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Unique Concepts of Power Electronics

This document discusses key concepts of power electronics including switching operation, power losses in switching transistors, and commutation. Switching operation is used for high power applications and involves switching losses proportional to switching frequency in addition to conduction and off-state losses. The average power dissipated during a switching interval determines the maximum number of switchings and is the sum of switching, conduction, and off-state power losses. Commutation is the process of turning off a thyristor using a circuit to apply reverse bias for longer than the thyristor's turn-off time and involves reducing current to zero, delaying reapplication of voltage, providing an alternative current path, and turning on the next conducting element.

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19 views

Unique Concepts of Power Electronics

This document discusses key concepts of power electronics including switching operation, power losses in switching transistors, and commutation. Switching operation is used for high power applications and involves switching losses proportional to switching frequency in addition to conduction and off-state losses. The average power dissipated during a switching interval determines the maximum number of switchings and is the sum of switching, conduction, and off-state power losses. Commutation is the process of turning off a thyristor using a circuit to apply reverse bias for longer than the thyristor's turn-off time and involves reducing current to zero, delaying reapplication of voltage, providing an alternative current path, and turning on the next conducting element.

Uploaded by

egaupc2123
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIQUE CONCEPTS OF POWER

ELECTRONICS
• Switching Operation
– Linear operation for low power, high purity
– Switching for high power operation
• Power Losses in a Switching Power
Transistor
– Equal to on-state voltage x load current
• Commutation
Assumed transistor switching waveforms

OFF-STATE - 1
Off loses, small

ON-STATE - 2
Conduction losses, small

ON-OFF, OFF-ON
TRANSITIONS - 3
Switching losses,
proportional to switching
frequency

1 3 2
Power dissipation in transistor
The instantaneous power dissipated during the switching interval

The average power dissipated during a switching interval is important since


it determines the maximum number of switchings possible in a given time
interval. The average dissipation during the interval TSW is given by

Combining the two equations

Total device average dissipation = Psw + Pon + Poff = PT


Commutation
• The transfer of unidirectional current between rectifier
circuit elements or thyristor converter circuit elements
that conduct in succession.

• Thyristor commutation is the process to turn off a


thyristor. The circuit that is used to realize commutation
process is called the commutation circuit. The duration
for which the commutation circuit is able to apply reverse
bias across the thyristor is called the "circuit turn-off
time" which should be greater than the "thyristor turn-
off time". In general, complete commutation may involve
a number of events. The most important of these are:
(1) The reduction of forward current to zero in one power semiconductor
switching element.
(2) The delay of reapplication of forward voltage to this element until it has
regained its forward-blocking capability.
(3) The provision of an alternative path for the load-current flow until the
next element to conduct is turnedon.
(4) The build-up of forward current in the next element which is to conduct.

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