Grammar Dutch Language Training
Grammar Dutch Language Training
15 The use of the word ER (Het gebruik van het woord ER) & Exercise 31
16 The use of the words MAAR (but), EENS (once) and EVEN (shortly) & Exercise 34
17 Numbers (Cijfers) 36
18 Colors (Kleuren) 38
1 Plural (Meervoud)
It's impossible to give all the rules for making plurals, but here are a few guidelines:
• Words that end on a syllable that includes a 'toneless -e' (like in de), usually get an -s:
de tafel - de tafels
de vader - de vaders
de haven - de havens
• Words that end on a vocal usually get an -s with an apostrophe (') to keep the sound 'long':
de taxi - de taxi's
de agenda - de agenda's
de radio - de radio's
• Watch out with the spelling of vocals though: if there's a 'long', double vocal it usually becomes a
single one, followed by a single consonant, if it's a 'short, single vocal, it usually stays single,
but followed by a doubled consonant:
de boot (boat) - de boten
het bot (bone) - de botten
de maan (moon) - de manen
de man (man) - de mannen
• If there's an -f at the end, it usually becomes a -v unless the English version of the word has a '-ph'
where the Dutch version has -f:
de brief (letter) - de brieven
de graaf (duke) - de graven
de paragraaf (paragraph) - de paragrafen
• If there's an -s at the end, it often becomes a -z. There's no rule though, to tell for which words or
sounds this happens, you just have to remember this for each word:
de kaars (candle) - de kaarsen
de laars (boot) - de laarzen
het kruis (cross) - de kruisen
het huis (house) - de huizen
• Unfortunately, besides all this, there are a lot of hard to remember exceptions:
de dag (day) - de dagen
het dak (roof) - de daken
het glas (glas) - de glazen
het bedrag (amount) - de bedragen
het gat (hole) - de gaten
het graf (grave) - de graven (compare to 'de graaf'...)
het dal (valley) - de dalen
het vat (barrel) - de vaten
de het schip (ship) - de schepen
de smid (blacksmith) - de smeden
het lid (member) - de leden
de stad (town) - de steden
de oom (uncle)- de ooms
de broer (brother) - de broers
de musicus (musician) - de musici
de timmerman (carpenter) - de timmerlieden or de timmerlui
de pen
de oven
de bal
de chemicus
de koopman
de muis
het geval
de auto
het menu
de oefening
het register
de leraar
de garage
de foto
de sleutel
One of the most frustrating things for those who learn Dutch at an adult age, is knowing when a word is a het
word and when it is a de word. I'm not going to tell that there is a method that deletes all frustrations, but I do
have a few hints that should make it a bit easier.
To begin with the reason for all this: there are masculine words, feminine words and neuter words.
All masculine and feminine words get de while all neuter words get het. A good way to remember this is
simply to think of 'the man, the woman and the child', since this will be: de man, de vrouw en het kind.
Though there is mostly not a very good reason for things to be masculine, feminine or neuter there are a few
indications:
• all words that are made smaller with (e)(t)je are neuter (de vrouw - het vrouwtje, de man – het
mannetje),
• practically all words that end on standard suffixes like -ing, -ij, -ie, -e and -heid are feminine (de vereniging,
de bakkerij, de politie, de dame, de moeilijkheid),
• all infinite verbs used as nouns are neuter (het eten, het fietsen),
• words starting with standard prefixes like ge-, ver, ont- and be- and not ending on -ing are neuter (het
gevaar, het verhaal, het ontzag, het beslag),
• words ending on -el or -er are quite often de-words (de tafel, de beker),
• buildings, however, are often het-words (het theater, het huis, het station - just not de bioscoop, since
that ends on -scoop, which is one of those standard suffixes),
• in plural all words get de (de vrouwtjes, de boeken)
• and, naturally, all words referring to persons (individuals) are de-words (de minister, de bakker).
Now, you could decide not to bother, producing a sound somewhere between de en het (...edth...) in case of
doubt, but think of the consequences of the difference:
• meaning 'this' and 'that', de-words get deze and die, while het-words get dit and dat,
• meaning 'which' (or sometimes 'what'), de-words get welke and het words get welk,
• meaning 'our', de-words get onze, while het-words get ons,
• adjectives end on an extra e (always pronounced in Dutch!) standing before a noun, except when this
is an indefinite (using een) het-word: de groene pen, een groene pen, het groeneboek, een groen boek).
If the learning of this de/het difference is really important to you, I would advise you to make a list of all het-
words you find: there are less of them then there are de-words.
Finally, when you really need to know, look in your dictionary. When it doesn't say straight forward if the
words are de or het, it might very well tell you indirectly, by putting (m), (v), or (o) behind the word. Since the
m stands for mannelijk (masculine), the v for vrouwelijk (feminine) and the o for onzijdig (neuter) you'll know
what to use. And for words having two or even three of those, like affiche (o&v(m)), you are free make your
own choice.
Some examples:
de (the) stoel | het (the) boek | de (the) stoelen, boeken
die (that) stoel | dat (that) boek | die (those) stoelen, boeken
deze (this) stoel | dit (this) boek | deze (these) stoelen, boeken
onze (our) stoel | ons (our) boek | onze (our) stoelen, boeken
welke (which) stoel | welk (which) boek | welke (which) stoelen, boeken
elke (every) stoel | elk (every) boek | alle (every) stoelen, boeken
iedere (each) stoel | ieder (each) boek | alle (all) stoelen, boeken
ATTENTION: you can place “een” (“a”) before almost every noun: een stoel, een boek
☺ Exercise: de or het?
A ABC in Dutch
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
Remarks:
• Please note that the Dutch 'a', 'e' and 'i' are pronounced quite different from the English way
• The 'y' is a bit confusing in Dutch. The sound we use when spelling 'y' is the way 'ei' and 'ij' are
pronounced in words like 'tijd' and 'leiden' (sounds the same as 'lijden'). The 'y' in words like
'gymnastiek' or 'cylinder' is the same sound as the Dutch 'i' or 'ie' in other Dutch' words.
• When spelling words in Dutch, it is common to mention 'y' as 'Griekse y', 'ij' as 'lange ij' and 'ei' as
'korte ei'.
Vowels are represented by the way they are usually written. The sound written as 'a', for example, represents
the sound of the dark and short version of this vowel (like in man) and 'aa' represents the clear and longer
version (like in maan). Nevertheless the 'aa' sound is written as a singel a when it stands at the end of a word
or syllable (like in ma-nen). This works for all vowels except the e at the end of a word (see ':' for the
pronunciation of a single e).
To prevent the dark/short version of a vowel (like man) from arriving at the end of a syllable (especially in
plurals), the consonant that follows mostly has to be doubled. So the plural of man is not manen (syllables
would be ma-nen, so the a would become a clear/long sound) but mannen (syllables are man-nen).
f v s z BUT:
geef geven | lees lezen | mens mensen
brief brieven | grens grenzen | wens wensen
geloof geloven | Europees Europese
4 Pronouns (voornaamwoorden)
ik mij mijn me
u u uw zich
• Many pronouns have two versions: one for regular use and one to use if the pronoun has a specific
emphasis (the 'proper' version):
- mij and mijn are usually me and m'n
- jij, jou and jouw are usually je (Herinner jij je jouw verjaardag? - Herinner je je je verjaardag?)
- zijn is usually z'n
- het is usually 't
- zij is usually ze
- wij is usually we
• The same goes for ze and hun (object, third person plural): normally you would use ze, but if you need
a special emphasis, you use hun .
• Officially, for object third person plural ('them') there are two forms: hun and hen. The grammar rules
state that:
- hen should be used for direct object and after prepositions and
- hun should be used for indirect object.
This is a purely artificial difference though: most Dutch people don't get it right - in colloquial Dutch
hun is mostly used for all object forms.
In spoken Dutch, you even hear hun being used as a subject form for third person plural. This is still
considered absolutely wrong, though.
• The possessive ons is used for het-nouns (ons huis) and onze for de-nouns (onze tuin).
☺ Exercises
Dag meneer Jansen. Hoe gaat het met ...? Kunt ... ... herinneren wanneer we voor het laatst bij mij koffie
gedronken heeft? En hoe gaat het met ... vrouw? Ligt ... nog in het ziekenhuis? Ik heb ... vorige week een kaartje
gestuurd - heeft ... dat al gekregen? Ik hoop dat ... ... snel zal herstellen.
Dag Hans. Hoe gaat het met ...? Heb ... al gehoord dat Bert op vakantie is? Heb ... al een kaartje van ... gehad?
Weet ... ook wanneer ... terugkomt?
1 Basic sequence
Like in most languages, the basic sentence starts with the subject, followed by the (first) verb. Something typical
for Dutch though, is that all other verbs are basically placed at the end of the sentence.
But:
the when/where/how sequence is often just optional and the object can often also be the first of these four,
if there is a preposition added to the when, where, how or object, it can also be placed after the other verbs.
2 Inversion
Often the subject and 1st verb are switched, so that the subject follows the verb. This occurs when:
• The sentence is a question.
• Not something strange to English speakers, though in English it only sounds right with some specific
verbs. A sentence like Weet jij dat? could hardly be translated as Know you that?
• The sentence is a command or instruction.
Also not strange to English speakers (come here, be there, don't you do that).
• A non-subject part of the sentence comes first.
Usually this would be when, where or how and incidentally the object. Watch out, though: each of those
positions could not only be filled by a single word, but also by a long phrase.
3 Extra position
The most weird constructions to English speakers might be those with all the verbs (including the first) at the
end. This occurs when there is a conjunctive word connecting two phrases.
Example (with dat as a conjunctive word): Ik denk dat hij gisteren thuis snel de was gedaan heeft.
But:
• the sequence of the verbs at the end doesn't really matter here, so it could as well be heeft gedaan,
• this extra position does not apply when the conjunctive word is en, maar or want,
• when the conjunctive word is dus you can choose between a basic sequence and inversion,
• when of is the conjunctive word and it means or, this extra position does not apply, but it does apply
when of means if.
☺ Exercises
Examples:
Ik heb geen vrouw, geen kinderen, geen zorgen en geen geld. (I have no wife, no children, no sorrows and
no money).
Ik heb geen groot huis, geen kleine kinderen, geen dure auto. (I have no big house, no small children, no
expensive car).
Ik spreek wel Engels, maar nog geen Nederlands. (I do speak English, but not yet Dutch).
Dutch verbs can, like the English ones, be divided into regular and irregular verbs. I'll give you the regularities
and then the irregularities for each tense. But before that, something about the used tenses. Speaking Dutch,
you'll basically need four of them:
Please note that the first two are used in much more cases than in English. When you're a beginner you could
restrict yourself for quite a while to using only those. You could for example just use 'ik zie haar' in situations
where you would use the English (more specific) phrases:
- I see her
- I am seeing her
- I will be seeing her
- I'm going to see her
Let's take a very common Dutch word: fietsen - which means 'to ride a bicycle'. For the different persons it
shows the following forms:
singular plural
1- ik fiets wij fietsen
2- jij fietst - fiets jij jullie fietsen - u fietst
3- hij/zij fietst zij fietsen
• So the form for ik is the verb without the -en part (this we call 'de stam'). And:
• If it should end on a 'long' vowel it has to become a double one: for nemen (to take) it will be ik
neem and for lopen (to walk) it should be 'ik loop'. There are a few exceptions, though - for komen (to
come), for example it should be ik kom.
• Dutch words never end on double consonants, so for the ik-form you also take half of a double
consonant away. For rennen (to run) it would thus be ik ren and not ik renn.
• Dutch words also never end on a v or a z. They become f and s. So for blazen (to blow) it will be ik
blaas and for beloven (to promise) it will be ik beloof.
• You take this form (de stam) and add a t for the second and third person singular, but you take it off
again when the subject jij or je comes after the verb instead of before. For plural you simply always
take the infinitive form. The only exception is when you use u: this form for 'you', used when it has
to be polite, can be used for singular and plural, but keeps the singular form.
• The few irregular verbs in the present tense are only irregular for singular forms - plural forms always
get the infinitive form:
!!! Jij woont in Nederland. (You live in Holland). Woon jij in Nederland? (Do you live in Holland)
• For regular verbs, the past tense has two possibilities: -de(n) or -te(n) behind the ik-form of the
present tense.
• You have to take -te for singular and -ten for plural if this form ends on a k, f, s, ch,p, t or x.
• To remember this, I use the word kofschiptaxi, containing all these consonants. If the ik-form does
not end on one of those, you take-de for singular and -den for plural.
• So for the verb fietsen, having an ik-form that ends on s, which is one of the consonants in kofschiptaxi,
it will be:
singular plural
1- ik fietste wij fietsten
2- jij fietste jullie fietsten
3- hij/zij fietste zij fietsten
• And for the verb rennen (to run), not having an ik-form that ends on one of the consonants in
kofschiptaxi, it will be:
singular plural
1- ik rende wij renden
2- jij rende jullie renden
3- hij/zij rende zij renden
t k f s ch p
For the perfect tense, you need to make a past participle (ge-form). You do that like this:
So for fietsen it will be ik heb gefietst, and for rennen it will be ik heb gerend.
The sad thing for languages like Dutch and English is that most of the frequently used verbs are irregular. I'll list
the most important ones, but before I do that I have a few remarks.
Note that most of them have vowel changes, both in past tense and past participle. In that case:
• there is practically never -t(e)(n) or-d(e)(n) at the end,
• the past participle practically always ends on-en.
The list is far from complete. I listed the most current ones and I skipped derived forms that go the same way. I
listed, for exemple kopen, trekken and staan, but I skipped verkopen (sell), vertrekken (leave), bestaan (exist) and
verstaan (understand).
The translation is quite incomplete. Many words just can't be translated properly without a few lines of
explanation. So take your dictionary for details.
With the past participles marked with * you use zijn, when they're marked with (*) you should use zijn when a
direction is indicated and for the ones marked (**) you can use zijn as well as hebben. For the other ones you
use hebben, unless they are used in a passive mode.
☺ Exercise: Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb
beet gebeten
blijven gebleven
kijken keek
kreeg gekregen
lijken geleken
rijden reed
schreef geschreven
snijden gesneden
bieden bood
koos gekozen
verliezen verloren
vliegen vloog
vroor gevroren
verbieden verboden
druipen droop
floot gefloten
kruipen gekropen
ruiken rook
sloot gesloten
binden gebonden
drinken dronk
begon begonnen
klinken geklonken
springen sprong
vond gevonden
winnen gewonnen
zingen zong
schonk geschonken
trekken getrokken
zwemmen zwom
nam genomen
breken gebroken
komen kwam
sprak gesproken
geven gegeven
eten at
las gelezen
vergeten vergeten
bidden bad
lag gelegen
zitten gezeten
blazen blies
hield gehouden
laten gelaten
lopen liep
riep geroepen
slapen geslapen
vallen viel
hielp geholpen
sterven gestorven
dragen droeg
groef gegraven
slaan geslagen
varen voer
ging gegaan
hangen gehangen
vangen ving
bewoog bewogen
scheren geschoren
wegen woog
werd geworden
bakken gebakken
braden braadde
bracht gebracht
denken gedacht
doen deed
had gehad
heten geheten
jagen joeg
kocht gekocht
kunnen gekund
lachen lachte
moest gemoeten
mogen gemogen
staan stond
vroeg gevraagd
wassen gewassen
weten wist
wilde gewild
zeggen gezegd
zien zag
was geweest
• Using the past participle you do this when the first verb is:
hebben - to have - ik heb een tekening gemaakt (I have made a drawing)
zijn - to be - de tekening is gemaakt - the drawing is made
worden - to be(-come) (often is being) - de tekening wordt gemaakt (the drawing is
being(/becomes)made)
• Using the infinitive you do this when the first verb is:
blijven - to stay - hij blijft slapen - he's staying to sleep
gaan - to go - hij gaat fietsen - he is going to ride a bicycle
komen - to come - hij komt eten - he's coming to eat ('he's coming fordinner')
kunnen - to can/to be able to - ik kan niet komen - I can't come
laten - to let/to have something done - ik laat mijn haar knippen - I let my hair cut (havemy hair cut) OR
ik laat hem gaan - I let him go
moeten - to must/to have to - ik moet gaan - I have to go
mogen - to may/to be allowed to - je mag dat niet doen - you are not allowed to do that
willen - to want - ik wil eten - I want to eat
zullen - to will/to shall - ik zal zien - I'll see
horen when it literally means to hear - ik hoor hem schreeuwen - I hear him shout
voelen - to feel - ik voel het groeien - I feel it growing
zien when it literally means to see - ik zie de zon schijnen - I see the sun shining
leren - to learn: optional - ik leer fietsen (most current) OR ik leer te fietsen - I'm learning to ride a
bicycle
• Using the infinitive + te you do this when the first verb is none of the above
Ik probeer te komen - I try to come
Ik begin het te leren - I'm beginning to learn it
☺ Exercises
Ik mag niet in het park ... (I'm not allowed to come in the park)
a - te komen
b - komen
c – gekomen
Hij, hebben, het boek, lezen (He, to have, the book, to read)
13 Reflexive verbs
In the form above, there is one sentence that contains a reflexive verb: the infinitive here, is zich afvragen (to
wonder): if the dictionary states that zich ('oneself') belongs to a verb it means it's a reflexive one. This is a kind
of verb that requires the subject to be an object too. In English, you can do this with some verbs (I'm washing
myself, I find myself ..., I'm exerting myself), but in Dutch you have to do this to quite a lot of verbs.
A few examples:
zich herinneren - to remember
zich schamen - to be ashamed
zich vergissen - to be mistaken
zich verheugen op - to look forward to
zich voorstellen - to imagine
Some other verbs can be reflexive: they require an object and this could be the subject. Examples:
(zich) bewegen - to move
(zich) scheren - to shave
(zich) wassen - to wash
Here are some phrases with these verbs. Note that the reflexive pronoun is always placed after the first verb:
Ik herinner me zijn naam niet.
The reflexive pronouns you need for the reflexive verbs are listed below:
subject reflexive
ik me
jij je
u zich
hij zich
zij zich
het zich
wij ons
jullie je
zij zich
☺ Exercise
zich realiseren –
... u ... dat alles anders moet?
zich bemoeien met
Waar ... hij ... ...?
zich haasten
Hij ... ... om op tijd te komen.
zich verslapen
Zij heeft ... al drie keer ....
zich amuseren
Wij ... ... absoluut niet.
zich verheugen op
.... je ... op je vakantie?
zich ergeren
Ik ... ... vaak aan hem
zich herinneren
Zij ... ... dat ongeluk niet meer.
zich vergissen
Jullie ... ..., volgens mij.
zich omdraaien
Hij heeft ... zojuist ....
In the phrase above you can find what is called a comparative: langzamer (slower). The original form langzaam
is extended wit -er and because of the Dutch spelling rules (lesson 1) there's one -a- less.
Except for the one -a- thing, this is the same as what happens in English: 'thin-thinner' is in Dutch dun-dunner
and even irregular forms are a lot alike: 'good-better' is in Dutch goed-beter.
And there's more good news, for the superlative is almost the same: in English you add '-est' ('thinnest'), in
Dutch just -st (dunst). Usually the article het is used for the superlative (Dit boek is het dunst).
The only tricky thing, is that you have an extra -d if the word ends on a -r
15 The use of the word ER (Het gebruik van het word ER)
To a lot of foreigners er is a very confusing word. Not only can it mean a lot of things (like there, it, or just
nothing), it is also hard to study since it is mostly pronounced as d'r, 'r or even as hardly anything at all. Besides,
it can also be found at several places in the sentence.
Only in the first two examples er is literally translated - in the other ones it could be translated, but that would
mostly produce a weird sentence. Nevertheless, the use of er could very well be explained by its different
possible meanings if you don't take 'meanings' to literal.
1 - Er means there/here
This could be (a) a not emphasized place, or (b)a non-particular subject.
(a) In the sentence Ja, ik woon er al drie jaar you could replace er by either hier ('righthere') or daar ('over there')
if you're pointing somewhere, but you're not doing that in this case.
(b) In the sentence Er staat een paard in de gang, you could do the same. If you want to say Right here - and not
over there - there is a horse standing in the hall, you would indeed use hier and daar: Hier - en niet daar - staat een
paard in de gang.
Note however, that we are talking about een paard -a horse, so a non-particular subject. If it would be het
paard - the horse, we couldn't use er. We would either use daar or hier, or - even better - just start with the
subject: Het paard staat (hier/daar) in de gang.
2 - Er means it or them
Consider these sentences, where the object is replaced:
Ik zie de film - ik zie hem (I see it)
Ik zie het programma - ik zie het (I see it)
Ik zie de boeken - ik zie ze (I see them)
You see that for things you can use hem referring to de words, het referring to het words and ze referring to
plurals.
So when there's a preposition, we use er to refer to de words, het words or plurals. And we place it not only
before the preposition, but also attached to it (like ernaar, erin, erop, ervan etc.). There can however, in more
complex sentences, be something (like a 'when', 'where'or 'how' statement, or simply niet) between er and the
preposition:
Ik kijk er niet naar.
Ik kijk er vandaag liever niet naar.
Watch out, though: er is only used for things - for persons we use the appropriate pronouns:
Ik kijk naar hem/haar/jou/...
So while in English you have the choice between I have ten or I have ten of them, in Dutch the current thing to
say is only Ik heb er tien (for most English speaking students it somehow feels weird saying this and they need to
practice it for a while to get it 'into the system').
4 - Expressions
A lot of Dutch phrases containing er are merely to be taken as expressions and not to be translated literally. In
a grammatical sense er would have a meaning like mentioned above (here/there/it/them/...), but that doesn't
always fully explain the form.
Take, for example Hoe gaat het ermee? It could be translated as How goes it there with? or even just How goes it
with it, but that doesn't explain why this sentence is used this much (besides Hoe gaat het).
Or Je ziet er goed uit: it could be translated as something like You look good out of it - but that still doesn't make
much sense.
So, in those cases, an expression is better just taken as it is without too much questioning about the
grammatical form.
☺ Exercises
II - Find out where 'er' would fit in (because it could be at the beginning of a sentence, no
sentence starts with a capital here):
16 The use of the words MAAR (but), EENS (once) and EVEN (shortly)
Kijk eens!
Kom maar.
Wil je de deur even(tjes) opendoen?
Ga eens even opzij.
Kijk maar eens even door deze bril.
Although these sentences are hardly considered difficult to understand, they are not really easy to translate
into English. They could result in something like:
Hey, look!
Just come over here, please.
Would you (please) just open the door?
Just move aside.
(Come on) just look through these glasses.
The problem is, that those little words like maar, eens and even(tjes) do not only have a literal meaning (but,
once, shortly), but also a modifying function in the sentence. In a lot of cases you could say that they mean
something like just, and are squeezed into the sentence to make it less direct and more polite. In fact, if you
take a commanding sentence, you can just 'soften' it, by putting one (or some) of those words in it. For
example kom hier is a quite rude command, while kom eens hier or kom even hier is a lot more friendly and kom
maar hier could even be something like a very inviting gesture. There are a few more words with similar
functions, though maar, eens and even are the most frequently used. Take for example gewoon and hoor:
Je moet gewoon naar de tandarts.
Nou, tot ziens, hoor.
Here too, you could use just in your translation into English:
You just have to go to the dentist.
Well, just goodbye then.
Generally, whenever you notice those words are not making sense when you assign their literal meaning to
them, you could leave them out, get the meaning of the sentence without them and keep in mind that someone
is trying to be polite here. But if you want to use those words correctly yourself, the best thing you could do
is probably to analyze their use for a while, because they all have their specific contexts. It is impossible to give
rules for that, but I noticed that a lot of students were able to develop a good sense for it, just by reading,
listening and analyzing.
To give some indications (remember, these are no rules, just vague patterns):
☺ Exercises
17 Numbers (cijfers)
0 nul 10 tien
1 een 11 elf
2 twee 12 twaalf
3 drie 13 dertien
4 vier 14 veertien
5 vijf 15 vijftien
6 zes 16 zestien
7 zeven 17 zeventien
8 acht 18 achttien
9 negen 19 negentien
20 twintig 30 dertig
21 eenentwintig 31 eenendertig
22 tweeëntwintig 32 tweeëndertig
23 drieëntwintig 33 drieëndertig
24 vierentwintig 34 vierendertig
25 vijfentwintig 35 vijfendertig
26 zesentwintig 36 zesendertig
27 zevenentwintig 37 zevenendertig
28 achtentwintig 38 achtendertig
29 negenentwintig 39 negenendertig
40 veertig 50 vijftig
41 eenenveertig 51 eenenvijftig
42 tweeënveertig 52 tweeënvijftig
43 drieënveertig 53 drieënvijftig
44 vierenveertig 54 vierenvijftig
45 vijfenveertig 55 vijfenvijftig
46 zesenveertig 56 zesenvijftig
47 zevenenveertig 57 zevenenvijftig
48 achtenveertig 58 achtenvijftig
49 negenenveertig 59 negenenvijftig
60 zestig 70 zeventig
61 eenenzestig 71 eenenzeventig
62 tweeënzestig 72 tweeënzeventig
63 drieënzestig 73 drieënzeventig
64 vierenzestig 74 vierenzeventig
65 vijfenzestig 75 vijfenzeventig
66 zesenzestig 76 zesenzeventig
67 zevenenzestig 77 zevenenzeventig
68 achtenzestig 78 achtenzeventig
69 negenenzestig 79 negenenzeventig
80 tachtig 90 negentig
81 eenentachtig 91 eenennegentig
82 tweeëntachtig 92 tweeënnegentig
83 drieëntachtig 93 drieënnegentig
84 vierentachtig 94 vierennegentig
85 vijfentachtig 95 vijfennegentig
86 zesentachtig 96 zesennegentig
87 zevenentachtig 97 zevenennegentig
88 achtentachtig 98 achtennegentig
89 negenentachtig 99 negenennegentig
18 Colors (kleuren)
blauw
bruin
geel
grijs
groen
oranje
paars
rood
rose
wit
zwart
19 Prepositions (voorzetsels)
aldus according to
als as
bovenop on top of
dankzij thanks to
door trhough, by
gedurende during
krachtens by virtue of
na after
naast next
namens on behalf of
niettegenstaande inspite of
om around, for, at
ondanks in spite of
onder under
ongeacht regardless of
op on
rondom around
te at, in
tegen against, to
tijdens during
vanaf from
via via
wegens because of
zonder without
10.20 uur tien voor half elf 10.45 uur kwart voor elf
10.25 uur vijf voor half elf 10.50 uur tien voor elf
10.55 uur vijf voor elf
Delen van de dag (parts of the day)