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Immobilized Enzymes

Immobilized enzymes are enzymes that are covalently bound to an inert, water-soluble support medium like sodium alginate. This allows the enzyme to be reused multiple times and rapidly stops reactions by removing the enzyme. Techniques for immobilizing enzymes include entrapment within a polymer matrix, covalent binding to functional groups on a support, cross-linking enzymes together or to a support, and physical adsorption of enzymes onto a solid surface.

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227 views8 pages

Immobilized Enzymes

Immobilized enzymes are enzymes that are covalently bound to an inert, water-soluble support medium like sodium alginate. This allows the enzyme to be reused multiple times and rapidly stops reactions by removing the enzyme. Techniques for immobilizing enzymes include entrapment within a polymer matrix, covalent binding to functional groups on a support, cross-linking enzymes together or to a support, and physical adsorption of enzymes onto a solid surface.

Uploaded by

Exuberant Khan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Immobilized Enzymes

These are those enzymes which can be made


stationary or immobilized in an aqueous solution by
covalently binding the enzyme to a water soluble
and inert support medium such as sodium alginate.
History
• In 1916 Nelson and Griffin discovered that invertase exhibited
the same activity when absorbed on solid (charcoal or
aluminium hydroxide) at the bottom of rxn vessel as when
uniformly distributed throughout the solution. This discovery
was the 1st of various enzyme immobilization techniques
currently available. Besides absorption, different covalent
methods of enzyme immobilization were developed in the
1950s and 1960s.
• + E immobilization
• (solid support)(free enzyme) (immobilised
enzyme)
Advantages
The main advantages of immobilized enzymes are
1. Multiple or repetitive use of a single bath of
enzyme
2. The ability to stop the rxn rapidly by removing
the enzyme from the rxn solution.
3. Enzymes are usually stabilized by bounding.
4. Product is not contaminated with the enzyme.
Techniques And Supports For Immobilization

• A large no of techniques and supports


are now available for immobilization of
enzymes on a variety of natural and
synthetic supports. Techniques for
immobilization have been broadly
classified into four categories namely.
Entrapment Enzymes
• The Entrapment method of immobilization is
based on the localization of an enzyme within
the lattice of a polymer matrix membrane
Covalent Binding
• This technique involve the formation of
covalent bonds b/w the enzymes and support
matrix. Enzymes are covalently linked to the
support thorough the functional groups in the
enzymes, which are not essential for catalytic
activity.
• + E immobilization
Cross Linking
• In this technique the immobilization of
enzymes has been achieved by intermolecular
cross-linking of the protein, either to other
protein molecules or to functional groups on
an insoluble support matrix.
Adsorption
• Physical adsorption of an enzyme onto a solid
is probably the simplest way of preparing
immobilized enzyme. This technique relies on
non-specific physical interaction b/w the
enzyme protein and the surface matrix,
brought about by mixing a concentrated
solution of enzyme with the solid.

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