Drug Study
Drug Study
Study
Acetaminophen
Drug #1
Patient: Mr. Abs
Drug Ordered: September 14, 2010
Attending Physician: Vivian Polarez
Generic name: Acetaminophen
Brand name: Paracetamol
Classification: Analgesic
Indications:
Relief of mild to moderate pain; treatment of fever.
Analgesic-antipyretic in patients with aspirin allergy,
hemostatic disturbances, bleeding diatheses, upper
GI disease, gouty arthritis
Arthritis and rheumatic disorders involving
musculoskeletal pain (but lacks clinically significant
anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory effects)
Common cold, flu, other viral and bacterial
infections with pain and fever
Unlabeled use: Prophylactic for children receiving
DPT vaccination to reduce incidence of fever and
pain
Contraindication:
Drug #2
Patient: Mr. Abs
Drug Ordered: September 14, 2010
Attending Physician: Vivian Polarez
Generic name: Cefuroxime axetil
Brand name: Ceftin
Classification: Second generation’s cephalosporins
Indications:
Both cefuroxime sodium and cefuroxime axetil is used
in treating infections of Upper and Lower respiratory
tract, skin and soft tissue, UTI, bone & joint infections
and gonococcal infections.
Cefuroxime sodium on addition is indicated in treating
serious infection pending bacteriological identification,
Meningitis, Prophylaxis against infection in surgical
procedures, Urinary infections, Patients with renal
failure undergoing CAPD (continuous ambulatory
peritoneal dialysis).
Cefuroxime axetil is also indicated in treating and
preventing Lyme disease.
Contraindication:
Ceftin products are contraindicated in patients
with known allergy to the cephalosporin group of
antibiotics.
Drug #3
Patient: Mr. Abs
Drug Ordered: September 14, 2010
Attending Physician: Vivian Polarez
Generic name: Metronidazole
Brand name: Flagyl
Classification: Antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent, Anti-
infectives,
Indications:
Dosage: 500mg
Mechanism of Action:
Metronidazole is amebicidal, bactericidal, and
trichomonicidal. Unionized metronidazole is readily
taken up by anaerobic organisms and cells. Its
selectivity for anaerobic bacteria is a result of the
ability of these organisms to reduce metronidazole
to its active form intracellularly. The electron
transport proteins necessary for this reaction are
found only in anaerobic bacteria. Reduced
metronidazole then disrupts DNA's helical structure,
thereby inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis.
This eventually results in bacterial cell death.
Metronidazole is equally effective against dividing
and nondividing cells.
Adverse reaction:
seizures (convulsions);
fever, chills, body aches, sore throat, flu symptoms;
numbness or tingling in your hands or feet;
white patches or sores inside your mouth or on your
lips;
pain or burning when you urinate; or
Diarrhea that is watery or bloody.
Less serious side effects may include:
nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea;
headache, dizziness, loss of balance;
vaginal itching or discharge;
dry mouth or unpleasant metallic taste;
cough, sneezing, runny or stuffy nose; or
Swollen or sore tongue.
Nursing responsibility:
Obtain C&S before beginning drug therapy to identify if
correct treatment has been initiated.
Assess for allergic reactions: rash, urticaria, pruritus..
May cause dizziness or light-headedness. Caution
patient or other activities requiring alertness until
response to medication is known.
Inform patient that medication may cause an unpleasant
metallic taste.
Inform patient that medication may cause urine to turn
dark.
Advise patient to consult health care professional if no
improvement in a few days or if signs and symptoms of
superinfection (black furry overgrowth on tongue; loose
or foul-smelling stools develop).
Health Teaching
Instruct patient to take with food or milk to minimize
GI irritation. Tablets may be crushed for patients
with difficulty swallowing.
Instruct patient to take medication exactly as
directed evenly spaced times between dose, even if
feeling better. Do not skip doses or double up on
missed doses. If a dose is missed, take as soon as
remembered if not almost time for next dose.
May cause lightheadedness. Caution patient or
other activities requiring alertness until response to
medication is unknown.
Patient & Family Education
* Adhere closely to the established regimen without
schedule interruption or changing the dose.
* Do not drink alcohol during therapy; may induce a
disulfiram-type reaction . Avoid alcohol or alcohol-
containing medications for at least 48 h after
treatment is completed.
* Urine may appear dark or reddish brown (especially
with higher than recommended doses). This appears
to have no clinical significance.
* Report symptoms of candidal overgrowth: Furry
tongue, color changes of tongue, glossitis, stomatitis;
vaginitis, curd-like, milky vaginal discharge; proctitis.
Treatment with a candidacidal agent may be
indicated.
Rationale:
This is given to patient for infection.
Essentiale Forte
Drug #4
Patient: Mr. Abs
Drug Ordered: September 14, 2010
Attending Physician: Vivian Polarez
Generic name: @@@@
Brand name: Essentiale Forte
Classification: Cholagogues, Cholelitholytics
& Hepatic Protectors
Indications:
Acute, subacute & chronic hepatitis; toxic metabolic
liver diseases, intoxications (eg from drugs); infection,
fatty degeneration of the liver due to alcohol,
hypernutrition, DM, kwashiorkor, pregnancy;
cholestasis; pre- & post-op care, esp in
liver/gallbladder surgery.
Dosage:
Intensive Therapy: 1-2 forte caps 3 times a day for the
first 2 months.
Maintenance Therapy: 1-2 plain caps 3 times a day.
To be swallowed whole, with a little liquid if desired.
Mechanism of Action:
Essentiale/Forte regulates membrane permeability
and improves the exchange of substances between
the intra- and extracellular space. It activates
metabolic function and supports the energy balance
of the liver. It restores enzyme functions and
promotes detoxification of the liver. Neutral fats and
cholesterol are transformed into transportable forms
and led to their physiological oxidation. Liver cell
regeneration is stimulated and the bile is stabilized.
Nursing Responsibilities:
Advice patient to take drug with food.
Instruct patient to decrease alcohol intake.
Increase fluid intake.
Rationale:
This drug is given to the patient to restore the normal
liver functioning.