EMRACO and CIPI sold an ice plant to RDFC, securing payment with a mortgage on the plant. When RDFC defaulted on payments, EMRACO foreclosed and sold the plant to Nilo Villanueva, subject to RDFC's right of redemption. When RDFC redeemed the plant, private respondents who had been rehired by Villanueva were dismissed again. Private respondents filed complaints against ICC, its president Sunio, for illegal dismissal. The NLRC ordered reinstatement and held Sunio jointly liable for back wages, but the Supreme Court ruled that mere ownership of a corporation's capital stock is insufficient to disregard corporate personality, so Sunio should
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Sunio V NLRC Digest
EMRACO and CIPI sold an ice plant to RDFC, securing payment with a mortgage on the plant. When RDFC defaulted on payments, EMRACO foreclosed and sold the plant to Nilo Villanueva, subject to RDFC's right of redemption. When RDFC redeemed the plant, private respondents who had been rehired by Villanueva were dismissed again. Private respondents filed complaints against ICC, its president Sunio, for illegal dismissal. The NLRC ordered reinstatement and held Sunio jointly liable for back wages, but the Supreme Court ruled that mere ownership of a corporation's capital stock is insufficient to disregard corporate personality, so Sunio should
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SUNIO V NLRC (1984)
EM Ramos & Co., Inc (EMRACO) and
Cabugao Ice Plant, Inc. (CIPI), sister corporations, sold an ice plant to Rizal Development and Finance, Corp. (RDFC). To secure RDFC’s payment of the purchase price, the ice plant was mortgaged to EMRACO-CIPI. Because of the sale, EMRACO-CIPI terminated all of theire employees, including private respondents. Later, RDFC sold the ice plant, subject to the mortgage in favor of EMRACO-CIPI, to petitioner Ilocos Commercial Corp. (ICC). When RDFC and ICC defaulted on the payment of the balance of the purchase price, EMRACO-CIPI extrajudicially foreclosed the ice plant. It then sold it to Nilo Villanueva, subject to RDFC’s right of redemption. Nilo Villanueva rehired private respondents. When RDFC redeemend the ice plant, private respondents were again dismissed. Thus, the latter filed complaints against the petitioner corporation, and its President and General manager, Alberto Sunio, for illegal dismissal. The Assistance Regional Director of the Ministry of Labor and Employment ordered petitioners to reinstate private respondents. NLRC affirmed. Petitioner Sunio, who owned ½ of ICC, was made jointly and severally liable with ICC and CIPI for the payment of backwages.
RATIO: A corporation is invested by law
with a personaloty separate and distinct from those of the persons composing it as well as from that of any other legal entity to which it may be related. Mere ownership by a single stockholder or by anotehr coporation of all or nearly all of the capital stock of a corporation is not tiself sufficient ground for disregarding the separate corporate personality. Therefore, Sunio should not have been made personally liable for the payment of backwages to private respondents.