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Plastics Material For DPT Iv Sem

This document provides an overview of various engineering thermoplastics including their properties, processing techniques, and applications. It discusses common thermoplastics such as polyamides (nylons), polyacetals (POM), thermoplastic polyesters (PET/PBT), polycarbonate (PC), acrylics (PMMA), fluoropolymers (PTFE), polyphenylenes (PPE/PPO/PPS), polyaryletherketones (PEEK), polysulfones (PSU/PES), thermoplastic polyimides (PI/PAI), and cellulosics. Each plastic family is characterized in terms of its mechanical, chemical, thermal, and electrical

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Mohsin Alam
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155 views

Plastics Material For DPT Iv Sem

This document provides an overview of various engineering thermoplastics including their properties, processing techniques, and applications. It discusses common thermoplastics such as polyamides (nylons), polyacetals (POM), thermoplastic polyesters (PET/PBT), polycarbonate (PC), acrylics (PMMA), fluoropolymers (PTFE), polyphenylenes (PPE/PPO/PPS), polyaryletherketones (PEEK), polysulfones (PSU/PES), thermoplastic polyimides (PI/PAI), and cellulosics. Each plastic family is characterized in terms of its mechanical, chemical, thermal, and electrical

Uploaded by

Mohsin Alam
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIPET

PLASTICS MATERIAL
FOR DPT – IV

BY – MD. MOHSIN ALAM


Engineering Thermoplastics
•Replace metallic parts
–Strength and stiffness
–Retention of properties over range of
temperatures
–Toughness to withstand incidental damage
–Dimensional stability
•Low creep
•Low CTE
–Withstand environmental factors (UV, O2,
chemicals)
–Shaped easily
Engineering Thermoplastics
•Compared to commodity plastics
–More expensive
–The commodity resins are all lacking
some
critical property
–Some Engineering Thermoplastics are
formed
through the condensation polymerization
process
Polyamides or Nylons (PA)
Nylon History
•Nature of polymer bonding not understood
•Carothers
•Difunctional monomers
•Polymers—1000 units long
–Larger units—molecular still to eliminate water
•Control of melting point and length
–Many combinations of polyesters
–Trying polyamides
–Settling on 6,6
•Carothers death
–3 weeks after patents
•Tremendous success
–Name
•Delawear, Wacra, Norun, Nuron, Nulon, Nilon, Nylon
•Carothers
–Iowa—BS
–Illinois—PhD
–Harvard—Teach
–DuPont—basic research
Polyamides or Nylons (PA)
PA General Family Characteristics
•Polarity
•Crystallinity
•Sharp meltpoint
•Strength
•Comparison of higher & lower nylon numbers
PA General Family Characteristics
•Transparent (barely)—cook in bag (turkey)
•Anti-friction—not like PTFE but good
•Toughness—excellent
•Fatigue resistance—excellent
•Water absorption—a weakness (.2-2.5%
—must be dried for injection molding)
•Highly crystalline
Nylon 6,6

Properties of Specific Nylon Types


•Nylon 6,6 – General
•Nylon 6 – Copycat
•Nylon 6,10 – Less water absorption
•Nylon 6,12 – Flexibility and less water
•Nylon 2,2 – Strength
Processing Nylon
•Injection molding
–Shrinkage—crystallinity—.018 in/in
–Dry it first
•Extrusion
–Low melt viscosity
–Be careful of decomposition
•Fibers
–Drawing
–Crystallization
–Orientation
Armids
Acetals or Polyethylene's
(POM)
Acetal General Family
Characteristics
•Mechanical—do not embrittle, good impact
strength
•Moisture—very little (shower heads)
•Chemical resistance—very high, resists stains,
sensitive to strong acids and bases
•Weathering—fair
•Thermal—200o F
•Electrical—good
•Machining—like cutting brass
•Adhesion—epoxy glues
Processing Acetals
•Do not heat above 440o F
•Melt viscosity is not too dependant on
temperature
Thermoplastic Polyesters
(PET/PBT)
Thermoplastic Polyester General
Family Characteristics
•PET
– Higher mechanical stiffness
–Strength by orienting chains not by H-bonding
–Get 50% Crystallinity
•forced by mechanical stretching
•PBT
– crystallizes rapidly
– processes faster
– lower overall properties
Processing PET
•Shape it (film, tape, fiber, extrude, etc)
–Amorphous structure
•Reheat and stretch in strength direction(s)
•Cool to below Tg
Specific TP Polyester Types
•Dacron fiber—mix with cotton or wool-gives
permanent creases
•Kodek – photo film
•Mylar—transparencies, tapes
•PETG—glycol modified, amorphous, like PVC
Polycarbonate
(PC)
History
•Solvent resistance (DuPont)
•GE-Lexan
•Properties
–Polar
–Stiffness of backbone
–Long repeat unit
Properties
•Solvent sensitivity—poor but nice for joining
•Clear—except for UV yellowing, slight
Crystallinity
•Hard
•Ductile-nailed, sawed, drawn, punched,
sheared, drilled
•Tough-helmets, light covers, windows,
roadside signs, bullet proof shields
•Dimensional stability—low creep
•Electrical resistance-good but not fantastic
•Machining-good
Acrylics (PAN, PMMA)
Acrylics (PAN, PMMA)
Properties
•Color (transparency)—20 years w/ <10%
change
•Weathering—best
•Mechanical properties—average except
for impact (brittle)
•Chemical—chlorinated solvents attack it,
acetone gives it cracks
•Electrical—good
Uses
•Signs
•Counter tops—Corian
•Decorative pieces
•Floor waxes
•Paint, fingernail polishes
•Contact lenses, glasses
Processing
•Casting (sheets)—syrup
•Injection molding—good
•Thermoforming—ok but brittle
•Machining—similar to wood
Flouropolymers (PTFE, FEP, PFA)
Flouropolymers (PTFE, FEP, PFA)

n
History of Discovery

•Chambers plant
–Making Freon
–Gas cylinder
Properties
•Most are strengthened by the tight bond
between the Fluorine and the Carbon
atoms
–Slippery (anti-stick surfaces)
–Chemical inertness
–High temperature melting
–Non-flammable
–High electrical resistance
–Very dense—2.13-2.2 (high melt viscosity)
Uses
•O-rings
•Non-stick surfaces
•Insulation-electrical
•Lubricant
•Coatings
•Gears
Processing
•Not processable by extrusion or injection
molding
–Sintering
•Put in approx shape and heat–620o F
•Similar to processing powdered metals
•Fusion
–Ram extrusion
•Compaction
•Rods and tubes
–Calendaring
•Very poor adhesion
Polyphenylenes (PPE, PPO, and PPS)

H
H C H
H H
C
C C
C C H
H C

H H
H
PPO
PPO Properties
•Thermal stability—excellent (650o F)
•High HDT = 375o F
•Good cold properties (-275o F)
•Low water absorption
•Low heat expansion
•Good solvent resistance, but can be solvent
welded
PPO uses
•Used to replace stainless steel for surgical
equipment
•Replace thermosets
•Pump housings
•Valve components
•Video terminal housings
Polyaryletherketones (PEEK, PEK,
and Others)
Polyaryletherketones (PEEK, PEK,
and Others)

Ether Ketone
Linkage Linkage
Polysulfones (PSU and PES)
Polysulfones (PSU and PES)
Properties
•Resistant to oils
•Heat stability (300o F)
•Creep resistance
•SO2 group adds stiffness
•More dimensionally stable than PPO
•Toughness—good
Uses
•Hot water pipes
•Coffee pots
•Dishwasher components
•Automobile applications near engines
•Compete with thermosets, but can be
injection molded
Thermoplastic Polyimides (PI and PAI)
n
n
Properties
•Very stiff
•Highest thermal stability
•PI cannot be melted or melt processed
•PAI can be (Torlon)
•PI is sintered (Vespel)
•PI film is cast as monomers and heated to
polymerize (Kapton)
Uses
•PI is used in circuit boards
•High temperature parts
•Low friction bearings, sliding parts
•Gears
Cellulosic's
Cellulosics
•Nitrocellulose
–Gun cotton
•Cellulose nitrate
–Lacquers and plastics
Properties
•Fire
•Hard
–Plasticized with camphor
•Water repellent
Types of Cellulosic's
•Rayon
–Viscose process
•Cellophane
•Methyl cellulose
–Filler
–Edible

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