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A Sine Bar Is A Tool Used To Measure Angles in Metalworking

An autocollimator is an optical instrument used to measure small angular differences. It works by projecting a collimated light beam that is reflected off an external reflector back into the instrument. The autocollimator then measures the deviation between the emitted and reflected beams, allowing it to determine the angle of the reflector without contacting it. The measured angle is directly proportional to the shift of the reflected beam in the image plane, with resolution increasing for larger focal length objectives. Angle gauges can also be used directly or with a square plate to measure angles in die inserts.

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Piu Kundu
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248 views

A Sine Bar Is A Tool Used To Measure Angles in Metalworking

An autocollimator is an optical instrument used to measure small angular differences. It works by projecting a collimated light beam that is reflected off an external reflector back into the instrument. The autocollimator then measures the deviation between the emitted and reflected beams, allowing it to determine the angle of the reflector without contacting it. The measured angle is directly proportional to the shift of the reflected beam in the image plane, with resolution increasing for larger focal length objectives. Angle gauges can also be used directly or with a square plate to measure angles in die inserts.

Uploaded by

Piu Kundu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANGULAR MEASUREMENT-SINE

BAR
A sine bar is a tool used to measure angles in
Metalworking
ANGULAR MEASUREMENT-SINE
BAR
Uses sine principal --

Measurement usually limited to 45


degree due to loss of accuracy pt of view.

Sine bar used in conjunction with slip


gauges
Important parameters

Made from high carbon, high chromium, corrosion


resistant steel, hardened, ground stabilized.
Two cylinders of equal diameter are attached at the
ends.
Axis of cylinder parallel to each other and parallel to
and at equal distance from upper surface of sine bar.
SINE BAR – working principal

Angles are measured using a sine bar with the help of gauge
blocks and a dial gauge or a spirit level. The aim of a
measurement is to make the surface on which the dial gauge
or spirit level is placed horizontal. For example, to measure
the angle of a wedge, the wedge is placed on a horizontal
table. The sine bar is placed over the inclined surface of the
wedge. At this position, the top surface of the sine bar is
inclined the same amount as the wedge. Using gauge blocks,
the top surface is made horizontal. The sine of the angle of
inclination of the wedge is the ratio of the height of the
gauge blocks used and the distance between the centers of
the cylinders.
USE OF SINE BAR

1.CHECKING OF UNKNOWN ANGLE ‘θ ’ OF WORKPIECE

Sin θ = h
l
θ
l
h
USE OF SINE BAR

2.MEASURING KNOWN ANGLES OR LOCATING ANY


WORK TO A GIVEN ANGLE

Knowing θ , ‘h’ can


be found out and
any work could be
set at that angle as
The top face of sine
bar is inclined at
Angle θ to the
surface plate.
USE OF SINE BAR –

3.CKECKING OF UNKNOWN ANGLES OF HEAVY COMPONENT


Sine bar mounted on component .The height over the
rollers can then be measured with vernier height
gauge. Differene of two readings of height gauge
divided by centre distance of sine bar gives sine of
angle of component to measure.

Sine bar
h2
h1 component
Sine bar impractical to use above 45
degree

Physically clumsy to hold.

Slight error of sine bar causes large angular error.

Temperature variation becomes critical.

Body of sine bar obstructs gauge block stack.


PRECAUTION

Should not be used for angle greater than 60 degree.

Compound angle should not be formed by


misalignment of work piece.

Accuracy of sine bar to be ensured.

Longer sine bar used as many error reduced by


using longer bar.
SINE BAR – types

Sine centre
A special type of sine bar is sine centre which is used for
conical objects having male and female parts. It cannot measure
the angle more than 45 degrees.

Sine table
Sine table (or sine plate) is used to measure angles of large
workpieces.

Compound sine table


It is used to measure compound angles of large workpieces. In
this case, two sine tables are mounted one over the other at
right angles. The tables can be twisted to get the required
alignment.
AUTOCOLLIMATOR

OPTICAL INSRUMENT FOR MEASUREMENT OF SMALL


ANGULAR DIFFERENCE
Principles of operation

The autocollimator projects a beam of collimated


light. An external reflector reflects all or part of the
beam back into the instrument where the beam is
focused and detected by a photodetector. The
autocollimator measures the deviation between the
emitted beam and the reflected beam. Because the
autocollimator uses light to measure angles, it never
comes into contact with the test surface.
Principles of operation
Principles of operation
Principles of operation

Like in the collimator the image of the illuminated object reticle


is projected by the objective lens to infinity. In some distance,
the collimated beam is reflected back from a mirrored surface .
If the mirror surface is tilted by an angle α with respect to the
optical axis, the reflected beam will enter the objective lens with
an angle 2α. This leads to a shift d of the image in the image
plane which can be calculated with the objective focal length f
giving d = 2α x f or α = d/( 2f ). Thus, the sample angle is
directly proportional to the measured shift in the image plane
(small angles assumed). The resolution of an autocollimator
increases proportionally and the angular field of view
reciprocally with the focal length of the objective lens.
ANGLE GAUGES

1)Direct use of angle gauges to measure the angle in die insert


2)Use of angle gauges with square plate.

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