMo, àíZm§Mo d doXZm§Mo `WmW© AmH$bZ
nmVH$ AdmñVd Am{U A{V_hÎdmH$m§joV XS>bob§ Amho. Vwåhr
Vw_À`m emim, _hm{dÚmb`m§Zm AWm©V {ejH$m§Zm {ZpíMVM
Vw_À`m j_Voà_mUo _mJ©ñW ìhm. Vw_Mo Vab, g§doXZerb
Amho. CÚmÀ`m J^m©Vrb gwImMo ahñ` ho dV©_mZmVrb H$mQ>oar
_Z qMVZerb ~Zdm. Am¡XmgrÝ` Ambo Var IMyZ Z OmVm
nm`dmQ>oVM AgVo, ho {dgê$Z H$go Mmbob ? _¥Ë`ybm
C_oXrZ§ OJÊ`mM§ ñdßZ ~miJm. JwU H$_r nS>bo Var kmZ
H$dQ>miÊ`mZo àíZ, g_ñ`m _wirM gwQ>V ZmhrV. CbQ> àíZ
H$_r hmoV ZgV§, narjoVrb JwU ho dfm©M§ _yë`_mnZ AgV§
A{YH$ O{Q>b ~ZVmV. AmO ñnY}À`m `wJmV Vw_À`m g_ñ`m
OrdZmM§ ZgV§. Agø hmoV Agboë`m Anojm§~Ôb YmS>gmZ§
gm_mÝ` Zgë`m Var Ë`m \$ma Jw§VmJw§VrÀ`m d Z gwQ>Ê`mgma»`m
~mobm`bm {eH$m.
H$R>rUhr ZmhrV. _mUgmbm jUmojUr, nXmonXr gwIXþ:ImMo
{_Ìhmo ! à`ËZmVyZ `emH$S>o OmÊ`mMm _mJ© ApñVËdmV
Oo J{hda `oVmV Vo g§`_mZo Hw$admiVm Ambo ZmhrV Va Vmo
Amho. Ë`m _mJm©dê$Z OmÊ`mMr {OÔ Vw_À`mV OmJmo, ñd`§^y
_mUyg H$gbm ? OrdZ åhUOo Ho$di gwImMm dñVwnmR> Zìho.
ApñVËdmMr OmUrd Vw_À`mV dmT>mo, OrdZmÀ`m _hmZ
OrdZmV g§H$Q>o, g_ñ`m qH$dm AS>MUr ZgVrb Va Vo OrdZ
àdmgmgmR>r Vwåhmbm ew^oÀN>m !
H$gbo? gwImMm A{VaoH$ {dfmnojmhr AmoIQ>m AgVmo, AWm©V
Xþ:I d AS>MUtMm S>m|Ja åhUOo XoIrb OrdZ ZgyZ, g_ñ`m
- XÎmmÌ` _R>nVr
gmoS>dÊ`mMo H$m¡eë` Ë`mgmR>r Ho$bobo à`ËZ åhUOo gwIr
gh{ejH$, {O.n.àm.em. IoS>H$admS>r,
OrdZ hmo`.
Zm§XoS>
^JdmZ lrH¥$îUmZo àgÞ hmoD$Z AOw©Zmbm BpÀN>V dñVy
_mJm`bm gm§{JVbo, Voìhm AOw©ZmZo g§H$Q>o _m{JVbr. lrH¥$îU

{ejU g§H$« _U
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 Vwåhr OJb§M nm{hOo... {dkmZ{Zð>m
_¥Ë`y OdiMm dmQy> bmJbm, Var Vwåhr _ê$ ZH$m & `m ~mim§Zmo ìhm gm_moao, {dkmZmMr H$mg Yam
_ohZV ¿`m WmoS>r {_Ìm§Zmo ! _mJo AmVm gê$ ZH$m &&Y¥&& A§YlÕm AZ² ~wdm~mOrbm PUr _ZmVyZ Xÿa H$am &&Y¥&&
AmB©-~m~m H$aVrbM Ë`m§À`m BÀN>m AmH$m§jm ì`ŠV da \o$H$bm XJS>, AmoT>r dgwYm Ë`mbm ñdV:H$S>o
Anojm§À`m AmoÂ`mImbr JwX_ê$Z Vwåhr X~y ZH$m &&1&& {dMma_§WZ H$ê$Zr gm§Jm, H$m` åhUmdo `m§g JS>o
^modVmbr _mUgo AgyZhr `m "O§JbmV' dmQ>ob EH$mH$s emoY bmJbm JwéËd~bmMm, Ý`yQ>Z `m§Zm gXm ñ_am &&1&&
N>§X bmdyZ ¿`m ñdV:bm EH$m§VmV Pwê$ ZH$m &&2&& bmoH$ _mZVr pñWa n¥Ïdr, ^mñH$a {\$ao VrO ^ŠVr
Aä`mg Am{U H$arAa gmo~V Agy Úm ^md{ZH$ {dH$mghr gm§Jm ~ao H$moU dXo `m, {ZgJ© {H«$`oMr CbQ>r {JZVr
Ord§VnUr AmH$m§jmÀ`m gaUmdaVr Oiy ZH$m &&3&& {Z{^©S> A°[añQ>m°Q>bbm, AmnU gd© Z_Z H$am &&2&&
g§Kf© hm Zm Q>ibm ao `m OrdZmV Hw$UmbmM aO{Zembm {MS>dyZ M_Ho$, EH$ Ðì` {ZemH$mir
Onm gmoZoar Am`wî` Vw_M§, H$moigm Ë`mMm H$ê$ ZH$m &&4&& ao{S>A_À`m OZZrMo Vwåhr, Zmd Agy Úm ao Odir
KoVbo _Zmda Va gwQ>Vrb àíZ MwQ>H$sgaer _mXm_ _oar Š`war Mo H$m`©, àH$me XoB© {díd§^am &&3&&
VwåhrM `m OJmMo "{gH§$Xa' Jmoï> hr {dgê$ ZH$m &&5&& Am{UH$ Jw{nVo XS>br AgVr, {ZgJm©À`m H$moR>mar
"OrdZ gw§Xa H$ê$Z OmB©b' BÀN>m _Zr ~miJm nwT>Vr `m AZ² hþS>Hy$Z H$mT>m, Jwé gm§JVr namonar
ñnîQ> gm§Jm Vw_Mo {dMma, A{dMmambm ~ir nSy> ZH$m &&6&& dMZo Ë`m§Mr _Zr R>odyZr, Zd emoYm§Mr CH$b H$am &&4&&
d¥j hmoVmV {ZînU© AZ² \w$Q>Vo _J nmbdr Aem \w$bm§Zr gOdbr Amho, {dkmZmMr am§Jmoir
"A§Hw$a' Vw_À`m OrdZmMm Vwåhr Agm IwSy> ZH$m &&7&& gwObm_², gw\$bm_² H$ar hr Yam, {Zð>m R>odm doimodoir
AS>Vrb gd© dmQ>m AZ² ~§X hmoVrb XadmOo dV©_mZ {Z ^{dî` Vw_Mo, {dkmZmZo `ed§V H$am&&5&&
emoY Vmo Zì`m _mJm©Mm Vwåhr _mÌ Wm§~dy ZH$m... &&8&& - à_moX nr. d§Omar
- Jmonmb d. ImS>o ~r.Eñgr., ~r.ES>.
g.{ejH$, {O.n.{dÚmb`, H$m_aJmd, dm{e_ g.{e, gañdVr {d. ~maìhm, O¡Vnya

{ZdoXZ
(dJ©UrXma / {ejH$m§gmR>r)
"{ejU g§H«$_U' _m{gH$mMr dm{f©H$ dJ©Ur _mÜ`{_H$ emim /H$. _. {dÚmc`o d BVa
g§ñWm§gmR>r é.150/-Amho. {ejH$, nmcH$ `m§À`mgmR>r gdcVrMr dJ©Ur é.120/- Amho. gd©
_mÝ`Vmàmá emim / H${ZîR> _hm{dÚmc`m§Zr Amncr dm{f©H$ dJ©Ur g{Md,_hmamï´> amÁ`
_mÜ`{_H$ d Cƒ _mÜ`{_H$ {ejU _§S>i, g.Z§.832 Ao, \$m`Zc ßcm°Q> Z§. 178 d 179,
~mc{MÌdmUr eoOmar, ^m§~wS>m©, {edmOrZJa, nwUo 411004 `m§À`m Zmdo _ZrAm°S>©a AWdm {S>_m§S>
S´>mâQ>Zo nmR>dmdr. _ZrAm°S>©a H$aVmZm _ZrAm°S>©a \$m°_©_Yrc _OHw$amgmR>r OmJm (Sender's
message) `m aH$mÝ`m_Ü`o (AmnUm§g Q>nmcmZo A§H$ nmR>{dÊ`mgmR>r) Amnco g§nyU© Zmd Am{U
OdiÀ`m IwUogh VgoM {nZH$moS>gh g§nyU© nÎmm gwdmÀ` AjamV Z_yX H$amdm.

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 ì`pŠV_ÎdmMm Zdm {dMma "~¥hX n§MKQ>H$'
g§kodê$Z Ago ñnï> hmoVo H$s, _Zmo^m¡{VH$ g§aMZm§Mo g§KQ>Z
n§M_hm^yVm§Zr Ogm "_mZdr Xoh' ~Zbm` Vgo
ì`ŠVrMo dV©Z à^m{dV H$aVo. ì`pŠV_ÎdmMr hr gd©g_mdoeH$Vm
n§MKQ>H$m§Zr ì`pŠV_Îd ~ZVo.
Xe©dUmar CnnÎmr åhUOoM "~¥hX n§MKQ>H$' (Big Five
Factor) hmo`.
"ì`pŠV_Îd' hm eãXà`moJ AmnU X¡Z{§ XZ OrdZmV _mZdr ì`pŠV_ÎdmMo Cƒ g§KQ>ZmË_H$ ñVa ñnï>
AJXr ghOnUo Am{U ~hþVoH$ doim {ZîH$miOrnUo dmnaV H$aÊ`mgmR>r ì`pŠV_ÎdmZo à_wI KQ>H$ qH$dm {dñVma `m§Mm
AgVmo. Ë`mV emñÌr` AWm©Mm A§V^m©d Šd{MVM AgVmo. Iao d¡km{ZH$ emoY åhUOo ì`pŠV_ÎdmMo "~¥hX n§MKQ>H$' hmo`.
nmhVm ì`pŠV_Îd hr g§km IynM ì`mnH$ Am{U Ë`m_wioM H$s (JmoëS>~J©, 1993) `m ì`pŠV_Îd à_wI nmM KQ>H$m§_Ü`o
H$m` g_Om`bm pŠbï>hr Amho. (åhUyZ AZoH$ ì`pŠV_Îd H$_r qH$dm A{YH$ à_mUmV ì`pŠV_ÎdmMr JwUd¡{eîQ>ço AmT>iZy
CnnÎmrVyZ AmnUmg ì`pŠV_Îd hr g§H$ënZm nyUmªemZo g_Obobr `oVmV Oo gd© ì`pŠV_Îd JwUm§Mr àmW{_H$ g§aMZm gmXa H$aÊ`mg
Zmhr.) Ë`m_wio OZ_mZgmV _mÌ hr g§H$ënZm IynM g§Hw${MV _XV H$aVmV. AmÎmmn`ªV AZoH$ _mZgemñÌkm§Zr ì`pŠV_ÎdmMr
AWm©Zo éT> Pmbobr {XgVo. H$mhtÀ`m _Vo ì`pŠV_Îd åhUOo aMZm ñnîQ> H$aVmZm AZoH$ Jm|Yi {Z_m©U H$aUmè`m aMZm
Ho$di Xoh`ï>r, Va H$mhtÀ`m _Vo gm¢X`© åhUOo ì`pŠV_Îd. gmXa Ho$ë`m, Á`m g§{X½Y d Jm|YimV Q>mH$Umè`m hmoË`m. nU
JwU AdJwUm§Mm EH${ÌV g§M åhUOo ì`pŠV_Îd Agmhr EH$ ì`pŠV_ÎdmMo ho nmM KQ>H$ AmÎmmn`ªV Pmbobo g§emoYZ d
AW© KoVbm OmVmo. Ë`mM~amo~a àgma_mÜ`_mV Va `m g§koMm CnnÎmtMm EH${ÌVnUo Cƒ g§H$ënZmË_H$ AmamIS>m gmXa
IynM MwH$sÀ`m AWm©Zo àgma hmoVmZm {XgVmo. nU ì`pŠV_Îd H$aVmV. `m n§MKQ>H$ JwUd¡{eîQ>çm§Zm "n§MKQ>H$ à{V_mZ' Agohr
`m g§ k o M m Iam emñÌr` AW© OmUyZ KoD $ `m. AZo H $ åhUVmV. (H$moñQ>m d _°H$H«$o , 1992) Am{U VgoM ì`pŠV_ÎdmMo
_mZgemñÌkm§Zr Amnë`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ ì`pŠV_ÎdmMr ì`m»`m "gmd©{ÌH$ KQ>H$' åhUyZhr AmoiIbo OmVmV. (agob d H°$amob,
H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bobm Amho. nU Am°bnmoQ>© (1937) `m§Mr 1994)
Imbrb ì`m»`m gd©g_mdoeH$ _mZbr OmVo. n§MKQ>H$ à{V_mZmg ì`pŠV_Îd _mZgemñÌmÀ`m
""ì`ŠVrMo n[apñWVrer d¡{eîQ>çnyU© g_m`moOZ {ZYm©[aV B{VhmgmV gd©g_mdoeH$, AZw^dOÝ` d g§emoYZmda AmYm[aV
H$aUmè`m _Zmoemar[aH$ àUmbrÀ`m J{Verb g§KQ>Zmbm {ZîH$fmªMr _mÝ`Vm Amho. _mZdr ì`pŠV_ÎdmMr aMZm d {VMr
ì`pŠV_Îd Ago åhUVmV.'' JwUd¡{eîQ>ço emoYUo ho _mZgemñÌmVrb EH$ à_wI Ü`o` Amho.
`m ì`m»`oVrb H$mhr g§km§Mo ñnï>rH$aU `oWo Amdí`H$ Ë`m_wio Jobr Mma XeHo$ AZoH$ g§emoYH$m§Zr `m nmM ì`mnH$
Amho. "J{Verb g§KQ>Z' hr g§km Ago gy{MV H$aVo H$s, KQ>H$m§Mm emoY Amnë`m g§emoYZmVyZ bmdbobo AmhoV. `m
ì`pŠV_Îd ho gVV {dH${gV hmoV AgVo, ~XbV AgVo, Vo g§emoYH$m§Zr ì`pŠV_Îdmg§X^m©Vrb gd© JwUm§Mm Aä`mg H$ê$Z
pñWa ZgVo, hr J{VerbVm AgyZhr, ì`pŠV_ÎdmV _Zmo^m¡{VH$ KQ> H $ {díbo f U V§ Ì mÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo e§ ^ ahÿ Z A{YH$
g§aMZm§Mo Ago g§KQ>Z AgVo Oo ì`pŠV_ÎdmMo {d{dY KQ>H$ Jw U d¡ { eîQ> ç m§ M o _mnZ Ho $ bo b o Amho . Ë`mgmR> r Ë`m§ Z r
EH$g§K R>odVo Am{U Ë`m§À`mVrb nañnag§~§Y {Q>H$dyZhr R>odVo. ñdgmXarH$aU, àíZmdbr, g_d`ñH$ nX{ZíM`Z loUr VgoM
"_Zmo^m¡{VH$' hr g§km Ago ñnï> H$aVo H$s, ì`pŠV_Îd åhUOo àm`mo{JH$ dmVmdaUmVrb dñVw{Zð> _mnZ `mMm AmYma KoD$Z
Ho$di _mZ{gH$ AWdm Ho$di MoVH$s` (Neural) ZgyZ Vo _Z n§MKQ>H$ ì`pŠV_ÎdmVrb à_wI d _hÎdmÀ`m KQ>H$m§Mm emoY
d eara `m Xmohm|À`m H$m`m©er g§~§{YV AgVo. "{ZYm©[aV' `m bmdbm.

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 n§MKQ>H$ ì`pŠV_Îd CnnÎmrÀ`m g§emoYZm_Ü`o àm_w»`mZo 2. gXgX²{ddoH$ ~wÕr (Conscientiousness) :
Jmo ë S>~J© ( Oregon Research Institute ), H° $ Q>o b `m {_VrMm g§~Y§ ì`ŠVrÀ`m gwgK§ Q>Zmer Am{U àoaUoer
(University of Illinois) Am{U H$mogQ>m d _°H$H«$o (National `oVmo. Á`m bmoH$m§Mm `m {_Vrdarb àmßVm§H$ Cƒ AgVmo Vo
Institute of Health) `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. `m§Zr ñdV§ÌnUo dŠVeranU~m~V Xj AgVmV. Vgo M {ZQ>Zo Q >Š`m,
Ho$boë`m g§emoYZmVyZ {_imbobo ì`pŠV_ÎdmMo nmM KQ>H$ O~m~XmanUmMr OmUrd AgUmè`m, ñd`§{eñV, H$miOrnyd©H$
doJdoJù`m ZmdmZo g§~moYbobo AmhoV. nU {VÝhr g§emoYZmVrb dmJUmè`m, {dYr{ZfoY nmiUmè`m, CËnmXZerb ñd^mdmÀ`m
nmM KQ>H$m§Vrb ghg§~§Y A{VCƒ Agbobm {XgyZ `oVmo Am{U AgVmV. Va `m {_Vrda {ZåZV_ àmßVm§H$ YmaU H$aUmao bmoH$
n§MKQ>H$ ì`pŠV_ÎdmMo _hÎdmMo d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo ì`pŠV_ÎdmMo _hÎdmÀ`m gm_m{OH$ H$m`©H«$_mbm C{eam nmohMVmV, BVam§À`m
g§KQ>Z Cƒ nmVirda Agbobo {XgyZ `oVo. Ë`m_wio Vo dñVy CgZdmè`m KoD$Z Ë`m naV H$arV ZmhrV Am{U naV
g§H$ënZmË_H$ Cn`wŠVVm R>adUmao Ago Amho. Ë`mÛmao {_iUmao Ho$ë`mM Va XÿamdñWoV naV H$aVmV. Aem ì`ŠVr H$_Hw$dV
^m{H$V d {díbofU à^mdr Ago Amho. _ZmÀ`m, {ZfH$miOrd¥ÎmrÀ`m, {dYr{ZfoY Z nmiUmè`m d
n§MKQ>H$ ì`pŠV_Îd CnnÎmrVrb ì`pŠV_ÎdmÀ`m nmM CËnmXZerbVoMm A^md Agboë`m Aem AgVmV.
KQ>H$m§À`m ZmdmÀ`m AmÚmjam§dê$Z OCEAN ho KQ>H$ bjmV 3. ~{h_w©IVm (Extraversion) :
R>odVm `oVmV `m {_Vr nwT>rbà_mUo - hr g§km gd©àW_ H$mb©`Jw (1953) Zo dmnabr. ~{h_wI©
1. AZw^dm§Mm _wŠV ñdrH$ma (Openness to experience): bmoH$ ho g_mOerb, CËgmhr, ~S>~S>çm, ào_i, WÅ>m_ñH$ar
doJdoJù`m ZdrZ Jmoï>r H$aUo Am{U ZdrZ AZw^dm§Zm H$aUmè`m d YmS>gr AgVmV. Va ~{h_w©IVoMo Xwgao Q>moH$ åhUOo
gm_moao OmUo åhUOo AZw^dm§Mm _wŠV ñdrH$ma H$aUo hmo`. A§V_w©IVm, Ago bmoH$ em§V, g§`_r, ^m§S>Imoa, EH$m§V{à`,
AZw^dm§Mm _wŠV ñdrH$ma H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVr à{V^mdmZ, g_mO{dÝ_wI d gmdY Aem AgVmV.
gO©Zerb (H$ënH$), _moH$ù`m _ZmÀ`m, Q>mnQ>rn {Okmgy 4. gh_VrXe©H$Vm (Agreeableness) :
d¥ÎmrÀ`m, MmUmj, gm¢X`©Ñï>r Agboë`m d AZwg[aVm Zgboë`m hr ì`ŠVrMr _yb^yV ^md{ZH$ e¡br hmo`. gh_Vr
Aem AgVmV. Va Oo bmoH$ Ë`m§Mr Amho Vr pñWVr ~XbÊ`mMm Xe©H$Vm `m {_Vrda Cƒ àmßVm§H$ Agboë`m ì`ŠVr _¡ÌrnyU©,
à`ËZ H$arV ZmhrV qH$dm n[apñWVrV ~Xb H$ê$ BpÀN>V ZmhrV. àgÞ, X`miy, gwñd^mdr, {dídmgy, ghH$m`©erb, gä` d
Ë`m§Mm `m {_Vrdarb àmßVm§H$ {ZåZV_ AgVmo. Ago bmoH$ ghmZw^yVr Xe©dUmè`m Aem AgVmV. Va H$_r àmßVm§H$
à{V^meyÝ`, AmVë`m JmR>rMo, {OkmgydÎ¥ mrMm A^md, AZwgm[aVm AgUmè`m ì`ŠVr `m VH«$maImoa, Imï>, g§e`r, AghH$m`©erb,
àd¥ÎmrÀ`m d gm¢X`©Ñï>rMm A^md Agboë`m Aem AgVmV. Ag§`_r, Agä` dV©Z H$aUmè`m, CÕQ> d W§S> à{VgmX XoUmè`m
Aem AgVmV.

Cƒ àmßVm§H$ Agboë`m ì`ŠVtMr d¡{eîQ>ço : KQ>H$ {ZåZ àmßVm§H$ Agboë`m ì`ŠVtMr d¡{eîQ>ço
(OCEAN)
gO©Zerb, H$bmH$ma, Hw$VyhbnyU©, H$ënH$ d AZw^dm§Mm _wŠV nma§n[aH$, gO©ZerbVoMm A^md AZwgmaH$
AZwgmaH$VoMm A^md ñdrH$ma (O)

{dídmgmh©, ZrQ>ZoQ>H$m, _hÎdmH$m§jr g§KQ>rV gXgX²{ddoH$ ~wÕr (C) A{dídmgmh©, Amier, {ZîH$miOr, ~ondm©
gm_m{OH$, AmemdmXr, ào_i, Jpßnï> ~{h_w©IVm (E) {^S>ñV, EH$m§V{à`, _mJo amhUmam
gwñd^mdr, BVam§da {dídmg R>odUmam, namonH$mar gh_VrXe©H$Vm (A) CÕQ>, Aghm`H$mar, AmH«$_H$, g§Kf©d¥ÎmrMm
qMVmH«$m§V, Agwa{jV, H$miOr H$aUmam, H$mo{nï> MoVmnX{eVm (N) em§V, gwa{jV, pñWa, qMVm_wŠV

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5. MoVmnX{eVm (Neuroticism) : Zm{eH$ : ñd`§^y àH$meZ
`m {_VrMm g§~Y§ ^md{ZH$ ñW¡`© Am{U ^md{ZH$ AñW¡`© Cattell, R.B. (1957). 'Personality and motivation :
`m§À`mer Amho. `m {_Vrdarb Cƒ àmßVm§H$ AgUmè`m ì`ŠVr Structure and measurement'. New
`m gVV qMVmVya, H$miOr H$aUmè`m, CXmg, ^mdZmerb, York:Harcourt, Brace & World.
ApñWa, ~oM¡Z d bhar Aem AgVmV. Va {ZåZ àmßVm§H$ Ciccarelli, S.K. and Meyer, G.E.(2006) 'Psychology'
Agboë`m ì`ŠVr em§V, g§`_r d ñdñW AgVmV. New York' : Prentice Hall
H$moñQ>m Am{U _°H$H«o$ (1990) `m§Zr OCEAN `m nmM Costa, P.T. & McCrae, R.R. (1992). 'Revised NEO
JwU{deofmÀ`m ({_Vr) gmhmæ`mZo Cƒ àmßVm§H$ d {ZåZ àmßVm§H$ Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO
YmaH$m§Mr JwUd¡{eîQ>ço gm§{JVbobr AmhoV. Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) manual.'
EH${dgmì`m eVH$mV ì`pŠV_ÎdmÀ`m gd©g_mdoe Odessa, FL : Psychological Assessment
_yë`m§H$ZmgmR>r (Assessment) hr CnnÎmr gmhm`H$ R>ê$ eH$Vo. Resources.
H$maU ~¥hV n§MKQ>H$ àménm§da Am§Va gm§ñH¥${VH$ g§emoYZ Pmbo Goldberg, L.R.(1993). 'The structure of phenotypic
Amho. EH§$Xa 31 {^Þ g§ñH¥$Vr_Ü`o `m àménmbm AmYma XoUmam personalitytraits.' American Pshychologist.
nwamdm àmßV Pmbm Amho. ({ggaobr d _o`a, 2006) Russell, M.T. & Karol, D. (1994). '16PF Fifth Edition
ì`pŠV_Îd _yë`m§H$ZmgmR>r H$moñQ>m d _°H$² H«$o `m§Zr 1989 administrator's manual,' Champaign, IL :
_Ü`o NEO-PI MmMUrMr gwYm[aV Amd¥Îmr H$mT>bobr Amho. Institute for Personality & Ability Testing.
gÜ`m OJ^a `m MmMUrMm dmna hmoV Agbobm {XgyZ `oVmo. http://www.outofservice.com/bigfive
AmnUmghr Online nÕVrZo - http://changinminds.org/explanations/preferences/
http://www.outofservice.com/bigfive/ `m do~gmB©Q>da big_five.htm
Amnë`m ì`pŠV_Îdm{df`r OmUyZ KoVm `oB©b. https://www.bbc.co.uk/labuk/experiments/
g§X^© : personality/
AmoH$, Aä`§H$a d Jmoi{dbH$a (2008) "_mZgemñÌ : X{jU http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
Am{e`m Amd¥Îmr', Zdr {X„r : S>m°{bªJ qH$S>ñbo Big_Five_personality_traits
(B§{S>`m), àm.{b. - àm. gwaoe n. g§H$nmi
~S>JwOa, ~ÀN>md d qeXo (2001) "gm_mÝ` _mZgemñÌ' {ejUemñÌ _hm{dÚmb`, {dQ>m, gm§Jbr

{ZdoXZ
_hmamï´> amÁ` _mÜ`{_H$ d Cƒ _mÜ`{_H$ {ejU _§S>i, nwUo _m\©$V {d{dY e¡j{UH$ H$m_o Ho$br OmVmV.
_w{ÐV VnmgUr/^mfm§VaH$ma/boIH$/V§Ì _mJ©Xe©H$/nwñVH$ boIZ-narjU BË`mXr H$m_m§gmR>r Aä`mgy,
CËgmhr d AZw^dr VÁkm§Mr Zoh_r JaO ^mgVo. {d{dY {df`m§Mr _m{hVr g§H${bV H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ _§S>imZo
hmVr KoVbo Amho. Var ñdV:hÿZ CnamoŠV H$m_m§gmR>r _§S>imV H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr BÀN>m Amho Ë`m§Zr Amnbo AO©
{d{hV Z_wÝ`mV amÁ` _§S>imH$S>o nmoï>mZo nmR>dmdoV. {d{hV Z_wÝ`mVrb AO© _§S>imÀ`m nwT>rb do~gmB©Q>da
CnbãY Amho.
Website : http://www.msbshse.ac.in

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 {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m dmMZ H$m¡eë` {dH$gZmgmR>r
Ho$bobm EH$ N>moQ>mgm à`ËZ/à`moJ
Iw~r, eãXà`moJ, EImÚm {dZmoXr dm M_ËH$m[aH$ Jmoï>rer
dmMZH$m¡eë`mVrb gyú_ ~maH$mì`m§_wio {VMr gm§JS>, X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmVrb KQ>Zoer Zmi, BVa {df`mVrb
{dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m emoYH$d¥Îmrbm MmbZm {_iVo. VgoM _mJrb B`Îmm§Vrb KQ>H$m§er g§~Y§ bmdë`mg Ë`mV _wbm§Zm
{ZpíMV AmdS> {Z_m©U hmoVo d Vr alert VgoM attentive
Line No ? ~ZVmV. nmR>çH«$_mVrb {d{dY KQ>H$m§Mo AÜ`mnZ H$aVmZm _r
darbn¡H$s AZoH$ ~m~tMm dmna H$aVmo Amho. N>moQ>ogoM nU
ldU, ^mfU, dmMZ, boIZ Am{U g§^mfU hr {dÚmÏ`mªZm AÜ``ZmgmR>r V`ma H$aUmao Ë`m§Mo AdYmZ {Q>H$dyZ
R>odUmao {d{dY _Zmoa§OH$ à`moJ _r Ho$bo AmhoV, H$arV Amho.
H$moUË`mhr ^mfm {ejUmMr n§MnXr Amho. `m gdmªMm `mo½`
H«$_mZo Am{U gVV gamd Ho$ë`mg ^mfoda à^wËd {_idUo \$ma Ë`m gdmªMo Zm|XrH$aU (Documentation) H$aÊ`mV _r An`er
H$R>rU Zmhr. VÎdV: ho \$ma N>mZ d gmono dmQ>Vo; nU àË`jmV R>abmo Amho, ho _mÌ ZŠH$s.
{MÌ doJioM {XgVo. à`moJ àñVmdZm :
_mV¥^mfm d amîQ´>^mfm `m§À`m dmMZm~m~Vhr CXmgrZVm h„rMo {dÚmWu dmMZmH$S>o Xþbj
© H$aVmV hr Va gdmªMrM
AmT>iVo. B§JO« rgmaIr Am§VaamîQ´>r` ^mfm {eH$VmZm _wbo AOwZhr VH«$ma Amho. dmñV{dH$ nmhVm +2 ñVamdarb gd©M {dÚmÏ`mªZr
Km~aVmV. `m ^mfoÀ`m AS>Wù`m_wio Ë`m§À`m AmË_{dídmgmbm nmR>çnwñVHo$Va dmMZ H$amdr Aerhr Anojm ì`ŠV Ho$br Amho.
VS>m OmVmo Am{U _J Vr _wbo hr ^mfm {eH$Ê`mMo gmoSy>ZM Amnbo {dÚmWu `m ~m~VrV \$maM CXmgrZ AmhoV Ago dmQ>Vo.
XoVmV. `m ^mfoMr JmoS>r bmJmdr d _wbm§Zr Ë`mVrb H$m¡eë`o _amR>r, qhXr `m ^mfm§À`m ~m~VrV ho Oa Iao Amho Va B§JO« rÀ`m
AmË_gmV H$amdrV åhUyZ AmO AZoH$ à`moJerb d CnH«$_erb ~m~VrV H$m`? nmR>çnwñVH$mVrb AÜ``Z AÜ`mnZ H$ê$Z
{ejH$ YS>nS> H$arV AmhoV. `mV {H$Ë`oH$m§Zm `e `oV Amho. Pmbobm ^mJ Var Amnbo {dÚmWu dmMV AgVrb H$m `m~m~V
(à_mU H$_r OmñV Agob) d Ë`m§À`m à`moJm§Mo, CnH«$_m§Mo _bm e§H$m hmoVr, Amho. {H$_mZ eãXg§Jh« , {H$_mZ ì`mH$aUkmZ,
AZwH$aU BVaÌ Ho$bo OmV Amho. H$mi AmoiI, dmŠ`aMZm `m§Mrhr AmoiI Zgob Va _J
_r H${Zð> _hm{dÚmb`mVrb {dÚmÏ`mªZm Jobr 20 Vo B§J«Or (Vo hr Adm§Va) dmMZm~m~V COoS>M åhUmdm bmJob.
22 df} AÜ`mnZ H$arV Amho. Ë`m§Zr B§J«Or ^mfm AmË_gmV +2 ñVamdarb {dÚmÏ`mªZr {H$_mZ nmR>çnwñVH$mMo Var
H$amdr, {ZXmZ H$m_mnwaVo B§J«Or kmZ {_idmdo åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm dma§dma dmMZ H$amdo, Vo gVV Mmimdo, emoYmemoY H$amdr,
_XV H$aV Amho. ZdrZ Aä`mgH«$_, ZdrZ nmR>çnwñVHo$, OmoS>rV, JQ>mV H$m_o H$amdo åhUyZ _r Imbrb à`moJ H$ê$Z
ZdZdrZ AÜ`mnZV§Ìo, ZdrZ e¡j{UH$ gmYZo Am{U e¡j{UH$ nm{hbm. `mV _bm 100% Zmhr, nU ~aoM `e Ambo. `m
V§ÌkmZ `m§Mm _r CËgmhmZo ñdrH$ma H$ê$Z _mÂ`m AÜ``Z à`moJmV {dÚmWu-{dÚmWu dmMZ H$aVmV, emoYVmV, _XV
AÜ`mnZmV `m Jmoï>r H$gmoerZo AmUÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arV Amho. H$aVmV, Ioi IoiVmV, MwH$VmV, MwH$m XþéñV H$aVmV Am{U
ZdrZ AÜ`mnZ nÕVrbm Va _r {MH$Qy>ZM amhVmo. Vo {deof åhUOo a_VmVhr, (Isn't it joyful and participative
Law of Readness - Ooìhm AmnU EImXr Jmoï> R>amdrH$ learning?)
MmH$moarVyZM gm§JVmo Voìhm Vr aQ>mi dm H§$Q>midmUr hmoVo. JmoîQ>, à`moJ - àË`j H$m`©dmhr H$er Ho$br ?
KQ>H$ qH$dm g§H$ënZm VrM nU _m§S>Ê`mMr nÕV, gm§JÊ`mMr nmR>çnwñVH$mVrb EH$ KQ>H$ (nmR>, H${dVm) {eH$dyZ

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Pmë`mda hm à`moJ Ho$bm. gXa KQ>H$m§À`m Imbr 'C' ^mJmV Interpretation d Personal Response àíZm§gmR>r _mPr hr
{Xboë`m àíZmoÎmamVyZ gwédmV Ho$br. hm ^mJ 'glossary' À`m _mÌm bmJy nS>br Zmhr.
Imbr `oVmo. EImÚm nmR>mÀ`m Imbr Oa H$mhr dmŠ`o {Xbr Grammar d Vocabulary nmhVmZm naV _r
Jobr AgVrb d Imbrb gyMZm {Xbr Jobr Agob, Say {dÚmÏ`mªZm Line numbers {dMmabo. CÎmao KoVbrM nU naV
whether the following statements are true or false. EH$ doi Vr Amoi dm dmŠ` dmMë`mdaM. `mV Ë`m§À`m
Correct them if they are false and rewrite. Va hm àíZ eãXg§nÎmrV ^a nS>ë`mMo VgoM ~è`mM eãXm§Mo ÑT>rH$aU
dJm©V M{M©VmZm _r {dÚmÏ`mªZm H«$. 5 Mo CÎma {dMmabo. _mÌ Pmë`mMo AmT>ibo. Transformation Mr dmŠ` nmhVmZmhr
Ë`m§Zm nQ>H$Z CÎma Úmd`mMo Zmhr Aer gyMZm {Xbr. Z§Va gXa à`moJ Ho$bm.
'Tell the answer' Ago åhUVmM H$mhtZr Va H$mhtZr Aer gXa à`moJ H$aVmZm H$mhr _wbo ñdV§ÌnUo, H$mhr
CÎmao {Xbr. _r XmoÝhr CÎmao ñdrH$mabr d EH$ {_{ZQ> ñVãY XmoKmXmoKm§V, H$mhrOU _mJrb nwT>rb ghH$mè`m§Zm {dMmê$Z
am{hbmo. _wbohr WmoS>rer Jm|Yibr. _J _r Ë`m§Zm Tell me H$m_ H$aV hmoVr. _r Ë`m§Zm Hw$O~wOÊ`mnmgyZ H$Yrhr amoIÊ`mMm
the line number where you find this statement in this à`ËZ Ho$bm Zmhr. H$maU {ejUmV Creative turmoil is
text/lesson Ago gm§JyZ naV ñVãY Pmbmo. nwT>Mr XmoZ-Mma welcome ho gyÌ AmnU ñdrH$mabobo AmhoM. `mVyZhr H$mhr
{_{ZQ>o dJ© EH$X_ em§V Pmbm. H$maU ~hþVm§er {dÚmWu Vo _wbm§Zr qH${MVhr hmbMmb Z Ho$ë`mMo OmUdbo. nU H$moUrVar
dmŠ`, Ë`m dmŠ`mVrb Key word emoYÊ`mV a_br hmoVr. Line no gm§{JVë`mda hr _wbo nQ>H$Z Vr Amoi dm dmŠ`
H$mhrOU naV naV Vo dmŠ` nmhmV hmoVo d nmR>mMr nmZo MmiV nmhmV hmoVr. hohr Zgo WmoS>Ho$ Ago g_OyZ _r Ë`m§Zm ZmC_oX
hmoVo. Or WmoS>r\$ma hþema _wbo hmoVr Ë`m§Zr nQ>H$Z hmV da Ho$bo Zmhr.
Ho$bo. _r Ë`m§Zm hmVmZoM Z ~mobÊ`mMr IyU Ho$br. AmUIr H$mhrH$mhr doim Line no nQ>H$Z gmnS>V Zgë`mg _r
EH$-XmoZ {_{ZQ>m§Zr AmUIr H$mhr hmV da Pmbo d nwT>À`m Ë`m§Zm H$mhr clues, hints {Xë`m. CXm. first page, third
H$mhr jUmV 90% hmV da hmoVo. Ë`m gdmªÀ`m Mohè`mda page, second paragraph, between line no. 85 to 145
AmnU H$mhrVar emoYë`mMm AmZ§X hmoVm. _wbm§Zr Ë`m AmoirMm BË`mXr. `m_wio {dÚmÏ`mªMo eãXmgmR>r dm dmŠ`mgmR>r Ë`m
H«$_m§H$ gm§{JVbm. dmŠ`mVrb MyH$ XþéñVr Ho$br. Z§Va _r nmR>mV dm H${dVoV H$moR>ohr ^Q>H$Uo ~§X Pmbo.
Ë`m§Zm dmŠ` H«$. 9, 8, 1, 4, 6 Aer {dMmaUm Ho$br d naV _mPm hm à`moJ AJXrM ZdrZ Amho qH$dm _r \$ma
EH$M eãX dmnabm Vmo åhUOo Line No ? Z§Va Z§Va {dÚmWu _moR>m Vra _mabm Amho Agm _mPm Xmdm Zmhr. nU {dÚmÏ`mªZm
AJmoXaM Amoi H«$_m§H$ emoYyZ R>ody bmJbr. _J _bmM Ë`m§Zm dma§dma Ë`m nmR>çm§emH$S>o ZoUo, emoYmd`mg bmdUo, dmMmd`mg
No Line no, please, tell the answer only Ago gm§Jmdo bmdUo `m JmoîQ>r gmÜ` hmoVmVM ho _mÌ ZŠH$s, ho \$maM little
bmJob. `m gdmªVyZ Ë`m§Mo ZH$iV dmMZ Pmbo, emoYZ Pmbo, Amho nU _bm Vo lot dmQ>Vo. _mÂ`m `m à`moJmMo gyÌ _mÌ \$ŠV
H$mhr à_mUmV ñd`§AÜ``Z Pmbo. H$mhr à_mUmV ÑT>rH$aUhr. XmoZM eãXmV bmdbo Amho Vo åhUOo Line No ? {ejH$
darb ~m~VrV _r Oa H«$_mZo (dmŠ` H«$. 1 Vo 10) {_Ìhmo, AmnUhr hm gmYm gmonm à`moJ H$ê$Z nmhm Am{U
CÎmao {dMmabr AgVr Va[ {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m emoYH$d¥Îmrbm MmbZm H$idm _bm Vw_Mm AZw^d. (B. 9, 10, 11 d 12dr gmR>rM,
{_imbr ZgVr H$maU nmR>mVrb KQ>ZmH«$_ d àíZmVrb H«$_ H$maU Ë`mV ~moS>m©Zo Line Nos. {Xë`m AmhoV.)
gmYmaUnUo gmaIoM AmT>ibo. `mV g§~§{YV dmŠ`mMr Amoi
H«$_m§H$ emoYVmZm {dÚmWu ZH$iV _mJrb nwT>rb dmŠ`o nmhÿ - àm. nr.Eg. H$m¡bmnwao
bmJbo. {eamoS>m, qgYwXÿJ©
hrM aMZm _r naV answer in one sentence gmR>r



Ho$br. Answer in brief gmR>rhr ho bmJy nS>b.o _mÌ Inference

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 {dÚmÏ`mªZm {ejH$ AmdS>Uo qH$dm
ZmdS>Ê`mMr H$maUo emoYUo - EH$ Aä`mg
{ejH$ d {dÚmWu `mVrb g§~§Ymda AÜ`mnZmMo `e
AÜ`mnZm_Ü`o ZdZdrZ CnH«$_ am~dUmao Adb§~yZ AgVo. Á`m ì`ŠVr~Ôb Amnë`m _ZmV hmoH$mamË_H$
"{ejH$' {dÚmWu{à` hmoVmV. ^mdZm AgVo Ë`m ì`ŠVrZo gm§{JVboë`m AWdm {eH$dboë`m
~m~t~Ôb `mo½` A{^d¥Îmr d A{^éMr {Z_m©U hmoV.o hmoH$mamË_H$,
{df` àdoe : ào_mMo, {dídmgmMo, AmXamMo ghg§~§Y {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mMr _w»`
O~m~Xmar {ejH$m§da AgVo. åhUyZ Imbrb JwU {ejH$mV
Mm§Jbm {ejH$ gd©JwUg§nÞ Agbm nm{hOo. Vmo
Zd{Z{_©VrH$ma Agmdm. Ë`mÀ`m_Ü`o g¥OZj_Vm Agmdr Ago AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
A{^àoV Amho. 1. emar[aH$ Amamo½` / OrdZmH$S>o AmemdmXr Ñï>rZo
{ejH$ Amnë`m g_mOmMr g§ñH¥$Vr, _yë`o, Ü`o`o, nmhUo, 2. Mm§Jbo Mm[aÍ`, 3. ~m¡{ÕH$ j_Vm, 4. gd©gm_mÝ`
H$m¡eë`o, OrdZnÕVr `m§Mo {nT>rA§VJ©V g§H«$_U H$aVmo. Ë`m_wio kmZ, 5. {Okmgy d¥Îmr, 6. {dÚmWu d {ejH$ `m§Mo ZmVo,
{ejH$mbm {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m AZw^d{dídmMr d {df`mÀ`m AZwfJ§ mZo 7. àm_m{UH$nUm, 8. Aä`mgnyaH$ H$m`©H«$_mV gh^mJ,
gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$, ^md{ZH$ d amOH$s` joÌmMr _m{hVr 9. AÜ`mnZ emñÌmMo kmZ 10. {d{dY H$bm§Mo kmZ, 11.
Agmdr. ñdV:À`m {df`mVrb VÁk, 12. gË`dmXr.
{ejH$m{df`r {d{dY àíZ Zoh_r Amnë`mg_moa `oV g§emoYZmMo _hÎd :
AgVmV. g_mOmVhr VoM àíZ CnpñWV Ho$bo OmVmV. `eñdr kmZ, ehmUnU, H$m¡eë` Am{U g§ñH$ma `m§Zr {ejUmMm
{ejH$ H$moUmg åhUmdo ? {ejH$mMr ^y{_H$m H$moUVr ? Ame` R>aVmo d ho gJi§ {dÚmÏ`mªZm XoÊ`mgmR>r {ejH$mMr
{ejH$mMr n[aUm_H$maH$Vm Zo_H$s H$moUË`m Jmoï>tda Adb§~yZ JaO AgVo. {ejU åhUOo gwg§ñH$ma åhUyZ {ejU à{H«$`m
Amho ? `m gd© àíZm§Mr CÎmao gd©gm_mÝ`m§À`m {ZarjUmVyZ Amho. `m_wio {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m {R>H$mUr Agbobm AmË_{dídmg,
XoVm `oVrbM Ago Zmhr. H$maU {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m Ñï>rZo {ejH$mMo ~wÕr, {dMma, VH©$, H$ënZm, {díbofU, Z¡g{J©H$ j_Vm§Mm
_hÎd Iyn doJio AgVo. {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`mda CÎm_ g§ñH$ma H$ê$Z, {dH$mg H$aÊ`mgmR>r {ejH$mMr ^y{_H$m AË`§V _hÎdmMr Amho
Ë`m§À`m AmMma-{dMmam§Zm `mo½` diU bmdyZ Ë`m§Mo ì`pŠV_Îd d `mgmR>r {ejH$mOdi ghZerbVm, Mm§Jë`m gd`r,
AmXe© ~ZdUo, Ë`m§À`m {MÎmd¥Îmr {Zam_`, gO©Zerb d {dYm`H$ CnH«$_erbVm, CËgmhr d¥Îmr BË`mXr JwUd¡{eîQ>ço AgmdrV
~ZdUo ho {ejH$mMo H$m`©. _yë`o d AmXe© `m§Mo g§ñH$ma H$maU Ë`mMm n[aUm_ {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m dV©Zmda hmoV AgVmo.
{dÚmÏ`mªda H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`m Mm[aÍ`mMr OS>U-KS>U {ejH$M g§emoYZmMr C{Ôï>o :
H$aVmo. {ejH$ {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m Ñï>rZo ZdM¡VÝ`mMm R>odm AgVmo d 1. {dÚmÏ`mªZm {ejH$ AmdS>Ê`m_mJÀ`m H$maUm§Mm emoY
Vmo {dÚmÏ`mªMm {_Ì, _mJ©Xe©H$ d VÎdoÎmm AgVmo. `mVyZ {ejH$ KoUo.
{dÚmÏ`mªZm g_OyZ KoUmam, AÜ``ZmV JmoS>r {Z_m©U H$aUo d 2. {dÚmÏ`mªZm {ejH$ ZmdS>Ê`m_mJÀ`m H$maUm§Mm emoY
{dÚmÏ`mªZm gd© Ñï>tZr _XV H$aUo BË`mXr{df`r {ejH$mZo KoUo.
{dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r à^mdr d _XVrgmR>r VËna amhVmV H$m` `mgma»`m g§emoYZ nÕVr $:
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A.H«$. A{YH$mar / H$_©Mmè`mMo Zmd nXZm_ _§S>i {Zd¥ÎmrMm {XZm§H$

1) lr_. S>m|Jao b{bVm ^mJdV ghm`H$ AYrjH$ ZmJnya 31/8/2010
2) lr_. dmZIoS>o Amem H$m{eZmW n`©dojH$ {b{nH$ ZmJnya 31/8/2010
3) lr. MìhmU gmo_rZmW gO}amd n`©dojH$ {b{nH$ Am¡a§Jm~mX 31/8/2010
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