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ميحرلا نمحرلا الله مسب Genus: Chlamydia: Prof. Khalifa Sifawghenghesh

The document discusses the genus Chlamydia, including that it is a small, Gram-negative, obligate intracellular parasite. It cannot produce its own ATP and must use the host's ATP. Chlamydia species include C. trachomatis, C. psittaci, and C. pneumoniae, which can cause various infections in humans and animals such as trachoma, pneumonia, and genital infections. Laboratory diagnosis involves culturing, antigen detection by PCR, and serology. Treatment involves tetracycline, erythromycin, or azithromycin. Control involves contact tracing, animal contact avoidance, and hygiene measures.

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Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh
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101 views19 pages

ميحرلا نمحرلا الله مسب Genus: Chlamydia: Prof. Khalifa Sifawghenghesh

The document discusses the genus Chlamydia, including that it is a small, Gram-negative, obligate intracellular parasite. It cannot produce its own ATP and must use the host's ATP. Chlamydia species include C. trachomatis, C. psittaci, and C. pneumoniae, which can cause various infections in humans and animals such as trachoma, pneumonia, and genital infections. Laboratory diagnosis involves culturing, antigen detection by PCR, and serology. Treatment involves tetracycline, erythromycin, or azithromycin. Control involves contact tracing, animal contact avoidance, and hygiene measures.

Uploaded by

Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

GENUS: CHLAMYDIA
Prof. Khalifa SifawGhenghesh
 Small Gram-negative bacteria (Stain poorly
with Gram’s stain)
 Like Bacteria
 Have both DNA and RNA, Ribosomes, a Cell
wall, and Divide by Binary fission
 Like Viruses
 Obligate intracellular parasites

 Differ from Bacteria


 Have no peptidoglycan in their cell wall
 Can not produce their own ATP
 Require to use host ATP (Energy parasite)
Chlamydia species
 C. trachomatis
 3 biovars
 Those causing trachoma and inclusion

conjunctivitis (TRIC)
 Those causing lymphogranuloma

venereum (LGV)
 The one causing mouse pneumonitis (MoPn)

 C. psittaci > Infect both mammals and birds


 C. pneumoniae > both humans and animals
 C. pecorum > Some infect mammals
 Trachoma biovars
 14 Serovars: A-K
 Serovars A, Ba, B, C
 Classic trachoma
 Serovars D-K
 Inclusion conjunctivitis and Genital
infections
 LGV biovars
3 Serovars: L1, L2, L3
 Can be stained with Giemsa stain
 Elementary body (EB)
 Extracellular,infectious metabolically
inert form of chlamydiae
 Reticulate body (RB)
 Intracellular,
non-infectious,
metabolically active particle
Infection to Humans
 Ocular infection
 Trachoma > in countries where sanitation
and hygiene standards are poor
 Spread by eye seeking flies, or fingers,
from one patient to another
 Blindness
 “Trachoma belt” > North Africa to South-East
Asia

 Adult inclusion conjunctivitis


(paratrachoma)
 Acute stage >> follicular conjunctivitis
 Self-limited
 Chlamydial ophthalmia neonatrum
(inclusion blennorrhoea)
 5-21 days after birth

 If not treated > after 1 year >

secondary bacterial infection >


ocular damage and even blindness
 Source:

 infected genital tract of the mother


 Genital infection
 C. trachomatis is the Commonest
cause of non-gonococcal urethritis
in males (30%)
 LGV
 In both males and females in

tropics and subtropics


 In females
 Mucopurulent cervicitis and
urethritis
 Vaginitis and vaginal discharge

 Asymptomatic females if not

treated
 Ascending infection >> Pelvic
inflammatory disease (endometritis
or salpingitis or both)
 Tubal damage >> ectopic pregnancy
and infertility
 Infection in pregnancy
 C. psittaci
 Miscarriage or intra-uterine death
 Patients had contact with sheep

 C. trachomatis
 Isolated from abortion products
 Respiratory infection
 C. pneumoniae
 3rd or 4th cause of pneumonia

 Pharyngitis, bronchitis, otitis and

sinusitis

 C. psittaci
 Psittacosis in humans from avian

strains
 Disease ranges from an influenza-like

illness, to severe illness with typhoidal


state ad pneumonia.
 C. trachomatis
 Pneumonitis in neonates

(infection acquired from the


mother)
Laboratory Diagnosis
 Cultivation
 MacCoy cells treated with
cycloheximide
 Organism detected by staining for
inclusions or EBs
 Detects only living cells
 Antigen detection
 Using probes for DNA or mRNA that
identify the infected cells
 PCR
 Amplification of parts of the genome
Chlamydia trachomatis
from a urethral scrape
 Serology
 Micro-immunofluorescence test
 Using Ags from all chlamydial
strains to detect species-specific
and serovar-specific Ab

 Complement fixation test


 Detecting Ab in serum directed
against group Ag
Chlamydia psittaci
Direct FA stained mouse brain impression smear
Treatment and Control
 Chemotherapy
 Tetracycline in adults and Erythromycin
in babies
 For 3 weeks
 Azithromycin
 Single dose
 Contact tracing
 Partners of index cases (even if
clinically normal)
 Neonatal infection
 Both parents should be treated
 Animal contact
 Avoidance of contact with sources of
infection (specially pregnant women)
 Sheep, milking and shearing
 Control of importation of psittacine
birds

 Hygiene

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