Agn-aXnbpsS

A¿∞-imkv{Xw
sI. hn. cmtPjv

Ign™ 42 h¿j--ambn N¿®-sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw 8 X-hW ]m¿e-sa‚n¬ ]mkm-ImsX t]mb-

Xp-amb temIv-]m¬ _n¬ ho≠pw kaqla≤yØnseØnbncn°pIbmWv. AgnaXn XSbp-∂Xn\pw
Agn-a-Xn-°m¿°v ]c-am-h[n in£ Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\pw th≠n-bp≈ \nb-a-\n¿Ωm-W-amWv temIv-
]m¬ _n√n-eqsS e£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ \nc-h[n XhW apS-ßn-t∏mb temIv]m¬ _n¬ ]m¿e-
sa‚ v DS≥ ]mkm-°-W-sa∂pw CXv X-øm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\v ]m¿e-sa‚n\v ]pd-Øp≈ knhn¬ skmssk-
‰n-bpsS {]mXn\n[yw IqSn thW-sa∂pw Bh-iy-s∏-´mWv U¬ln-bnse P¥¿ aμ-dn¬ A∂m-
lkm-sc-sb∂ Km‘n-b≥ kXym-{K-l- k-acw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. P\-߃ Zn\w{]Xn B{i-bn-t°-
≠n-h-cp∂, hnhn[ `c-W-\n¿h-lW taJ-e-I-fnse ssIIq-en-sb∂ ]nSn-®p-]-dn-s°-Xn-scbpw cmjv{So-
b-˛-km-º-ØnI cwKsØ hº≥ Agn-a-Xn-s°-Xn-tcbpw tcm£w sIm≠p-\n¬°p∂ P\-߃°v
ap≥]n-em-Wv- A-∂m-l-kmsc Xs‚ kacw XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ign™ G{]n¬ 5˛\v
A∂m-l-km-tcbpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw Bcw-`n® \ncm-lm-c-k-a-c-Øn\v henb tXmXn-ep-≈ P\-]n¥pW-
bmWv e`n-®-Xv. U¬ln-bnepw cmPyØns‚ hnhn-[-`m-K-ß-fnepw ka-c-Øn\v ]n¥pW {]Jym-]n-®v
\nc-h[n {]I-S-\-ßfpw [¿Æ-Ifpw \S-∂p. A®-Sn-˛-Zr-iy-am-[y-a-߃ ka-c-Øns‚ A\p-\n-anj hnIm-
ksØ Ahn-sS -Xs∂ Iymºv sNbvXp-sIm≠v P\-߃°p-≈n¬ FØn-°p-Ibpw ka-c-Øn-\p≈
]n¥pW sXfnbn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. C˛sa-bn-epw C‚¿s\‰pw hgn At\-Im-bn-c-߃ Xß-fpsS
sFIy-Zm¿Vyw Adn-bn-®p. ka-c-Øn¬ cmjv{Sob {]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS {]mXn-\n-[ysØ A∂m lkm-
scbpw Iq´cpw A\p-h-Zn-®n-s√-¶n-epw, \nc-h[n cmjv{Sob{]ÿm-\-߃ ]n¥p-W-bpambn sXcp-hn-en-
d-ßn. F¥m-bmepw \mem-asØ Znhkw Xs∂ Kh-¨-sa‚ v ka-c-Øn¬ CS-s]-´p.
temIv]m¬ _n¬ Xøm-dm-°m≥ ]Øv- t]-c-S-ßp∂ \nba {]m_√y-ap≈ Ãm‰yq-´dn kanXn
cq]o-I-cn-°p-hm\pw ASpØ ]m¿e-sa‚ v ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ _n¬ ]m m-°p-hm\pw HØp-Xo¿∏p-≠mbn.
a{¥nk`-bnse B`y¥ca{¥n NnZw-_cw, \nbaImcya{¥n hoc-∏-sam-bven, [\Imcya{¥n {]W_v
apJ¿Pn, I]n¬ kn-_¬,- k¬am≥ Jp¿jn-Zv XpS-ßn-b-h-tcbpw knhn¬ kaq-lsØ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-
cn®v A∂m-l-km-sc, im¥n-Zq-j≥, {]im¥vZqj≥, dn´. PÃnkv kt¥mjv slKvtU, hnh-cm-h-Imi
{]h¿Ø-I≥ Ac-hnμv sIPvdn-hmƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-tcbpw tN¿Øv _n¬ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kanXn
cq]o-I-cn-®p. ka-c-Øns‚ hnP-bsØ s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øns‚ hnP-b-ambpw, A\ntj[y-amb kXym-{K-
l-k-a-c-Øns‚ hnP-b-am-bpw, sIm´n-tLm-jn-°-s∏-´p.
Km‘n°v tijw C¥y≥ P\-Xbv°v ap≥]n¬ kXym-{K-l-k-a-cØns‚ hnim-e-`q-an-I-bpsS
hmXn-ep-If - m-Wv l-kmsc ae¿s° Xpd-∂n-´n-cn-°p-∂sX∂pw _p≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ Dds° ]d-™p. {]t£m-
`-Øns‚ kvt^mS-\m-fl-I-amb kml-N-cy-Øn¬ tI{μ-K-h¨sa‚ v lkm-tcbv°pw kXym-{K-l-k-a-
c-Øn\pw ap≥]n¬ Io-g-Sßnsb∂v hymJym-\n-bv°-s∏-´p. F∂m¬ _n¬ \n¿ΩmW kan-Xn-bnse
an° a{¥n-am¿°p-sa-Xn-sc-bp≈ Agn-aXn Btcm-]-W-ßfpw, A∂ lkm-sc-bpsS `mK-Øp-≈-h-
cpsS knhn¬ skmssk‰n {]mXn-\n[ysa∂ hymJym-\-Øns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-Isf Ipdn®pw A{X-tbsd
N¿® sNø-s∏-´n√. Agn-a-Xnbpw kº-Zvhy-h-ÿbpw XΩn-ep≈ At`-Zy-amb _‘-sØ-Ip-dn®pw
th≠{X ]cm-a¿in®v I≠n-√. am{X-a√ aWn-]qcn P\-X-bvs°-Xn-tc-bp≈ ssk\oI A{I-a-߃°pw
Icn-\n-b-a߃°p-sa-Xnsc h¿j-ß-fmbn kXym-{K-l-a-\p-jvTn-°p∂ Cutdmw i¿an-f-bpsS s\Sp-
ho¿∏p-Iƒ°v ap∂n¬ lkm-sc-bpsS \mev Znh-ksØ kXym-{K-lk - a
- c
- Ø
- ns‚ DØ-aa
- m-XrI Db¿Øn-
]n-Sn-°p∂ bp‡n-cm-lnXyw ImWm-Xn-cn-bv°m≥ an°-hcpw {ian®p.
{][m-\-a-{¥n-bvs°Xn-sc-hsc FØn-\n¬°p∂ \nc-h[n h≥ Agn-a-Xn-I-Y-I-ƒ XpS¿®-bmbn
shfn-hm-°-s∏Sp-I-bpw, tIc-fhpw _wKm-fp-a-S-°-ap≈ A©v kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ Agn-aXn {][m\hnj-
b-ambn {]N-c-W-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ apdp-Ip-Ibpw sNbvX \n¿±njvTkml-N-cy-Øn¬, \nb-aw- sIm-s≠m-
∂pw Agn-a-Xnsb XS-bm-\m-hn-s√∂ DØa-hn-izm-k-ap≈ I]n¬ kn-_-en-s\ -t]m-ep≈ a{¥n-am¿
t\XrXzw sImSp-°p∂ Kh¨sa‚ns‚ HØp-Xo¿∏p-\m-S-IsØ a\-kn-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ Bcpw th≠{X
Xmev]cyw ImWn-®n-√.
C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S\ Dd∏v Xcp∂ {]mXn-\n[y P\m[n-]-Xy-sa∂ cmjv{Sob hnh-£bv°v apI-fn¬
Ahy-‡hpw hn`m-Ko-b-hp-amb knhn¬ skmssk-‰nsb (kaq-l-Ønse D∂X DtZym-K-ÿcpw, F≥.
Pn. H. Ifpw tN¿∂-Xm-Wn-Xv) {]Xn-jvTn-°p-∂-Xns‚ sshcp-[yhpw shfn-hm-°-s∏-´n-√. AXp-sIm-
≠vXs∂ Atß-b‰w Agn-a-Xn-sb∂ P\-hn-cp-≤-amb sIm≈-s°-Xn-sc-bp≈ ka-c-Øn¬ Agn-a-
Xnbpw kº-ZvLS- \ - b
- p-am-bp≈ At`-Zy-amb _‘sØ Imcy-£a - a
- mbn hyh-tO-Zn®v a\- n-em-t°≠Xv
Ah-iy-ambn hcp-∂p.
C¥y≥ P\m-[n-]Xyw \ne-\n¬°p∂Xv \mev s\Spw XqWp-I-fn-em-sW-∂mWv ]d-b-s∏-Smdv
\nb-a- \n¿Ωm-W- k`, \oXn-\ymb hyh-ÿ, \n¿h-l-W-hn-`m-Kw, am[yatemIw F∂n-h-bm-Wn-h.
Ch XΩn-ep≈ ]mc-kv]cy {]{In-b-bn-eq-sS-bmWv C¥y-bnse P\m-[n-]Xy hyhÿ \ne-\n¬°p-
∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Cu taJ-e-Isfm∂pwXs∂ C∂v Agn-aXn Btcm-]-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂v hnap‡-a-s√-
∂mWv kao-]-Ime A\p-`-h-߃ sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xv.
GXm≠v aq∂v ]Xn-‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v apºvhsc `c-W-\n¿Δ-l-W-ta-J-e-I-fnse s]mXp-k¿Δokv
hn`m-K-ß-fn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ ssI°qen k{º-Zm-b-am-bn-cp∂p Agn-a-Xn-bmbn IW-°m-°n-bn-cp-∂Xv.
80˛ ItfmsS Db¿∂ph∂ cmjv{SobcwKsØ Agn-a-Xn-Iƒ Hcp ]pXp XcwKw Xs∂ krjvSn°p-I-
bp-≠mbn. cmPohvKm‘n Dƒs∏´ s_mt^mgvkv CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ, Hm-l-cn- Ipw-`-tImW Agn-a-Xn-Iƒ,
tIm¨{K v t\Xm-°-fpw _n.-sP.]n. t\Xm-°fpw Dƒs]´ lhme CS-]m-Sp-Ifpw, _n.-sP.-]n. k¿°m-
cns‚ ImeØv \S∂ ih-s∏´n Ipw`-tIm-Whpw XpSßn \nc-h[n cmjv{Sob Agn-a-Xn-IfmWv ]pd-
Øph∂Xv. Ct∏mƒ Pbn-en-e-S-°-s∏´ C¥y≥ sSeIΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥ a{¥n F. cmP Dƒs∏´ 2 Pn
kvs]Iv{Sw Agn-aXn AXns‚ hnj-en-]vX-amb \m\m-ap-J-ß-fmWv shfn-®Øp sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv.
1,76,000 tImSn cq]-tbmfw hcp∂ Agn-a-Xn-bn¬ cmjv{SobcwKsØbpw am[y-a-tem-I-tØbpw PpUo-
jy-dn-bn-tebpw D∂-X-cmWv Dƒs∏-´-Xv. Cu Agn-a-Xn°v If-sam-cp-°p-∂-Xn-\p- th≠nbpw F.- cmPsb
sSetImw a{¥n-bm-°p-∂-Xn\pth≠nbpw hnhn[ D∂-X-hn-`m-K-߃ \S-Ønb kwL-Sn-X-amb CS-
s]-S-ep-Iƒ am[y-a-cw-KsØ tem_n-bo-Ãmb \ocm-dm-UnbbpsS tS]v shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ Cu
cwKsØ Iq´p-I-®-h-S-ß-sf-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. C¥y≥ {][m-\-a-{¥nbv°v t\cn´v DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-
ap≈ Fkv _m‚ v Agn-aX - n-bpw, tIm¨{K v t\Xmhv kptc-jvI¬am-Un-bp-apƒs∏´ tIma¨sh¬Øv
sKbnwkv Agn-a-Xnbpw _n.-sP.-]n. apJy-a{¥n sbZyq-c∏ Dƒs∏´ I¿Æm-SI `qan CS-]m-Sv Agn-a-
Xnbpw XpSßn FÆnbm¬ Xocm-Ø{X Agn-a-Xn-I-fmWv Ipd®v Ime-b-f-hn-∂p-≈n¬ shfn-®-Øp-h-
∂-Xv. OØn-kvKVv apJy-a{¥n ca¨knwK, Hdo  apJy-a{¥n \ho≥ ]Sv-\m-bnIvv, Pm¿JWvUv apJy-
a{¥n a[p -tImU XpS-ßn-b-h¿ \S-Ønb Agn-a-Xn-I-sf√mw Ch-bn¬ Nne-Xp-am{Xam-Wv. GXm-
bmepw C∂v \·-am-°-s∏´ Agn-a-Xn-I-fn-eqsS tIm¿∏-td‰v IpØ-I-Ifpw Ah-cpsS tem_n-bo-Ãp-
Ifpw tN¿∂v Xß-fpsS Xmev]-cy-߃°-\p-k-cn-®p≈ ]m¿e-sa‚ns\ Fßn-s\-bmWv cq]-s∏-Sp-
Øp-∂-sX∂v shfn-s∏-´ncn-°p-IbmWv. CXm-Is´ C¥y≥ P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ hnizm-ky-X-sb-bmWv
XI¿Øp-I-f-™-Xv.
CXn-sems° F{Xtbm Gsd-bmWv {]Xn-tcm-[-h-Ip-∏p-ambn _‘-s∏-´p-\-S-°p∂ Agn-a-Xn-
Iƒ. F√m h¿j-ßf - nepw kn.-F.Pn. Ah-Xc- n-∏n-°p∂ Hm-Un‰v dnt∏m¿´n¬ Agn-aX - n-If
- n-te°v shfn®w
hoip∂ \nc-h[n hnh-c-ß-fp≠m-Im-dp-s≠-¶nepw CXns\ tNmZyw sNøp-hmt\m \nb-a-]-c-ambn
At\z-jn-°p-hmt\m CXp-hsc Bcpw Xøm-dm-bn-´n-√. 2009˛se kn.-F.-Pn. dnt∏m¿´n¬ {]Xn-tcm-[-
tk-\-bnse D∂X DtZym-K-ÿcpsS `mcy-am¿°pw Ah-cpsS _‘p-°ƒ°pw D√mkbm{X-°p-th≠n
C¥y≥ bp≤hnam-\-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xns\ kw_-‘n®pw, Im¿Kn¬ bp≤-Im-e-Øp-≠mb Ahn-iz-
k-\o-b-ambXpw sI´n-N-a-®-Xp-amb bp≤Nne-hns\ kw_-‘n®pw ]pd-Øp-h-∂n-´p≈ hnh-c-߃ {]Xn-
tcm-[-ta-J-e-bnse sISpImcy-ÿ-Xbpw Agn-a-Xnbpw F{X e÷m-I-c-am-sW-∂-Xns‚ sNdnb DZm-
l-c-W-߃ am{X-am-Wv. CubSpØv {]Xn-tcm-[-a{¥n F.-sI. B‚Wn ]m¿e-sa‚n¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-
b-X-\p-k-cn®v 21 ko\n-b¿ ssk\oI Hm-^o-k¿am-cmWv Agn-a-Xn-t°-kn¬ hnNm-c-W-t\-cn-Sp-∂X.v
Cßs\ h≥ Agn-a-Xn-Iƒ°v A\-¥-km[y-X-Iƒ H-cp-°p∂ taJ-e-bmWv {]Xn-tcm-[-hp-ambn _‘-
s∏-´-Xv.
 cmPykvt\l-tØbpw, kwkv°m-c-tØ-bpw, amXr-`q-an-tb-bpw, kam-[m-\-tØ-bpw, `oI-c-hm-Z-
`o-jW - n-tb-bpw, cmPy-]p-tcm-KX
- n-tbbpw Ipdn®v AW-ap-dn-bmsX hnfn-®p-]d - b
- p-∂h - ¿ CsX√mw _n√y¨
IW-°n\v cq] tImg e`n-°p∂ {]Xn-tcm[ Nnehp-Iƒ h¿≤n-∏n-°m-\m-sW∂ Imcy-amWv ad®v
shbv°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
temI-Ønse {][m\ Bbp-[- C--d-°p-aXn cmPy-ambn C¥y amdn-°-gn-™n-´p-≠v. Ign™
aq∂v h¿j-Øn-\p-≈n¬ 465 ssk\oI D]-I-cW Icm-dp-I-fn-emWv C¥y H∏vv sh®Xv. cmPyant∏mƒ
70% ssk\oI D]-I-c-W-ßfpw Cd-°p-aXn sNøp-I-bm-Wv. _m°n-h-cp∂ 30 iX-am\w Bh-iy-ß-
tfbpw ]q¿Øo-Ic - n-°p-∂Xv s]mXp-ta-Je - m-ÿm-]\- ß
- f- m-Wv. kzm-X{- ¥ym-\¥- c- I- m-eL
- ´w apX¬ khn-
tij taJ-e-bmbn {]Xn-tcm[ hyh-km-b-ta-J-esb \ne-\n¿Øp-∂p. 2001-˛2002 Un^≥kv dnk¿®v
Uh-e-∏vsa‚ v Hm¿K-ss\-tk-js‚ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-e-\p-k-cn®v AXns‚ 51 em_p-Ifpw 31 ^mIvS-dn-I-
fp-a-S-ßnb Cu DXv]m-Z-\-ta-J-e-bn¬ \n∂pw k¿°m¿ \¬Inb Hm¿U-dp-I-fn¬ ssk\oI D]-I-c-
W-߃ \¬Im≥ Ign-™n-√. A]-cym-]vX-amb Dev]m-Z-\-Øns‚ t]cn¬ B taJ-esb 26 iX-
am\w t\cn-´p≈ hntZ-i-\n-t£]w Dƒs∏sS 100 iX-am\w kzIm-cy-\n-t£-]-Øn\v tI{μ-k¿°m¿
km[yX Hcp-°n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. CØcw kml-N-cy-Øn¬ em¿k≥ & Sm¿t_m, alo{μ, Sm‰,
AtimIvssee‚ v XpS-ßnb B`y-¥-c- Ip-Ø-I-Ifpw Cu cw-K-tØ°v IpXn-®p-I-gn-™p.
2010˛2011 se _P-‰n¬ {]Xn-tcm[ Nne-hp-I-fn-te°v 1,47,344 tImSn cq]-bmWv \o°n sh®-Xv.
Ata-cn-°, djy, C{k-tb¬ t]mep≈ cmPy-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ Bbp[ Cd-°p-a-Xn°pw B`y-¥-c- Ip-
Ø-I-I-fn¬ \n-∂p≈ Bbp[ I®-h-S-Øn-\p-amWv CXv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. cmPysØ P\-kw-Jy-
bn¬ aq∂n¬ c≠p `mKw P\-߃ Znhkw 20 cq]°v Xmsg hcp-am-\-ap-≈-hcpw 38% Ip´n-Iƒ 4˛mw
¢m v ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-h-cp-tSbpw cmPy-amWv CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ h≥ Bbp[ _nkn-\-
 n¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. am{Xa√ cmPyØv \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xn¬ Agn-a-Xn-bpsS A\-¥-km-[y-X-Iƒ°v
CSw \¬Ip∂ taJ-ebpw C∂v {]Xn-tcm-[-ta-J-e-bm-Wv.
hn`n-∂ cmPy-ß-fnse cmjv{Sob ]m¿´n-I-fp-am-bpw, t\Xm-°-fp-ambpw cmPym-¥-c-Ip-Ø-I-Iƒ
Ah-bpsS _‘-߃ hn]p-es - ∏-Sp-Øn-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ib
- m-Wv. Xnc-s™-Sp-∏pIm-eØ - p≈ [\-kl - mbw,
cmjv{Sob t\Xm°-∑m¿°p≈ tImg- sIm-Sp-°¬ XpSßn ssk\o-I- ta-[m-hn-I-fp-ambpw, ssk\o-I-
hym-h-kmb tem_n-I-fp-ambpw Ch-cpsS _‘-߃ kpZr-V-am-Wv. as‰m-cp-hn-[-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-®m¬
IpØ-I-I-fpw, cmPym-¥c IpØ-I-Ifpw BWv C¥y-sb-t]msebp≈ an° cmPyßfn-tebpw A[n-
Imc t\Xr-XzsØ Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xv. IpØ-Ibpw tÉpw XΩn-ep≈ Iq´p-sI´v Bhn¿`-hn-°p--∂Xpw
hnI-kn-°p-∂Xpw hnhn[ cq]-ß-fn-em-Wv.
kzIm-cy-˛-tÉv Iº-\n-Iƒ, Kh¨sa‚n-\p-th≠ \n¿t±-i-߃ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n
kzImcy taJ-e-bp-sSbpw `c-W-b-{¥-Øn-t‚bpw {]Xn-\n-[n-Isf Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-sIm≠v cq]o-I-cn-°p∂
Fw. Pn. H. (t\m¨ Kh¨sa‚ v kwL-S-\-Iƒ), tem_n-bnßv AYhm AWn-b-d-bn¬ sh®v cmjv{Sob
t\Xm-°≥am¿°pw ]m¿´n-Iƒ°pw kzImcy [\-k-lmbw \¬I¬, _nkn-\- pImcpw Kh¨sa‚ v
kan-Xn-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ kº¿°-ß-fpsS kXz-c-amb hf¿® XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw CXn¬ s]Sp-∂p.
CØcw {]{In-b-bn-eqsS h≥InS tIm¿∏-td-j-\p-I-fpsS DS-a-Iƒ°pw amt\-P¿am¿°pw D∂X
Kh¨sa‚ v DtZym-Kßtfm A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ hcp∂ cmjv{Sob ]m¿´n-I-fpsS t\Xr-ÿm-\tam e`n-
°p-∂p. ap≥]v [\-Imcy a{¥nbpw Ct∏mƒ {][m-\-a-{¥n-bp-amb a≥tam-l≥ knwKpw B`y-¥-c-a{¥n
NnZw-_-chpw, [\-Im-cy-a{¥n {]W_v apJ¿Pn-bpw, samt≠Iv knwKv Bep-hm-enbbpw temI _m¶n-
t‚bpw sF. Fw. F^v t‚bpw DtZym-K-ÿ≥am-cm-bn-cp∂p F∂Xv Cu hkvXp-X-Iƒ°v ta¬ shfn®w
hoip∂XmWv. 1991-˛¬ C¥y Bh-iy-s∏´ hmbv]°v {]Xyp-]-Im-c-ambn temI-_m¶v Bh-iy-s∏-´-
XmWv kmº-ØnI hnZ-KvZ-\mb a≥tam-l≥ knwKns‚ ÿm\m-tcm-l-Ww. OØn-kvK-Vn¬ e£-°-
W-°n\v BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-ßsf ssk\y-Øns‚ klm-b-tØmsS kmbp-[-ambn ASn®-a¿Øn
J\nP kºØv sIm≈-sN-øm-s\m-cp-ßp∂ tIm¿∏-td‰v Iº-\n-bmb thZm¥bpw tI{μ B`y-¥-c-
a{¥n NnZw-_-chpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w CXn-\Iw ]c-ky-ambn -I-gn-™n-´p-≠v. IqSmsX Zbm-\n-[n-am-
c≥, {]^p¬ ]t´¬, Aa¿ knwKv, icØv ]hm¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-sc√mw tIm¿∏-td‰v taJ-e-bn¬ \ne-
\n¬°p-∂-h-cm-Wv.
Ata-cn-°≥ ssh‰v lukp-ambn ASpØ _‘-ap≈ tImSo-iz-c-\mb B¬{^Uv ªanw-Kv
tU¬ Hcn-°¬ ]d-™Xpt]mse, P\-d¬ tamt´-gvkns\ `cn°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Xs∂-bmWv Ata-cn-
°sb `cn-°p-∂-Xv. A¥na hni-I-e-\-Øn¬ AXv P\-d¬tam-t´gvkv t]mse-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Ahn-sS-
bmWv \ΩpsS thcp-Iƒ. sdmWmƒUv sdbvK-\p-Np‰pw ]cn-N-b-k-º-∂-cmb Bfp-Isf, \Ωƒ Xs∂
\ntbm-Kn-°p∂ Bfp-Isf, \ΩpsS kz¥w hym]m-c- Xm-ev]-cy-Øn-\p-th≠n \n¿Øpw, Ah¿ \ΩpsS
Xmev]-cy-ßsf tkhn-°pw. sdbvKs‚ ImesØ Cu A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S\w t]mse-Xs∂ km{am-Py-
Ø, apX-em-fnØ -cm-Py-ß-fn¬ am{X-a√ C¥y-sb-t]m-ep≈ aq∂mw temI-cm-Py-ß-fpsS ÿnXnbpw
CXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv.
_¿Wm-Uvjm-bpsS \mS-I-ß-fn-sem-∂n¬ e£-{]-`p-hmb A≠¿ j^v‰v Xs‚ aI-t\mSv
Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p. \ns‚ cmPy-Ønse Kh¨sa-‚ v Rm\m-Wv, Rm\pw emk-dp-am-Wv. \ns∂-t]m-
ep≈ Ac Uk≥ cmjv{Sob°m¿ H∂n\pw sIm≈mØ B P¬]-\-im-e-bn¬ \nc-∂n-cp-∂-Xp-
sIm≠v `cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-tam. C√m Fs‚ NßmXn R߃°v em`-I-c-am-bn-´p-≈-Xp-Xs∂ \n߃
sNøpw.
AXn-i-tbm-‡n-]-c-amb kmln-Xy-{]-kvXm-h-am-sW∂v hmZn-°m-sa-¶nepw C¥y-b-S-°-ap≈
temI-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ cmjv{Sob kml-N-cy-ß-fpsS Hcp t\¿]cn-tO-Z-am-Wn-Xv.
a‰p-≈h - ¿°v th≠n Ahn-ln-Xa- mbpw A\ym-ba- mbpw kzoI-cn-°p∂ kΩm-\ß - sf ssI°pen
F∂v ]d-bm-sa-¶n¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Imew apX¬°v Xs∂ Agn-aXn \ne-hn-ep-≠v. {InkvXp-hns\ 30
sh≈n-°m-in\v H‰n-s°m-SpØ {]nb injy≥ bqZmkv apX¬ temIØv {]N-cn-®p-I-gn-™n-´p≈ hnhn[
anØp-I-fnepw CXn-lm-k-ß-fnepw Ncn-{X-Øn-ep-sams° CØcw kμ¿`-߃ [mcmfw ImWm≥
Ignbpw. F∂m¬ C∂v ImWs∏Sp∂ coXn-bn-ep≈ ssI°q-enbpw Agn-a-Xnbpw cq]w sIm≈p-∂Xv
temI-Nc - n-{X-Øns‚ khn-ti-ja
- mb Ime-L´- Ø
- n-em-Wv. IpØ-II
- f
- p-tSbpw ^n\m≥kv aqe-[\
- Ø- ns‚
Bhn¿`m-h-tØm-sS Bcw-`n-®Xpw {]tXy-In®v c≠mw- tem-I-a-lm-bp-≤m-\-¥cw temI-cm-jv{So-b-
Øn¬ km{am-PyØ i‡n-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ a’-chpw temI-P-\-X°v apºn¬ Hcp `uXo-I-i‡n
F∂ \ne-bn¬ Db¿∂p-h∂ tkmjy-enÃv tNcnbpw, km{am-PyØ aqe-[-\-i-‡n-Ifpw \h kzX-
{¥-cm-Py-ß-fnse cmjv{Sob t\Xr-Xz-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ khn-tij _‘-ß-fp-amWv C∂p \mw
ImWp∂ coXn-bn-ep≈ Agn-a-Xn-bpsS krjvSn°v Imc-W-am-b-sX∂v ImWmw. bp≤m-\-¥cw \h-kz-
X-{¥-cm-Py-ß-fpsS DZ-b-tØmsS sImtfm-Wn-b¬ hyh-ÿ-bpsS ¢mkn-°¬ cq]w \jvS-s∏-
SpIbpap≠m-bn. CXv sImtfmWn-b¬ cmPyßfnse t\cn-´p≈ _e-{]-tbm-KsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-
bp≈ Nqj-W-Øn-t‚bpw kmº-ØnI_‘-Øn-t‚bpw cq]-ßsf Hcp-]-cn-[n-hsc Akm-[y-am-°p-
Ibpw a‰p-cq-]-ßsf B{i-bn-bvt°-≠nbpw h∂p. CXmWv s]mXpth ]pØ≥ sImtfm-Wn-b¬ Ime-
L-´-Øn-te-bv°v km-{am-PyØ aqe-[-\-i-‡n-Isf \bn-®-Xv. kmº-ØnI {]Xn-k-‘n-bn¬ AI-
s∏´ km{am-PyØ aqe-[-\-i-‡n-I-fpsS ap≥ssI-bn¬ cq]-s∏´ sIbv\o-jy≥ kn≤m-¥hpw AXp
{]Imcw apX-em-fnØ cmPy-ß-fn-e-S°w tZi-km¬°-c-W-Øn-eq-∂nb, ^e-Øn¬ apX-em-fnØ kº-
Zvhy-h-ÿsb ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p∂ an{ikº-ZvL-S-\-bmWv Agn--a-Xnsb C∂p≈ A¿∞ hym]vXn-bn-
te-s°-Øn-®Xv. s]mXp-ap-X¬apS-°n¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb s]mXp-ta-J-em-kw-cw-`-ß-fpsS cq]-h-Xv°-c-
W-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv Agn-aXn Ct{Xsd XojvW-am-Ip-∂Xv. C°m-e-b-f-hn¬ C-¥y-sb-t]m-ep≈ cmPy-
ß-fn¬ `c-W-\n¿Δ-lW cwKsØ ka-kvX-ta-J-e-Ifpw Agn-aXn {Kÿ-am-Ipbpw, cmjv{Sob t\Xr-
Xz-ßfpw _yq-tdm-{Im-‰p-Ifpw B`y-¥-chpw sshtZ-io-I-hp-amb aqe-[-\-Xm-ev]-cy-Øn\v hiw-h-Z-cm-hp-
Ibp sNbvXp.
{_n´≥, {^m≥kv, ]›na P¿Ω-\n, C‰-en, kzoU≥ XpS-ßnb ]Sn-™m-d≥ cmPy-߃ hyhkm-
b-ÿm-]-\-߃ hn]p-e-amb tXmXn¬ tÉv kzØm°n h∂p. {^m≥kn¬ aqe-[\ \nt£-]-Øns‚
aq∂n-sem∂pw _m¶v \nt£-]-ß-fp-tSbpw s{IUn-‰p-I-fp-tSbpw knwl-`m-Khpw tZi-km¬°-cn-°-
s∏´ ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS hI-bmW.v Cßs\ c≠mw temI alm-bp≤w Ign™ DS≥Xs∂ ]Sn-™m-
d≥ bqtdm-]y≥ cmPy-߃ tÉns‚ hItbm AXns‚ klmbtØm-sStbm D≈ Iº-\n-Iƒ cq]s∏-
SpØn. Ata-cn-°≥ cmPym-¥c IpØ-I-I-tfmSv a’-cn-°m≥ sI¬]p≈ Iº-\n-I-fm-bn-cp∂p Ch-
sbm-s°.
{_n´ojv I∏¬\n¿ΩmW tIm¿∏-td-j-\mb {_n´ojv jn∏v _n¬tU-gvkv, {^©v hnam\Iº-
\n-bmb Ab-tdm- kv]m-kn-bm¬, ]›n-a -P¿Ω≥ s]t{Sm-sI-an-°¬ Iº-\n-bmb s^_v F∂nh
C°q-´-Øn¬ s]Sp-∂-h-bmWv. am{X-a√ C°m-e-b-f-hn¬ Hmtcm cmPyØpw \jvS-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn®n-
cp∂ IpØI Iº-\n-Isf Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ Gs‰-SpØv tZi-km¬°-cn-°p-Ibpw Iº-\n-Iƒ°v apºv
e`n-®n-cp∂ em`-tØ-°mƒ At\-I- C-c´n \jvS-]-cn-lmcw h¿jm-h¿j-ß-fn¬ \¬Ip-I-bpw-sN-bvXp.
Hcp `mKØv tZi-km-¬-°-cn® ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v I¬°-cn, sshZyp-Xn, Kymkv apX-emb Ahiy
kuI-cy-߃ k_vkn-Un-I-tfmsS e`n-°p-Ibpw adp-]m-Xnbn¬ Xß-fpsS sNdnb apX¬ apS-°n\v
henb {]Xn-^ew e`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. tZikm¬°-c-W-Øns‚ tkmjy-enÃv amXrI {]Z¿in-∏n-
®p-sIm≠v s\lvdphpw tIm¨{K- pw Nne IΩyq-WnÃv ]m¿´n-I-fp-sa√mw P\-ßsf I_-fn-∏n-®n-cp-
∂p-sh-¶nepw C¥ybpw temI kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ \n∂v H´pw hyXy-ÿ-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. CXp-ambn _‘-
s∏´v C¥y-bnse s]mXp-ta-Je - b
- psS {]m[m-\ysØ kw_-‘n®v BtKm-fh - X
- v°c
- W
- Ø
- ns‚ C¥y≥
\S-Øn-∏p-°m-cn¬ {][m-\nbpw XpS-°-°m-c-\p-am-bn-cp∂ \c-knw-l-dm-hp-hns‚ A`n-{]mbw ]cn-tim-
[n-®m¬ CXv a\-kn-em-Ip-∂-tX-bp-≈p. At±lw ]d-™p... “s]mXp-ta-J-esb kw_-‘n®v Hcp-]mSv
A_-≤-[m-c-W-Ifpw Akw-_-‘-hn-h-c-W-ßfpw D≠v. AXn-sem∂v s]mXp-ta-Je samØ-Øn¬
A\m-h-iy-am-bn-cp-s∂∂pw hyh-km-b-h-Xv°-c-W-Øn¬ kzIm-cy-ta-J-ebv°v A¤p-X-߃ krjvSn-
°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-s∂-∂p-am-Wv sI´n-N-a® Hcp [mc-W. B L´-ß-fn¬ Pohn® B \b-ßsf
Ipdn®v Aev]w hy‡n-]-c-amb hn⁄m\w B¿Pn® Hcm-sf∂ \nebv°v F\n°v ]d-bm-\p-≈Xv
A¥¿LS-\-bpsS hyh-ÿm-]\w s]mXp-^-≠n¬ \n∂v \n¿h-ln-°p-Ibpw kz¥w kºmZywsIm≠v
]c-am[n hnI-k\w km[y-am-°p-Ibpw sNøm-\m-bn-cp∂p A∂v s]mXp-ta-J-e-bpsS Bhn¿`mhw
D≠m-b-Xv. ]t£ ]e Imc-W-߃sIm≠pw AXv D≠m-bn-√. adn®v s]mXp-taJe k¿°m¿ ^≠v
Du‰nIp-Sn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. F∂m¬ s]mXp-ta-J-e-bpsS B¥-cnILS\ kwhn-[m\w GXv
\ne-hmcw sh®p-t\m-°n-bmepw al-Ø-c-am-Wv. AXv cmPy-Øn\v apX¬°q-´p-am-Wv. .... kzmX-{¥y-e-
_vZn°v tijw \ΩpsS k¿°m¿ A¥¿L-S-\mhy-h-km-b-ß-fmb I¬°-cn, KXm-K-Xw, Du¿÷w,
hfw XpS-ßnb ASn-ÿm-\-hy-h-km-b-߃ s]mXp-ta-J-e-bn¬ XpS-ßn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Sm‰,
tKmb-¶, In¿tem-kv°¿ XpS-ßnbh¿° C∂p≈ hyh-km-b-km-{amPyw ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øn-b-Øphm≥
Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂p Icp-Xp∂ Hcm-fmWv Rm≥. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ kzIm-cy-ta-Je s]mXp-ta-
J-e-tbmSv IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.” ( 2001 G{]n¬ 7,8,9 Xnø-Xn-I-fn¬ C¥y≥ FIvkv{]-kn¬ h∂ ap≥{]-
[m-\-a{¥n \c-knw-l-dm-hp-hns‚ teJ-\-]-c-º-c-bn¬ \n∂v) 1944-˛¬ sP.-B¿.-kn. Sm‰, Pn.-kn.
_n¿f, ]pcn-tjm-Øw-Zm-kv Xm°p¿Zm-kv, {iocmw, IkvXq¿`mbv em¬`mbv XpS-ßnb h≥ aqe-[\
i‡n-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb t_mwt_ πm\ns‚ XpS¿®-bm-bn-cp∂p C¥y-bpsS tZi-km¬°-c-W -{]-
{Inb. hf-sc-tbsd aqe-[\ apS-°p≈ ASn-ÿm\ hyh-km-b-ßfpw ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-߃ hnI-
kn-∏n-°m-\p≈ ]≤-Xn-I-fnepw k¿°m-cn-s\-sIm≠v aqe-[\w apS-°n-bv°p-Ibpw CXns‚ kuI-cy-
Øm¬ Xß-fpsS hyh-km-b-ß-tf-bpw, hym]mc Xmev]-cy-ß-tfbpw kwc-£n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p C¥y≥
aqe-[\ i‡n-Iƒ sNbvX-Xv. c≠mw- tem-I-a-lm-bp-≤-Øn\v tij-ap≈ Ime-L´w Cßs\ tZi-
km¬°-c-W-Øns‚ Ime-L-´-am-bn-cp-∂p. CXn-eqsS kzImcy aqe-[-\-Øn\v em`w Ipd™ hyh-km-
b-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-hn-I-k-\-Øn\v apS-t°-≠p∂ apX¬ap-S-°n¬ \n∂pw kzX-
{¥-am-Ip-Ibpw IqSp-X¬ em`-I-c-amb _nkn-\- p-I-fnepw hyh-km-b-ß-fnepw \nt£-]n-°m-\p≈
kuIcyw e`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cßs\ hf¿∂v hnI-kn-®-h-bmbn-cp∂p C¥y≥ IpØ-I-Iƒ.
CXns‚ Xncn-s®m-gp-°m-bn-cp∂p 80-˛-I-tfmsS XojvW-amb kzIm-cy-h-Xv°-c-Ww. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v
C¥y-bn¬ F≥.-Un.-F. k¿°m-cns‚ Ime-ØmWv BZysØ s]mXp taJem ÿm]-\-Øns‚ Hmlcn
hn¬°p-∂-Xv. em`-I-c-ambn {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ _m¬tIm (BALCO) bpsS 51 iX-am\w Hm-lcn 551
tImSn cq]bv°v hmßn-bXv e≠≥ Bÿm-\-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ thZm-¥-bpsS k_vknU-dn-
bmb sÿsse‰v Bbn-cp-∂p (Iº-\n-bpsS 48% Hm-l-cnbv°v 843tImSn cq] aqeyw IW-°m-°n-bn-
cp-∂-ÿm-\-ØmWv 51% Hm-lcn shdpw 551 tImSn cq]bv°mWv hn‰p-Xp-e-®-Xv. Cu I®-h-S-Øn¬ _n.-
sP.-]n. t\Xmhv Acp¨jq-cn-bpsS ]¶v A\n-tj-[y-am-Wv) . Cu Iº\n Xs∂-bmWv NØo-kvK-
Vnse BZn-hmkn taJ-e-bn¬ t_mIvssk‰v J\\w sNøp-∂-Xn\v th≠nbmWv BZn-hm-kn-Isf
sIms∂m-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. 2003 ¬ e£-I-W-°n\v cq]-bpsS \nIpXn sh´n-∏p-ambn _‘-s∏´v Db¿∂ph∂
tIkn¬ CtX Iº-\n°v th≠n lmP-cm-bXv Ah-cp-tS-Xs∂ Ub-d-IvS¿ t_m¿Uw-K-am-bn-cp∂
NnZw-_-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ B`y-¥-c-a-{¥n-bmbn XpS-cp∂ ]n.- NnZw-_cw Xs∂-bmWv Xs‚ ]gb
Iº-\n-°p-th≠n NØo-kvK-Vnse Iq´-sIm-e°v t\XrXzw sImSp-°p-∂-sX∂v a\-kn-em-°p-tºm-
gmWv, kzImcy aqe-[-\hpw s]mXp-ta-J-ebpw C¥y≥ `c-W-h¿§-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ Ahn-ip-≤-amb
Iq´p-s°´v ad-\o°n ]pd-Øp-h-cp-∂Xv ImWm-\m-Ip-I. Aßs\ kzImcy aqe-[-\-Øn\v hf¿∂p
hnI-kn-°m-\p≈ ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-߃ s]mXp -J-P-\m-hn¬ \n∂v Nne-h-gn-®p-sIm≠v cq]-s∏-Sp-
Øp-I-bpw, ]n∂oSv Cu ÿm]-\-ß-tf-bpw, kuI-cy-ß-tfbpw kzImcy aqe-[-\-i-‡n-Iƒ°v Xs∂
ssIamdpIbpw sNøp∂ amPn-°mWv C¥y-bpƒ∏-sS-bp≈ F√m- cmPy-ß-fnepw \S-°p-∂-Xv. CXn\v
Bh-iy-amb cmjv{Sob t\Xr-Xz-sØ IqsS-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw s]mXp-ta-Je apX¬ ap-S-°ns\ Bh-
iy-amb aqe-[-\-k-am-l-c-W-Øn\v temI-_m-¶ns\ t]mep≈ km{am-PyØ [\-Imcy GP≥kn-Isf
B{i-bn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Kh¨sa‚p-Isf t{]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
 CXn-eqsS CtX IpØ-I-Iƒ°v Xs∂ em`-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-®ncp∂ s]mXp-ta-Jem ÿm]-
\-ßsf ssI°-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw km[n-®p. Ign™ Zi-I-ß-fn¬ C¥y-bn¬ s]mXp-ta-Jem kwcw-`-
ßsf hn‰p-Xp-e-°p-∂-Xn\v {]tXyI hIp∏p Xs∂ cq]-s∏-SpØn. k¶o¿Æ-amb \nIpXn hyh-ÿ-
bn--eqsS s]mXp kaq-l-Øns‚ Ioi-bn¬\n∂pw tIm¿∏-td-‰p-I-fpsS tk^p-I-fn-te-°v ]Ww Hgp°n
hnSp∂ {]{In-b-bmWv CXn-eqsS \S-∂-Xv. Cu sIm≈°v Iq´p \n¬°p-∂-Xn\pw cmPysØ H‰p-sIm-
Sp-°p-∂-Xn\pw th≠n aqe-[-\-i-‡n-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ cmjv{Sob-˛-_yq-tdm-{Im‰v hn`m-K-ß-fpsS
FÆ-a‰ Agn-a-Xn-I-Y-I-fmWv C∂v shfn-®Øv h∂p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXm-Is´ Ign™ \q‰m-
≠ns‚ ]Ip-Xn-tbmsS Bcw-`n-®Xpw BtKm-f-h-Xv°-c-W-Øn\v XpS-°-an-Sp∂ 80-˛-I-fpsS Bcw-`-Øn¬
XojvW-am-hp-I-bpw sNbvX {]Xn-`m-k-am-Wv.
{Sm≥kv]-c≥kn C‚¿\m-j-W-ens‚ Id-]vj≥ s]¿sk-]vj≥ C‚-Ivkn¬ kqNn∏n-°p∂
t]mse Agn-a-Xn-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ temI-cm-Py-ß-fnse ]´n-I-bn¬ H∂m-a-Xp-amWv C¥y. djy kaq-
l-Ønse DtZym-K-ÿ˛ cmjv{Sob˛hymh-km-bnI hrμ-߃ hmcn-Iq-´p∂ tImg-]-W-Øns‚ `qcn-`m-
Khpw I≈-∏-W-Øns‚ cq]-Øn¬ kznkv _m¶p-I-fn¬ \nt£-]n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. 2006 se kznkv
_m¶nßv Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ dnt∏m¿´v A\p-k-cn®v 1456 _n√y¨ Ata-cn-°≥ tUmf-dmWv I≈-∏-
W-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ kznkv _m¶p-I-fn¬ \nt£-]n-°-s∏-´n-cp∂-Xv. 2008˛¬ FØp-tºmƒ CXv 1891
_n√y¨ Ata-cn-°≥ tUmf-dmbn amdn. Cu IW-°-\p-k-cn®pXs∂ C¥y-bpsS B`y-¥c˛ssh-tZ-
ioI IS-Øns‚ 17 Cc-´n-tbmfwhcpw Cu XpI. bYm-{Iaw djy 610 _n√y¨, ssN\ 213 _n√y¨,
Cw•≠v 210 _n√y¨ tUmf-dpamWv. aq∂v cmPy-ß-fp-tSbpw samØw XpI-tb-bv°mƒ F{X henb
XpI-bmWv C¥y-bp-tS-sX∂v ImWmw. kznkv _m¶p-I-fn¬ \nt£-]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ I≈-∏-W-Øns‚
hni-Zmw-i-߃ e`y-am-°-W-sa∂ Bh-iysØ C¥y≥ `c-W-h¿§-߃ X≈n-°-f-™Xv Cubn-sS-
bm-Wv. C¥ysb temI-Ønse kº∂ cmjv{S-ß-fpsS ]´n-I-bn-te°v Db¿Øm≥ {ia-s∏-Sp∂
C¥y-bnse `c-W-h¿§-߃, Ah¿ hnI-k-\-sa∂ t]cn¬ \-S-∏n-em-°-s∏-Sp∂ FIvkv{] v sslth-
I-fpw, hnam-\-Øm-h-f-ß-fpw, sjb¿am¿°-‰p-I-fpw, \£{X \K-c-ß-fp-sam-∂pw {]m]y-a-√mØ _lp-
`q-cn-]£w P\-ß-fp-tSbpw apXp-In¬ Nhn-´n-s°m≠v \S-Øp∂ Xosh´n-s°m-≈-bmWv Agn-a-Xn.
CsXm-cn-°epw hy‡n-]-c-amb [¿Ωm-[¿Ω-ß-fpsS {]iv\-a√ adn®v kº-ZvL-S-\-bp-ambpw hnhn[
h¿§ hn`m-K-ß-fpsS Xmev]-cy-ß-fp-ambpw ]dn-s®-dn-bm-\m-Im-Ø-hn[w _‘-s∏-´p°nS°p∂-Xm-Wv.
AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ P\-ß-fpsS hn`-h-ti-jnsb ap®qSpw sIm≈-b-Sn-°p∂ (AXn\v \n-b-a-hnt[b-
sa-t∂m, \nba hncp-≤-sat∂m A¿∞-an-√) tIm¿∏-td-‰v aqe-[-\-Øn\pw `cW h¿§ßfpw DtZym-
Kÿhrμ-ßfpw AS-ßp∂ Iq´p-sI-´n-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ i‡-amb ka-c-amWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ kml-
N-cy-am-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Chn-sS-bmWv A∂m lkmsc t]mse-bp≈ Km‘n-b∑m-cpsS ka-c-Øns‚
]cn-an-Xnsb Z¿in-°m-\m-hp-I. Chn-sS-bmWv cmPy-Øns‚
J\n-P-k-ºØv sIm≈-b-Sn-°p∂ tIm¿∏-td‰v IpØ-I-Iƒs°-Xnsc \ncm-ew-_-cmb BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ
OØn-kvK-Vn¬ \S-Øp∂ ka-c-Øns‚ Hu-∂n-XysØ Z¿in-°m-\m-hp-I. Chn-sS-bmWv sIm≈-b-Sn-
°-s∏-Sp-∂-h\pw sIm≈-°m-c\pw XΩn-ep≈ A\n-hmcyamb ka-csØ Z¿in-°m-\m-hp-I.

Reference

1. C¥y≥ h≥InS apX-emfn h¿§w (kp-\o-Xn-Ip-am¿ tLmjv)

2. Vedanta, chidambaram, maoist - Syed Ali Mujtaba
3. 2001 G{]n¬ 7,8,9 Xnø-Xn-I-fn¬ C¥y≥ FIvkv{]-kn¬ h∂ ap≥{]-[m-\-a{¥n \c-knw-l-
dm-hp-hns‚ teJ-\-]-c-ºc.
4. Imperialism the highest stage of Capitalism- V.I. Lenin
5. Who stand to gain - V.I. Lenin
6. Whence the threat to peace - Military Publishing house Moscow 1984
7. What we talk about when we talk about Corruption - Gautam patel EpW. April 23/
2011
8. Anna phenonmenon - EPW Editorial April 23/2011
9. Officers Corruption shattered Indian army confidence - Zaheerul Hassan by net
10. www.transperancy international.org
11. India top swisbank deposits - www.indiabroadband.net