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Production AND Operation Management: Shruti Kaur

The document discusses the differences between goods and services, and provides details on the production of paper. It describes the papermaking process which includes steps like logging, de-barking, woodchipping, pulping using mechanical or chemical processes, bleaching, forming the paper web, pressing, drying, and finishing. The historical origins and development of paper from ancient Egypt and China are also mentioned.

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Shruti Kaur
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29 views

Production AND Operation Management: Shruti Kaur

The document discusses the differences between goods and services, and provides details on the production of paper. It describes the papermaking process which includes steps like logging, de-barking, woodchipping, pulping using mechanical or chemical processes, bleaching, forming the paper web, pressing, drying, and finishing. The historical origins and development of paper from ancient Egypt and China are also mentioned.

Uploaded by

Shruti Kaur
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRODUCTION

AND
OPERATION
MANAGEMENT
Shruti Kaur
PGP
2A
DIFFRENCE

GOODS SERVICES
TANGIBLE INTANGIBLE
NON PERISHIBLE PERISHIBLE
TRANSFERABLE NON TRANSFERABLE
GOODS ARE SOMETHING WHICH A SERVICE IS THAT WHICH
YOU CAN USE AGAIN AND AGAIN SOMEONE DO FOR U .U GET
SOMETHING THAT U WANT TO
HAVE.
HOMOGENOUS HETROGENOUS
PRODUCTION OF
PAPER
 DERIVES FROM THE GREEK TERM
FOR THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN
WRITING MATERIAL CALLED
PAPYRUS, WHICH WAS FORMED FROM
BEATEN STRIPS OF PAPYRUS PLANTS.

 THE FIRST PULP PAPERMAKING


PROCESS WAS DEVELOPED IN CHINA
DURING THE EARLY 2ND CENTURY AD
BY THE HAN COURT EUNUCH CAI LUN.
Papyrus
plant
Process
Of
Papermaking
MANUAL PAPERMAKING

ISDONE BY MAKING A DILUTE


SUSPENSION OF FIBERS IN WATER
AND ALLOWING THIS SUSPENSION
TO DRAIN THROUGH A SCREEN SO
THAT A MAT OF RANDOMLY
INTERWOVEN FIBERS IS LAID
DOWN. WATER IS REMOVED FROM
THIS MAT OF FIBERS BY PRESSING
AND DRYING TO MAKE PAPER.
Industrial Papermaking
Mechanical pulping process
Logging
-is the process in which
certain trees are cut down
by a lumberjack or
machine, such as the
feller, buncher, for
forest management
and timber.
 De-barking
- it is a process wherein a movable drum
removes the bark of the logs.

- the removed barks are be used as fuel


or compost.
Woodchipping
-IS THE PROCESS OF CUTTING
THE LOGS INTO SMALLER
PIECES WITH THE USE OF
CHIPPING MACHINE.
 Pulping Processes

Mechanical Pulping
-grindstones with embedded silicon carbide or
aluminum oxide can be used to grind small
wood logs called "bolts" to make stone
groundwood pulp (SGW)

- if the wood is steamed prior to grinding it is


known as pressure groundwood pulp (GWP)
-if the chips are just ground up with the
plates, the pulp is called refiner mechanical
pulp (RMP)

- if the chips are steamed while being refined


the pulp is called thermomechanical pulp
(TMP)
Chemical pulp

-is produced by combining wood chips


and chemicals in large vessels known as
digesters where heat and the chemicals
break down the lignin, which binds the
cellulose fibers together.
Bleaching

-the pulp can be bleached to produce a


white paper product.

-the chemicals has been using alternatives


to chlorine, such as chlorine dioxide,
oxygen, ozone and hydrogen peroxide.
 Producing paper

-the pulp is feed to a paper machine where


it is formed as a paper web and the water
is removed from it by pressing and drying.

-pressing the sheet removes the water by


force. Once the water is forced from the
sheet, felt is used to collect the water.
-drying involves using air and or heat
to remove water from the paper sheet.

-the most common is the steam-heated


can dryer.
Finishing

-the paper may then undergo sizing to alter its


physical properties for use in various
applications.
The Papermaking
Process

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