ow) ey oF 5 0 Oe La SMe Most a)a TUBULAR STEEL i STRUCTURES — Theory and Design SECOND EDITION : by MLS. TROITSKY, D.Se. Professor of Engineering Concordia University MontrealTo my wife Tania © Copyright April 1982 Second Edition, 1990 Library of Congress Number — 81-8093, ec OPTED ESE ICS publisher’s preface As authors of major works in highly specialized areas of technology know, finding a publisher for the manuscript may be a difficult task, When the subject matter is of narrow interest and highly circumscribed, it is outside the province of the commercial publisher, who must realize a sales volume more than enough to cover his costs. The more comprehensive and scholarly the work becomes — and, thus, the more useful to, the technology — the more difficult is the problem of finding a publisher. When publi- cation requires hundreds of pages and a great mass of art work, itis usually beyond the scope of the journals of pertinent technical societies. In such eases, a patron may be required if the scholarly work is to be put in print, hard-covered, and made available to the public Fortunately, there are patrons in most areas of scienee, engineering, and tech- nology — foundations, associations, endowments, and even individuals who serve to {ill the gap in publication possibility. The James F. Lincoln Are Welding Foundation is such a patron for comprehensive studies pertaining to are-welding technology and arc-welded stecl design. As a part of its broad function in providing educational serviees that enhance the progress of are welding, the Foundation subsidizes the preparation, publication, and distribution of scholarly works that benefit designers, industrial managements, and others concerned with the technology and engineering of arcewelded steel. Dr. Troitsky’s monumental work on “Tubular Sree! Structures, Theory and Design” fits admirably into this function of the James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation. ‘The growing importance of tubular steel in the design of structures is well known to engineers. The properties of the circular cross section and the achievements of strength with light weight that ean be realized with it are intriguing tothe designer. But even though tubular steel is being used extensively in structures, the technology of its use is widely distributed through the literature. Dr. Troitsky in this book brings together the scattered information on tubular design and analysis in a well organized manner that should make it a valuable text and reference source. Dr. Troitsky is not unknown to beneficiaries of the James F. Lincoln Are Welding Foundation’s publishing ventures. He is also author ofthe work “Orshotropie Bridges, Theory and Design”, published under the aegis of the Foundation in 1967. This book, as the present one, also was considered as having too limited outlet possibilities for a commercial publisher — although the first printing of 5,000 copies sold out within a year. Such widespread distribution of volumes of highly specialized interests is facilitated by the Foundation’s subsidized distribution policy, which supplements its patronage of the preparation and printing costs. In effect, the Foundation offers the books it publishes at but a fraction of costs — just a nominal sum to guarantee that the recipient has a real need and interest in the work ‘Other well-known design books published by the Foundation inelude “Design of Weldments" and “Design of Welded Siructures”, both by Omer W. Blodgett, In addi- tion, the Foundation has sponsored many other works of more widespread interest, such as “Metals and How 10 Weld Them”, “Design Ideas for Weldments", and “Modern Welded Structures”. 9902-aHI-£0 oT 62: SWdd ‘ld Woe (RAH OL OVeo'd$$ ‘The James F. Lincoln Are Welding Foundation was formed in 1936 by the Lincoln Electric Company to provide educational services in the burgeoning art of arc welding and arc-welded steel design. Although expending most of its efforts on publications, the Foundation has also sponsored various Award Programs to encourage architects, engi- neers, and designers to use arc-welded steel more efficiently and esthetically in weldment and structural designs, ‘We feel certain that “Tubular Stee! Structures, Theory and Design” will be a worthy addition to any engineering library. Richard 8, Sabo, Executive Director, The James F. Lincoln ‘Are Welding Foundation The serviceability of a product or structure utilizing this type of information is ‘and must be the sole responsibility of the builder/user. Many variables beyond the control of The James F. Lincoln Are Welding Foundation affect the results obtained in applying this type of information. These variables include, but are not limited to welding procedure, plate chemistry and temperature, weldment design, fabrication ‘methods and service requirements, preface In this second edition the contents have been thoroughly revised and every effort was ‘made to correct errors and misprints detected in the first edition. Although much of the data of the first edition has been retained, the following changes and additions were made in the contents of the second edition. In Chapter 7 “Bins and Bunkers” sections retained to the Ring Girders and Roofs for Circular Bins, were substituted by the new text for Circular Girders Supporting Bins and Roofs for Circular Bins. Also in Chapter 12 “Tubular Conveyor Galleries” new sections concerning the design of "Ring Girders at Supports, Method by Krupka” were added. 9902-aH-£0 oT 62: SWdd ‘ld Woe (RAH OL oLea'dresume Saree eee ee cere eee eee reas eer ee cere eee MS. Troitsky, D.Sc. is Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Concordia University, Montreal. He has taught at Ecole Polytechnique and McGill University, Mon- treal. He has varied industrial experience in a fulltime and consulting capacity, and was responsible for the design and supervision of the construction on several major bridges, He is the author of the books: Orthotropic Bridges; Cable-Stayed Bridges; Stiffened Plates: Bending, Stability and Vibrations; Design Guidelines for Rectangular Stee! Bins, Tubular ‘Steel Structures; and Prestressed Stee! Structures; as well as numerous papers on structural ‘and bridge enginecring. He is a member of @ number of technical societies. acknowledgements {In preparing a book in the field of engineering, an author must depend upon the pub- lishing works of many engineers, scientists, mathematicians and engineering firms. The author and publisher of this book gratefully acknowledges the help and coopera tion received from many sources, Special acknowledgement is herewith made to the Canadian Steel Industries Construction Council and Imperial Oil Limited, who have financially supported the preparation of the research reports by the author on some topics treated in this book. ‘The author is also indebted to many org: ns and individuals for their help, assistance and permission to reproduce the designs. tables and graphs. The author also wishes to thank Mr. G. Korioth for the preparation of the draw- ings, and to Miss M. Stredder for typing the manuscript. Special acknowledgement is herewith given to the Canadian Institute of Steel Construction for whom the author has prepared a number of research reports and which work inspired the author to prepare this book 9902-aHI-£0 oT 62: SWdd ‘ld Woe (RAH OL Orecontents CHAPTER 1 — INTRODUCTION General Concept - 3.6 Edge Stresses and Deformations along. Intersections of Closed Cylindrical and 9902-aHI-£0 oT 62: : M4 12 Advantages of Tubular Structures ra Conical Shells under Internal Pressure : 1.21 Optimum Utilization of Material J... Ft 3.6.1 Design Loading 122 Pabrication i 3.6.2 Force According to the Membrane 1.3 Structural Behavior of Tubular Structures... 1-2 Theory oo 218 3 Lh1 Application of Thin-Walled Shells 3.6.3 Determination of Redundants X; and Xp ; Theory to Tubular Structures 2 and Values of My and Hl. 38 3 1.32. Buckling Stability of Tubular 3.64 Total Local Stresses of Cylindrical Shell 3 Structures... IB {in the Given System) at Level ava a 13. Junetion of Shells of Difierent Figure 3.9 (a) a8 Geometry | Sees 3.6.5 Summary of the Edge Siresses of the Conical Shell at Level a-a, Figure 3.9 (a) 3419 3.6.6 The Circumferential Edge Stresses of CHAPTER 2 — LOCAL AND OVERALL ete et 9 BUCKLING OF CVLINIMOAL SHELLS 3.64 Tangential Edge Stsss ofthe Conical s 24 Introduction 2 3.6.8 Displacements in the Plane a-a of the 22 Overall and Local Buckling +24 Points at the Intersection Line of the 2.3 A Paradox in the Buckling Analysis of Middle Surfaces of the Shells, Directed Cylindrical Shell under Axial Compression ‘Along the Radius r from the Axis 2.4 Importvetions of the Shell Shape and ofthe Shell. . 9 Edge Ftect : 5 3.6.9 Twisting of the Section at Level a-a a 25 Practical Application of Experimental Dat Considering Clockwise Direction as the 26 Allowable Design Stresses... : Positive, Figure 3.11 (6) x9 z References. Chapter 2 Edge Effect at the Intersection of Closed 2 Cylindrical and Spherical Shells under a CHAPTER 3 — EDGE EFFECT AT TUBULAR Internal Pressure, Figure 3.12 .... 319 Eerie 3.7.1 Design Scheme and Determination of | the Forces « 29 3 Physical Concept Sopra oe 3.7.2 Summary of the Local Stresses of the 3.2. Methods for the Solution of Edge fect Cylindrical Shell in a Given System at Problems... ae Level aa, Figure 3.12 (a) 320 3.2.1 Solution of the Problem by the 37.2.1 Meridional Edge Stresses of the [Force Method vee 2 Spherical Shell 3.20 2.2 Solution of the Problem by the 3.7.2.2 The Circumferential Bdge Stresses Method of Deformations. 33 ‘of the Spherical Shell ...2+2....2++ 321 e 3.3 Influence of Edge Effect on the Carrying 3.7.3 The Increase of the Radius ¢ at a 2 E Capacity of the Shell B13 Level a-a, Equal to AR, and Turn of the & i 34 Local Stresses and Deformations under Section at some Level Clockwise ¥. S ; Internal or External Pressure along the Figure 3.12 oss... 321 8 I Intersection of Closed Cylindical Shells 3 Bug Elles of Closed Cuindical Shei : 3.411 Designations having Stiffening Ring at Their Junction... 3-21 3.4.2 Rule of Signs : 3.9 Edge Effect Stifening Rings of Cylindrical 3.5 Determination of the Stresses under Internal’ Shells under Internal Pressure Po... 324 Pressure in the Thin-Walled Shells According 3.10 Edge Effect due to the Eccentrie Junction to the Membrane TReOry «s+... Bus of the Shells .esesseeeseeeeeseees 32s