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Group(s) : Two o More Individuals Interacting and Interdependent, Who Have Come Together To Achieve Particular Objectives

The document discusses various types of groups, including formal, informal, command, task, interest, and friendship groups. It also outlines the five stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Key aspects of group structure that are examined include roles, status, size, composition, and cohesiveness. The relationship between cohesiveness, performance norms, and productivity in groups is explored. Different group tasks and decision-making techniques such as brainstorming are also summarized.

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Ankit Kumar
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64 views

Group(s) : Two o More Individuals Interacting and Interdependent, Who Have Come Together To Achieve Particular Objectives

The document discusses various types of groups, including formal, informal, command, task, interest, and friendship groups. It also outlines the five stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Key aspects of group structure that are examined include roles, status, size, composition, and cohesiveness. The relationship between cohesiveness, performance norms, and productivity in groups is explored. Different group tasks and decision-making techniques such as brainstorming are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Ankit Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group(s)

Two o more individuals interacting and interdependent, who


have come together to achieve particular objectives

Classifying Groups

Formal group - A designated work group defined by the


organization’s structure
Informal group – A group that is neither formally
structured now organizationally determined; appears in
response to the need for social contact
Command group – A group composed of the individuals
who report directly to a given manager
Task group – those working together to complete a job or
task
Interest Group – Those working together to attain a
specific objective with which each is concerned
Friendship Group - Those brought together because they
share one or more common characteristics
The Five-Stage of Model of group development
Forming stage
The first stage in group development, characterized
by much uncertainty
Storming stage
The second stage in group development,
characterized by intragroup conflict
Norming stage
The third stage in group development, characterized
by close relationships and cohesiveness
Performing stage
The fourth stage in group development, when the
group is fully functional
Adjourning stage
The final stage in group development for temporary
groups, characterized by concern with wrapping up
activites rather than performance

Stages
Stagesof
ofGroup
GroupDevelopment
Development

E X H I B I T 8–2
E X H I B I T 8–2

The punctuated-Equilibrium Model


Group
GroupStructure
Structure--Roles
Roles(cont’d)
(cont’d)
Role(s)
A set of expected behavior patterns
attributed to someone occupying a given
position in a social unit.
Role Identity
Certain attitudes and behaviors
consistent with a role.
Role Perception
An individual’s view of how he or she
is supposed to act in a given situation.

Role Expectations
How others believe a person
should act in a given situation.
Role Conflict
A situation in which an individual is
confronted by divergent role expectations.
Conformity
Adjusting one’s behavior to align
with the norms of the group.
Reference Groups
Important groups to which
individuals belong or hope
to belong and with whose
norms individuals are likely
to conform.
Deviant Workplace Behavior
Antisocial actions by organizational
members that intentionally violate
established norms and result in negative
consequences for the organization, its
members, or both.
Category
Examples

Production
Leaving early

Intentionally working slowly

Wasting resources
Property
Sabotage

Lying about hours worked

Stealing from the organization


Political
Showing favoritism

Gossiping and spreading rumors

Blaming coworkers
Personal Aggression
Sexual harassment

Verbal abuse

Stealing from coworkers


Group
GroupStructure
Structure--Status
Status
Status
A socially defined position or rank given to
groups or group members by others.

Group
GroupStructure
Structure--Size
Size
Social Loafing
The tendency for individuals to expend
less effort when working collectively than
when working individually.
Performance

Group Size

Other
Otherconclusions:
conclusions:
Odd
Oddnumber
numbergroups
groupsdodo
better than even.
better than even.
Groups
Groupsof of77or
or99perform
perform
better
better overall thanlarger
overall than largeror
or
smaller groups.
smaller groups.

Group
GroupStructure
Structure--Composition
Composition
Group Demography
The degree to which members of a group
share a common demographic attribute,
such as age, sex, race, educational level,
or length of service in the organization,
and the impact of this attribute on
turnover.

Group
GroupStructure
Structure--Cohesiveness
Cohesiveness
Cohesiveness
Degree to which group members are
attracted to each other and are motivated
to stay in the group.
Relationship
RelationshipBetween
BetweenGroup
Group
Cohesiveness,
Cohesiveness,Performance
PerformanceNorms,
Norms,
and
andProductivity
Productivity
Group
GroupTasks
Tasks
Group
GroupTasks
Tasks

Decision-making
Large groups facilitate the pooling of information
about complex tasks.
Smaller groups are better suited to coordinating
and facilitating the implementation of complex
tasks.
Simple, routine standardized tasks reduce the
requirement that group processes be effective in
order for the group to perform well.
Weaknesses
More time consuming
(slower)
Increased pressure to
conform
Domination by one or a few
members
Ambiguous responsibility
Strengths
More complete information
Increased diversity of views
Higher quality of decisions
(more accuracy)
Increased acceptance of
solutions

Group
GroupDecision
DecisionMaking
Making(cont’d)
(cont’d)
Groupshift
A change in decision risk between the
group’s decision and the individual
decision that member within the group
would make; can be either toward
conservatism or greater risk.

Group
GroupDecision-Making
Decision-MakingTechniques
Techniques

Brainstorming
An idea-generation process that
specifically encourages any and all
alternatives, while withholding any
criticism of those alternatives.

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