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Steels For Concrete Reinforcement:: Rebend Testing of Bars

This document describes a procedure for rebend testing of steel bars used for concrete reinforcement. The test involves bending a sample of reinforcing steel over a mandrel, artificially aging it at 100°C for 2 hours, and then rebending it to check for cracks. Any cracks observed after rebending would indicate the steel has been embrittled by free nitrogen absorbed during production. The test is intended to reveal issues with ductility caused by too high a content of free nitrogen in the steel.

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Ganesh Sawant
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5K views6 pages

Steels For Concrete Reinforcement:: Rebend Testing of Bars

This document describes a procedure for rebend testing of steel bars used for concrete reinforcement. The test involves bending a sample of reinforcing steel over a mandrel, artificially aging it at 100°C for 2 hours, and then rebending it to check for cracks. Any cracks observed after rebending would indicate the steel has been embrittled by free nitrogen absorbed during production. The test is intended to reveal issues with ductility caused by too high a content of free nitrogen in the steel.

Uploaded by

Ganesh Sawant
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STEELS FOR CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT:

REBEND TESTING OF BARS

1. SCOPE

This NORDTEST method describes a procedure to reveal through


mechanical testing the eventual embrittling effect of free
(unbound) nitrogen.

The reason for using this method is that the content of free nitrogen
arises in the steel smelt at high temperatures and when feeding it
with nitrogen containing gases. If the content of free nitrogen is too
high, it will effect the ductility after cold-working and ageing.

2. FIELD OF APPLICATION

This method applies to all types or grades of non-prestressing


reinforcing steel.

3. REFERENCES

None.

published by key words classification

NORDTEST reinforcing steel UDC 620.174:691.713


Tekniikantie 12 testing
FIN-02150 ESBO rebend testing ISSN 0283-7196
Finland strain ageing
www.nordtest.org
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4. SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS

Symbol Definition Unit


dn nominal diameter of test piece mm
D diameter of mandrel mm
α angle of bend degree

5. METHOD OF TESTING

All parts of the test procedure shall be performed at ambient tempe-


rature of 23 ± 5 °C, except when the steel is being aged.

The testing shall be carried out by qualified persons. If com-


puterized testing is used, the procedure shall be well documented.

5.1 Apparatus

Equipment for bend testing which allows bending and rebending is


shown in Fig. 1-3.

If the mandrel is provided with a groove, this shall have a radius


of curvature of at least 1.2-1.5 times the nominal diameter dn of
the bar to be tested.

5.2 Test piece

A test piece of sufficient length is cut or sawn from the bar. If


test pieces are taken from welded fabrics they shall not contain
any heat affected zones (HAZ).

6. PROCEDURE

The test procedure consists of bending, ageing, rebending and in-


spection in that order.

6.1 Bending

The test piece shall be bent over a mandrel with diameter (D) not
greater than 10 times dn. The angle after unloading shall be 90°.
The time to complete the bending shall be at least 1 sec.

Note A recommended series of mandrel diameters are given in appendix.


D
I
. .
(--J-J
.

Ii4
u
I .
I- ..-. .-
I

Fig. 1. Parallel guided bending.

Support 1 Carrier

Fig. 2. Bending with rotating rollers.

Fig. 3. Rebending.
-4-

6.2 Artificial ageing

The bent test piece is artificially aged at +100 °C for two hours
(2 h) in still air furnace or half an hour in boiling water follow-
ed by free cooling in air, to ambient temperature.

As option a temperature of +250 °C for half an hour (0.5 h) can


also be used.

6.3 Rebending

The bent and aged test piece shall be rebent. The distance between
the support rollers shall allow the rebend to take place within the
bent area until the angle after unloading is reduced to less than
70° (Fig. 3).

6.4 Inspection

After rebending, no fracture, transverse or oblique cracks visible


to the naked eye shall occur on the test piece.

7. TEST REPORT

The test report shall include the following information if relevant:

a) Name and address of the testing laboratory


b) Identification number of the test report
c) Name and address of the organization or the person who ordered
the test
d) Purpose of the test
e) Method of sampling and other circumstances (date and person
responsible for the sampling)
f) Name and address of manufacturer or supplier of the tested object
g) Name or other identification marks of the tested object
h) Type, grade and dimensions of tested object
i) Date of supply of the tested object
j) Date of the test
k) Test method
-5-

1) Conditioning of the test specimens, environmental data during


the test (temperature, pressure, RH, etc)
m) Identification of the test equipment and instruments used
n) Any deviations from the test method
o) Test results (use SI units)
p) Inaccuracy or uncertainty of the test result
q) Conclusion
r) Date and signature
APPENDIX

The following mandrel diameters are recommended for the


bend testing

Test piece Mandrel


Diameter Diameter Diameter
mm mm mm
a) b)

6 50 63
8 63 80
10 80 100
12 100 125
16 125 160
20 160 200
25 200 250
32 250 320

a) This serie will give a deformation over 5%.


b) This serie will give a deformation below 5%.

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