Title: Comparison on the Regeneration of Herbaceous Plants: Mayana (Coeus blumei

benth.), Angelica (Angelica archangelica), and Kalabo (Coleus aromaticus benth.)

Abstract:

Regeneration is particularly in animals like lizards. The researcher wants to find out if the plant can also
regenerate like animals. She wants to know if theplants grow a new part to replace the one that was lost.

This study will help us know if the Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo can regenerate and grow new part after
it was cut off. Regeneration will not only be in animals such as lizards, but also in plants. This study would
also help us know how to produce more kinds of plants in more pratical ways.

In one month, the researcher planted the herbaceous plants. The researcher made 3 trials each
herbaceous plant in the same size. She then observed the pieces of branches of the three herbaceous
plants for 3 weeks. In twelve to thirteen days, there were growth occurred in the stump.

Results showed that the herbaceous plants grew a new part to replaced the one that was lost.
Regeneration also occurred in plants. Therefore, the plant can aslo regenerate like animals do.

Chapter 1

Background of the Study:

Regeneration is when an being regrows a lost limb or other body part. It is particularly in animals. For
example, some lizards can regenerate their tails if they break off. In biology, regeneration is the ability to
recreate lost or damaged tissues, organs and limbs.
Mayana (Coeus blumei benth.) is an erect, branched, fleshy annual herb, about 1m high. This plant is
cultivated for ornamental purposes and this plant can make volatile oils. Angelica (Angelica
archangelica) is a biennial herb with a height of 1-1.5m. Its uses is for culinary. This plant grows best in
semi-shade. Kalabo (Coleus aromaticus benth.) is an aromatic Eurasian plant related to marjoram, with
small purple flowers and leaves used as a culinary herb. Fresh leaves yield 0.055 volatile oils, largely
carvacrol.
In this relation, the researcher, wants to find out if the plant can also regenerate like animals. In this
study, the researcher uses Mayana (Coeus blumei benth.), Angelica (Angelica archangelica), and Kalabo
(Coleus aromaticus benth.) plants because they are durable and easy to grow.

Statement of the Problem:

The researcher wants to study regeneration in plants and wants to know if the plants grow a new part to
replace the one that was lost.
The researcher aims to answer the ff. questions:

1. Does Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo plants die if a part is cut off?

2. Does the part die after being cut from the Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo plants?

3. Does the three (3) hebaceous plants grow a new part to replace the one that was lost?
Hypotheses:
1. The Mayana, Ange;lica, and Kalabo plants grow a new part to replace the one that was lost.

2. The three (3) plants die after their parts are cut off.

Significance of the Study:

This study will help us know if the Mayana (Coeus blumei benth.), Angelica (Angelica archangelica), and
Kalabo (Coleus aromaticus benth.) can regenerate and grow new part after it was cut off. Regeneration
will not only be in animals such as lizards, but also in plants. This study would also help us know how to
produce more kinds of plants in more practical ways.

Scope and Limitation:

This study entitled: Comparison on the Regeneration of Herbaceous Plants: Mayan (Coeus blumei
benth.), Angelica (Angelica archangelica) and Kalabo (Coleus aromaticus benth.) is limited only in
regeneration of the parts that were cut off on the three (3) herbaceous plants. The treatment of the pieces
of branches and the three (3) plants where the pieces of branch were cut off are the same: from the tin
cans, water treatment, moist soil and source of light.
Definition of Terms:
annual- a plant that lives only one year.

biennial- lasting two years; occurring every tow years: a plant that lasts for two years.

durable- lasting; not easily worn out.

herbaceous- of or like herbs; green and leafy.

regeneration- the ability to recreate lost or damged tissues, organs and limbs.

volatile- evaporating rapidly; lively; changeable.

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

Mayana (Coeus blumei benth.) is an erect, branched, fleshy annual herb, about 1m high. Stems, purplish
and 4-angled. Leaves are blotched or colored, ovate, 5-10cm long, with toothed margins. Flowers are
purplish, numerous, in simple or branched inflorescences, 15-30cm long. This plant can make volatile oils
and cure bruises and spraina, carminative, headache, mild bleeding of wounds, sinusitis, dyspepsia, and
eye inflammation. It may be grown in the garden in bright, indirect light, or in practical shade, and will
survive full sun exposure.<http://www.yahoo.com/>

Angelica (Angelica archangelica) is a biennial herb-growing the first year and flowering the second- it
will continue to live for several more years if you dip off the flower stems before they bloom. The yellowish
green, tropical looking leaves are large, becoming about 0.7-1m long, and are divided into 3 leaflets with
toothed edges. Angelica likes moist, rich soil that is slightly acis, growing best in semi-shade. Its uses is for
culinary. <http://www.google.com.ph/> <http://www.wikipedia.org/>

Kalabo (Coleus aromaticus benth.) is an aromatic Eurasian ploant related to marjoram, with small purple
flowers and leaves used as a culinary herb. Strongly aromatic erect, spreading plant, with many branches,
with fleshy leaves and stems. Leaves are heart-shaped, 4 to 9cm long, the margins toothed and rounded,
with small flowers. Its medicinal uses are for dyspepsia, asthma, chronic coughs, bronchits, coloic,
flatulence, rheumatism, otalgia (ear aches), carbuncles, boils, sprains, felons, painful swellings and sore
throats. <http://www.yahoo.com/> <http://www.google.com.ph/>

Chapter 3
Methodology

Materials:

1. Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo plants (each growing in tin can)

2. Empty tin cans of the same size as the ones with Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo plants

3. Plastic bags

4. Razor blades or sharp knives

5. soil
6. labels

7. waxed paper

8. string

Procedures:
A. Growing of the Herbaceous Plants for one month and observation of growth
The researcher planted the herbaceous plants namely Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo in tin cans with the
same size. The researcher observed the growth of the plants in one month. She made a table data in
observing the growth of the plants.

Table 1: Growth of the Herbaceous Plants for one month

Plants ---- Height(cm)

Mayana
Angelica
Kalabo

B. Cuttings and Regeneration

The researcher made 3 trials each herbaceous plants in the same size as the ones with Mayana, Angelica,
and Kalabo plants. She selected towo branches of the Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo plants, each 5 or
more centimeters in leght. She cutted off each branch about 1cm above the bottom pair of leaves. She cut
two pieces 3 to 4cm long having at least 1 pair of leaves. With a piece of string, she attached label with the
letter "A" to the pieces, two pieces 3 to 4cm long which includes a portion located between 2pairs of
leaves. She labeled these leafless pieces "B". The researcher took the second and third branches and plant
it upright in the soil. She labeled these branches "C" and made sure that at least 3 to 4cm of its stem is
buried in the soil. She inverted a plastic bag over the can and fasten the open end around the rim of the
can with string. She wrapped one of the split stumps near its base with a few turns of string, so that the
two cut surfaces were held together. She placed a piece of waxed paper between the halves of the other
split and wrapped it also with 1 or 2 turns of string. The two cut surfaces were thus separated by the waxed
paper. She placed the 9 cans where they received light during the day, but where the temperature is not
too high (not over 25-32 degrees Celsius). She checked the cans every 2 or 3 days and add water if
necessary. After 3 weeks, she removed the plastic bag and examined the pieces which were placed in the
soil.
Table A: Cuttings
Plants ----Pieces ----------------------Days
-----------------------1 ---2 ---3 ---4--- 5--- 6--- 7--- 8--- 9--- 10--- 11--- 12--- 13
Mayana ----A
-------------B
-------------C
Angelica ----A
-------------B
-------------C

Kalabo -----A
-------------B
-------------C

Legend:
1-no particular change happened
2-cut surface begin to changed
3-there are development on the sides or on the corners of the stem
4-growth of either the stem/leaves on the cut surface

Table B: Regeneration of the Parent Herbaceous Plants

Plants ---------Cuts----------------------- Days
-----------------------1--- 2--- 3--- 4--- 5--- 6--- 7--- 8--- 9--- 10--- 11--- 12--- 13
Mayana --------A
-----------------B
-----------------C
Angelica --------A
-----------------B
-----------------C
Kalabo ---------A
-----------------B
-----------------C

Legend:
1-no particular change happened
2-cut surface begin to change
3-there are development on the sides/on the corners of the stem
4-growth of wither the stem/leaves on the cut surface
5-growth occurred in the stump

Chapter 4

Results and Discussion

In this chapter, it tries to discuss the observation noted on the regeneration of the herbaceous plants:
Mayana (Coeus blumei benth.), Angelica (Angelica archangelica), and Kalabo (Coleus aromaticus
benth.).

Table 1: Growth of the Plants in one month

Plants---- --Height(cm)
Mayana ---- 31.4
Angelica ---- 29.6
Kalabo ----- 22.1
In Table 1, the researcher grew the herbaceous plants in one month in tin cans with the same size, and
with the same treatment.

Table 2: Cuttings of the Pieces of the Herbaceous Plants

Plants ------Pieces ------------------------------Days

----------------------1--- 2--- 3--- 4--- 5--- 6--- 7--- 8--- 9--- 10--- 11--- 12--- 13
Mayana ------A------1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4 --- 4----- 4
---------------B------1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4 --- 4---- 4
---------------C------1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4 --- 4-----4

Angelica------ A------1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4---- 4--- 4
---------------B----- 1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4---- 4--- 4
---------------C----- 1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4---- 4--- 4

Kalabo -------A------1--- 1---- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4----- 4--- 4
---------------B------1--- 1---- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4----- 4--- 4
---------------C------1--- 1---- 1--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3---- 4----- 4--- 4
Legend:
1-no particular change happened
2-cut surface begin to changed
3-there are development on the side or on the corners of the stem
4-growth of either the stem or laves on the cut surface

Table 3: Regeneration of the Parent Herbaceous Plants

Plants---------- Cuts--------------------------------Days
-----------------------1--- 2--- 3--- 4--- 5--- 6--- 7--- 8--- 9--- 10--- 11--- 12--- 13
Mayana---------A-----1--- 1--- 1---- 1--- 2--- 2--- 3--- 3--- 3 ---4 ----4 -----5---- 5
-----------------B---- 1----1--- 1--- 1--- 2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5
-----------------C---- 1--- 1--- 1--- 1----2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5

Angelica---------A---- 1--- 1--- 1--- 1----2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5
-----------------B---- 1--- 1--- 1--- 1----2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5
-----------------C ---- 1--- 1--- 1--- 1----2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5

Kalabo---------- A----1--- 1--- 1--- 1----2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5
----------------- B---- 1--- 1--- 1--- 1----2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5
-----------------C ---- 1--- 1--- 1--- 1----2--- 2---- 3--- 3--- 3--- 4---- 4---- 5---- 5
Legend:
1-no particular change happened
2-cut surface begin to change
3-there are development on the sides/on the corners of the stem
4-growth of either the stem/leaves on the cut surface
5-growth occurred in the stump
 In Table 2 and Table 3, the researcher made a legend in her
observation of the pieces of the herbaceous plants and the
regeneration of the parent herbaceous plants. As observed, in a
shorter days, the pieces that were cut off on the parent
herbaceous plants had changed and showed changes on the cut
surface. Regeneration on the parent herbaceous plants also
showed changes in a shorter days as well. The three pieces of
Mayana in Table 2 doesn't showed change in three days. In four
to seven days, the cut surface of pieces A, B, and C began to
change. In eight to ten days, there are development on the sides
or on the corners of the stem and in eleven to thirteen days,
there were growth of either the stem or leaves on the cut surface.
Pieces of Angelica and Kalabo showed no change in one to three
days, but in four to six days, their cut surface of Angelica began
to change while Kalabo cuts were in four to seven days. Angelica
cuts showed developments on the sides or on the corners of the
stem in seven to ten days while Kalabo cuts showed
developments in eight to ten days. In eleven to thirteen days,
pieces A, B, and C of Angelica and Kalabo showed growth of
either the stem or leaves on the cut surface. Table 3 showed the
observation noted of the regeneration of the parent herbaceous
plants. Mayana, Angelica, and Kalabo plants showed no change in one to four days. In five to six days,
their cut surfaces began to change. In seven to nine days, there were development on the sides or on the
corners of the stem. In ten to eleven days, the cuts showed growth of either the stem or leaves on the cut
surface. In twelve to thirteen days, there were growth occurred in the stump.
 Chapter 5
Conclusion:
Results showed that the herbaceous plants grew a new part to replaced the one that was lost.
Regeneration also occurred in plants. Therefore, the plant can aslo regenerate like animals do.

Recommendations:
The researcher recommended to research and provide study related to this investigatory project.

Bibliography:
http://www.yahoo.com/

http://www.stuartxchange.org/Mayana.html

http://www.google.com.ph/

http://www.wikipedia.org/
http://www.ask.com/

http://www.pcarrd.dost.gov.ph/prosea/proseaherbal/mayana_doc.htm
Acknowledgment
The researcher want to thank the ff. people who helped her in her study:
 To my parents; Mr.&Mrs. Suson for the moral and financial support.
 My classmates for answering my questions in relation to my study.
 My friends for cheering me up while doing this study.
 To my beloved teacher in Research, Ms. Balve Granido, for guiding me in my write-ups also for
supporting me.
 And especially to God, for enlightening my mind, for guiding me, for the support and for the
blessings.