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Embedded Operating Systems and Linux: Presented by Aaruni Giriraj Viiith Sem I.T

This document discusses embedded operating systems and Linux. It defines embedded systems and what makes a good embedded OS. Linux is presented as a popular open source option for embedded systems, with various commercial and open source Linux distributions available. The document outlines some applications of embedded Linux and discusses development considerations like target CPUs and language choices.

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Aaruni Giriraj
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148 views

Embedded Operating Systems and Linux: Presented by Aaruni Giriraj Viiith Sem I.T

This document discusses embedded operating systems and Linux. It defines embedded systems and what makes a good embedded OS. Linux is presented as a popular open source option for embedded systems, with various commercial and open source Linux distributions available. The document outlines some applications of embedded Linux and discusses development considerations like target CPUs and language choices.

Uploaded by

Aaruni Giriraj
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Embedded Operating Systems

and Linux

Presented by
Aaruni Giriraj
VIIIth Sem I.T
Agenda
 What is an embedded Operating System
 Who are the players
 Linux as an embedded OS
 Tools and development
 Applications and products
 The embedded OS market
 Embedded OS Resources
OS Flavors
 Desktop
• Windows (9X, XP Home, XP/2000 Pro)
• Mac
 Server
• Windows (XP/2000 Server &Advanced Server)
• Unix Varieties
 Embedded
• Many
What is an Embedded OS?
 An "embedded system" is any computer system or
computing device that performs a dedicated function or is
designed for use with a specific embedded software
application.

 Embedded systems may use a ROM-based operating


system or they may use a disk-based system, like a PC.
But an embedded system is not usable as a commercially
viable substitute for general purpose computers or devices.
What makes a good Embedded OS?
 Modular
 Scalable
 Configurable
 Small footprint
 CPU support
 Device drivers
 etc, etc, etc...
What is Real Time?

“Real time in operating systems:

The ability of the operating system to


provide a required level of service in a
bounded response time.”

- POSIX Standard 1003.1


Hard vs. Soft Real Time
 Hard
• guaranteed worst-case response times
• absolutely, positively, first time every
time
 Soft
• Kinda, sorta, usually
What makes a good RTOS?
 Multi-threaded and pre-emptible
 Thread priority has to exist because no
deadline driven OS exists
 Must support predictable thread
synchronization mechanisms
 A system of priority inheritance must exist
Commercial Embedded Linux
 Neoware NeoLinux
• Red Hat derived for information appliances
 PalmPalm Tynux
• Internet appliuance and multimedia
 Red Hat Embedded Linux
• general purpose embedded solution
 RedSonic Red-Ice Linux
• runs from DiskonChip or CompactFlash
Open Source Embedded Linux
 Embedded Debian Project
• convert Debian to an embedded OS
 ETLinux
• for PC104 SBC’s
 uCLinux
• for microprocessors that don’t have MM
 uLinux (muLinux)
• distro fits on a single floppy
Commercial Linux RTOS

 FSMLabs - Open RT Linux


 Lineo - Embedix Realtime
 LynuxWorks - BlueCat RT
 MontaVista Software - Real Time Extensions
 REDSonic - REDICE Linux
 TimeSys - Linux/Real-Time
Open Source Linux RTOS

 ART Linux - real time extension based on


RTLinux
 KURT - event schedules with 10us resolution
 Linux-SRT - for soft real time apps like
multimedia
 Qlinux - provides Quality of Service guarantees
 RTAI - “hard” Real Time Application Interface
RTLinux
 A “hard real-time” mini operating system
 runs Linux as it’s lowest priority execution thread
 Linux thread completely preemptible
 Real time threads and interrupt handlers never
delayed by non-realtime operations
 Supports user level programming
 MiniRTL implementation fits on a floppy
What’s so special about Linux?
 Multiple choices vs. sole source
 Source code freely available
 Robust and reliable
 Modular, configurable, scalable
 Superb support for networking and Internet
 No runtime licenses
 Large pool of skilled developers
What’s so special about Linux?
What’s special about Open Source?
Flies in the Ointment
 Lack of hardware device drivers
 Competing and/or lacking standards
 No formalized qualification testing
 No single source for marketing
 GPL license issues
 Startup vendors with shaky futures
What CPU’s will it run on?
 Intel X86
 MIPS
 ARM
 StrongARM
 PowerPC
 Hitachi SuperH
C or C++ for Development?
 In general C is a better choice
• Advanced OOP features can cause code bloat
• C++ compilers can generate many routines for
a single function
• Virtual methods and polymorphism slow
program launch times significantly
 Size really does matter
Target Applications
Cell and Web Phones
Telepong Mobile
Phone

GITWiT Mobile Aplio/PRO IP Phone


Phone
Growth of Embedded Linux
For Further Info
Web Sites

 LinuxDevices.com
http://www.linuxdevices.com/
 Embedded Linux Consortium
http://www.embedded-linux.org/index.php3
 All Linux Devices
http://alllinuxdevices.com/
 Embedded Linux StarGate
http://linux-embedded.com/
For Further Info
Web Sites/Magazines

 Dr. Dobbs Embedded Systems


http://www.ddjembedded.com/about/

 Embedded Linux Journal


http://embedded.linuxjournal.com/

 Embedded Systems Programming


http://www.embedded.com/mag.htm

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