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Switching Networks: Computer, Terminal, Phone, Etc

Nodes in communications networks are connected and switch data from one node to another to route traffic across long distances. There are two main switching technologies: circuit switching and packet switching. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated communication path between two end stations by going through a three phase process of establishing, transferring, and disconnecting the connection. It is inefficient since channel capacity is dedicated for the duration of the connection, even if no data is being sent.

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Hemant Srivastava
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11 views

Switching Networks: Computer, Terminal, Phone, Etc

Nodes in communications networks are connected and switch data from one node to another to route traffic across long distances. There are two main switching technologies: circuit switching and packet switching. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated communication path between two end stations by going through a three phase process of establishing, transferring, and disconnecting the connection. It is inefficient since channel capacity is dedicated for the duration of the connection, even if no data is being sent.

Uploaded by

Hemant Srivastava
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Switching Networks

• Long distance transmission is typically done over


a network of switched nodes
• Nodes not concerned with content of data
• End devices are stations
—Computer, terminal, phone, etc.
• A collection of nodes and connections is a
communications network
• Data routed by being switched from node to
node
Nodes
• Nodes may connect to other nodes only, or to
stations and other nodes
• Node to node links usually multiplexed
• Network is usually partially connected
—Some redundant connections are desirable for
reliability
• Two different switching technologies
—Circuit switching
—Packet switching
Simple Switched Network
Circuit Switching
• Dedicated communication path between two
stations
• Three phases
—Establish
—Transfer
—Disconnect
• Must have switching capacity and channel
capacity to establish connection
• Must have intelligence to work out routing
Circuit Switching - Applications
• Inefficient
—Channel capacity dedicated for duration of
connection
—If no data, capacity wasted
• Set up (connection) takes time
• Once connected, transfer is transparent
• Developed for voice traffic (phone)
Telecomms Components
• Subscriber
— Devices attached to network
• Subscriber line
— Local Loop
— Subscriber loop
— Connection to network
— Few km up to few tens of km
• Exchange
— Switching centers
— End office - supports subscribers
• Trunks
— Branches between exchanges
— Multiplexed
Circuit Establishment
Circuit Switching Concepts
• Digital Switch
—Provide transparent signal path between devices
• Network Interface
• Control Unit
—Establish connections
• Generally on demand
• Handle and acknowledge requests
• Determine if destination is free
• construct path
—Maintain connection
—Disconnect

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