VLSI APPLICATION

VLSI stands for Very Large Scale Integration. It's used in creating so many chips and
circuits on a single mini chip of silicon.
Its a kind of technique that is used in designing Micro chips like IC and many more
VLSI means very large scale IC(integrated circuit) chips it is use as a memory element in
computers to store data.........
A well-structured and controlled design methodology, along with a supporting
hierarchical design system
, has been developed to optimally support the development effort on several programs
requiring gate array and semicustom VLSI design
. The methodology makes extensive use of CAD techniques, including multilevel
simulation for all tasks associated with design simulation and layout.
The methodology is intended to totally verify the system during the design phase,
prior to the release of VLSI components for fabrication;
the bulk of the effort spent on integration and test in MSI/SSI systems can thus be
applied during the design phase.
This paper describes the design methodology, the hierarchical CAD system, and the
pertinent CAD design philosophy with reference to the MIL-STD-1750 processor design
example.

Applications of VLSI circuits to medical

imaging
Advanced very-large-scale integration (VLSI) technology is finding widespread application in
medical imaging,
as is exemplified by the use of general-purpose digital signal processing (DSP) ICs, custom
VLSI ICs, and microprocessors in 3D image displays and ultrasound.
. GE's Graphicon display processing system demonstrates the great improvements that VLSI
technology makes in 3D display technology.
Graphicon, which contains 26 VLSI chips of 11 design types including two custom ones, can
display 3D images at the rate of 10,000 triangles per second.
Ultrasound processing will probably be affected by VLSI technology more than any other
medical imaging process, as VLSI is is utilized to implement fully digital front-ends to real-time
ultrasound phased array signal processor. The advent of silicon compiler CAD tools will also
enable the rapid design of custom VLSI image processing ICs.

Recent advances in VLSI layout

Advances in computer-aided design (CAD) of very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits are
driving application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) market growth.
The popularity of ASIC sea-of-gates and building-block technologies is largely a result of CAD
tool advances which are vital to the layout of VLSI chips that
are more complex, larger, with declining feature size. Four aspects of VLSI layout detailed are:
placement and floor planning, routing, computational geometry (CG) and layout engines.
Placement and floorplanning of sea-of-gates and building-block ASICs focus on connectivity
and connectivity plus module geometry.
Global and detailed routing, rip-up and rerouting are discussed. CG advances in design rule
checking, gridless routing and layout compaction are described.
'Hardware accelerators,' parallel-processing systems and supercomputers are facilitating VLSI
layout.

Applications of VLSI circuits to medical

imaging
Article Abstract:
Advanced very-large-scale integration (VLSI) technology is finding widespread application in
medical imaging,
as is exemplified by the use of general-purpose digital signal processing (DSP) ICs, custom
VLSI ICs,
and microprocessors in 3D image displays and ultrasound. GE's Graphicon display processing
system demonstrates the great improvements
that VLSI technology makes in 3D display technology. Graphicon, which contains 26 VLSI
chips of 11 design types including two custom ones,
can display 3D images at the rate of 10,000 triangles per second. Ultrasound processing will
probably be affected by VLSI technology more than
any other medical imaging process, as VLSI is is utilized to implement fully digital front-ends to
real-time ultrasound phased array signal processors.
The advent of silicon compiler CAD tools will also enable the rapid design of custom VLSI
image processor

Recent advances in VLSI layout

Advances in computer-aided design (CAD) of very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits are
driving application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) market growth.
The popularity of ASIC sea-of-gates and building-block technologies is largely a result of CAD
tool advances
which are vital to the layout of VLSI chips that are more complex, larger, with declining feature
size. Four aspects of VLSI layout detailed are:
placement and floor planning, routing, computational geometry (CG) and layout engines.
Placement and floorplanning of sea-of-gates
and building-block ASICs focus on connectivity and connectivity plus module geometry. Global
and detailed routing, rip-up and rerouting are discussed.
CG advances in design rule checking, gridless routing and layout compaction are described.
'Hardware accelerators,' parallel-processing systems and supercomputers are facilitating VLSI
layout.

/wiki/File:Diopsis.jpg /wiki/File:Diopsis.jpgA VLSI integrated-circuit die

The first semiconductor chips held two transistors each. Subsequent advances added more and
more transistors, and, as a consequence
, more individual functions or systems were integrated over time. The first integrated circuits
held only a few devices,
perhaps as many as ten diodes, transistors, resistors and capacitors, making it possible to
fabricate one or more logic gates on a single device.
Now known retrospectively as small-scale integration (SSI), improvements in technique led to
devices with hundreds of logic gates, known as medium-scale integration (MSI).
Further improvements led to large-scale integration (LSI), i.e. systems with at least a thousand
logic gates. Current technology has moved far past this mark
and today's microprocessors have many millions of gates and billions of individual
transistors.At one time, there was an effort to name and calibrate
various levels of large-scale integration above VLSI. Terms like ultra-large-scale integration
(ULSI) were used.
But the huge number of gates and transistors available on common devices has rendered such
fine distinctions moot.
Terms suggesting greater than VLSI levels of integration are no longer in widespread use. Even
VLSI is now somewhat quaint, given the common assumption that all microprocessors are VLSI
or better.
As of early 2008, billion-transistor processors are commercially available. This is expected to
become more commonplace as semiconductor fabrication moves from the current generation
of 65 nm processes to the next 45 nm generations (while experiencing new challenges such as
increased variation across process corners). A notable example is Nvidia's 280 series GPU.
This GPU is unique in the fact that almost all of its 1.4 billion transistors are used for logic, in
contrast to the Itanium,
whose large transistor count is largely due to its 24 MB L3 cache. Current designs, as opposed
to the earliest devices, use extensive design automation and automated
logic synthesis to lay out the transistors, enabling higher levels of complexity in the resulting
logic functionality. Certain high-performance logic blocks like the SRAM (Static Random
Access Memory) cell,
 however, are still designed by hand to ensure the highest efficiency (sometimes by bending or
breaking established design rules to obtain the last bit of performance by trading stability

Structured design
Structured VLSI design is a modular methodology originated by Carver Mead and Lynn Conway
for saving microchip area by minimizing the interconnect fabrics area. This is obtained by
repetitive arrangement of rectangular macro blocks which can be interconnected using wiring by
abutment. An example is partitioning the layout of an adder into a row of equal bit slices cells. In
complex designs this structuring may be achieved by hierarchical nesting.
Structured VLSI design had been popular in the early 1980s, but lost its popularity later because
of the advent of placement and routing tools wasting a lot of area by routing, which is tolerated
because of the progress of Moore's Law. When introducing the hardware description language
KARL in the mid' 1970s, Reiner Hartenstein coined the term "structured VLSI design"
(originally as "structured LSI design"), echoing Edsger Dijkstra's structured programming
approach by procedure nesting to avoid chaotic spaghetti-structured programs.