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Distance Relay Setting

The document discusses methods for using current transformers (CTs) to monitor current on electrical circuits and protect them from overcurrent faults. It describes running all phase and neutral leads through a single large window CT connected to an overcurrent relay as one method. Alternatively, using individual CTs with the secondaries wired in parallel and connected to the relay is mentioned. The document also discusses percentage differential relays, where the operating current tries to close the relay against the restraint current, tripping the breaker if the operating current is over 10% higher. Calculating relay operating times using the CT ratio, current setting, and time-current curve is also summarized.

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billymcreal
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384 views

Distance Relay Setting

The document discusses methods for using current transformers (CTs) to monitor current on electrical circuits and protect them from overcurrent faults. It describes running all phase and neutral leads through a single large window CT connected to an overcurrent relay as one method. Alternatively, using individual CTs with the secondaries wired in parallel and connected to the relay is mentioned. The document also discusses percentage differential relays, where the operating current tries to close the relay against the restraint current, tripping the breaker if the operating current is over 10% higher. Calculating relay operating times using the CT ratio, current setting, and time-current curve is also summarized.

Uploaded by

billymcreal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I found these...

The easiest way is to run all 6 (3 phases, 3 neutrals) or 4 (3 phases and neutral)
leads through a large window CT and connect it to a simple overcurrent relay. This is
not always very easy. You can also use individual CT's, wire all the secondaries in
parallel and in parallel with the overcurrent relay. It is very important the CT's are
matched exactly. Thus the percentage comes into play.

Percentage differential is the difference between the operating current and the
restraint current. Think of it this way, operating current (phase current) tries to close
the relay and the restraint current (neutral) tries to hold it open. If it closes, the
breaker trips. So a 10% differential relay setting says that the operating current
needs to be over 10% more than the restraint current.

This gets much more complicated when you have a zone that includes the generator
and the transformer

Or this one?

(a) Time/ p.s.m curve

(b) Current setting

(c) Time setting

(d) Fault current

(e) Current transformer ratio

The procedure for calculating the actual relay operating time is as follows

<!--[if !supportLists]-->(i) <!--[endif]-->Convert the fault current into the relay coil
current by using the current transformer ratio.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->(ii) <!--[endif]-->Express the relay current as a multiple of


current setting i.e. calculate the P.S.M.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->(iii) <!--[endif]-->From the Time P.S.M. curve of the relay,


read off the time of operation for the calculated P.S.M.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->(iv) <!--[endif]-->Determine the actual time of operation by


multiplying the above time of the relay by time setting multiplier in use.

Problem 1: – Determine the time of operation of a 5-ampere, 3-second over current


relay having a current setting of 125% and a time setting, multiplier of 0.6
connected to supply circuit through a 400/5 current transformer when the circuit
carries a fault current of 4000A. The time of operation is 3.5 for a P.S.M value of 8.

Solution
Rated secondary current of CT = 5 A

Pickup current = 5 x 1.25 = 6.25 A

Fault current in relay coil = 4000 x 5/400 = 50 A

Plug-setting multiplier (P.S.M.) = 50/6.25 = 8

Given when P.S.M is 8 time operation is 3.5 Sec.

Actual relay operating time = 3.5 x Time-setting = 3.5 x 0.6 = 2.1 seconds

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