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Geochemical Cycles

Geochemical cycles encompass the processes that regulate the distribution and movement of chemical elements between different parts of the Earth. They are closely tied to geological and biological processes that operate through consumption and release of substances in the environment. The major geochemical cycles include the water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and phosphorus cycle, which describe the movement of water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus between the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.

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42 views

Geochemical Cycles

Geochemical cycles encompass the processes that regulate the distribution and movement of chemical elements between different parts of the Earth. They are closely tied to geological and biological processes that operate through consumption and release of substances in the environment. The major geochemical cycles include the water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and phosphorus cycle, which describe the movement of water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus between the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.

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Anonymous lVbhvJf
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Geochemical Cycles

Geochemical cycles encompass the


processes of regulating the chemical
composition and material balances of
the solid, liquid, and gaseous parts of
the earth between surficial
(secondary environment) and deep-
seated (primary environment).
• They are closely tied to many other
physical, geological, or biological
processes.
• The geochemical cycles are
operated through the geochemical
Geochemical Cycles
• This process is mainly based on
consumption substances from
environment and releasing
these again to the
environment.
• In the environment, the
geochemical processes are
also constituted the
geochemical cycles as water
cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen
cycle and phosphorous cycle.
Geochemical Cycles

Figure 1.2.1: Geochemical Cycle
Geochemical Cycles

Figure 1.2.2: General Concept, GCC
Water Cycle
r as vapor , sometimes as liquid and sometimes as
d ( surface runoff , lakes and streams ).
tes ) between different geographic locations .
Water Cycle
floodplains , marshes and alluvial aquifers ),
tation , percolation , runoff and is driven by s
Atmosphere
(Water Vapor)
Pr Ev Ev Ev
ec Pr Pr
ap ec ap ec ap
ip or or or
it ip ip
at it at it at
at io io io
io at at
n io n io n
n Depression Storage
( Land surface, ice, snow) n
Lakes, Ponds, Streams & Riversn Ocean Ri
Overland (Surface Water) (Sea Water) si
Inf Vap flow ng
ilt or ma
rat mov
ion gm
eme a
nt
in
Vadose Zone
Runof vo
( Soil Moisture ) f lc
Interflow an
Dra
ina Cap o
ge ill
gra ary
vit ris
y e
Saturation Zone
( Groundwater ) S
Base flow Su e
bd a
uc f
ti l
on o
Lithosphere o
(Magmatic water) r
v
e
n
Water Cycle
Water Cycle
Water Cycle
Nitrogen
(Atmospheric )

Denitrification
NO3  N2
Nitrogen Fixation
(Rhizobium , clostridium azobacter)

Nitrate Formation Nitrate as plant food


nitrobacteria Organic Nitrogen Formation
NO2
NO3 Plants
nitrification Fixed nitrogen
Proteins
Hetero
trophi animals
c
specie
Nitrite Formation s Soil Organic Nitrogen
Nitrosomonas reduce (Excretory products, dead parts of
NH3 nitrat animals & plants deposited in soil)
NO2 es to
Synammoni
thes
a viais o
f
nitrit cellul
es ar p
rote
Ammonia Formation in b Organic Nitrogen
Amino acid y ut
iliz Degredation
Ammonia ing (Formation of complex mixtures
ammonification ammo
nia of amino acids)

Figure 1.2.9: Natural nitrogen cycle


Figure 1.2.11: Carbon Cycle Summary
Nitrogen Pathway
Phosphorous Pathway
Potassium Pathway

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