REPORT ON Technology

Presented by: Narender Pal SG-7531 ECE 7th Sem

CONTENTS
   What is Bluetooth? How Bluetooth Technology works? Advantages of Bluetooth Technology  Disadvantage of Bluetooth Technology   Future of Bluetooth Technology Conclusion

IND X

page no.

1. ABOUT BLUETOOTH.....................................................3

2. TECHNOLOGT USED

.............................................6

3. APPLICATIONS..............................................................8

4. ADV & DISADV OF BLUETOOTH...................................10

5. IMPLEMENTATION.......................................................13

6. COMMUNICATION & CONNECTION

.......................16

7. COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS........................................20

8. BIBILIOGRAPHY.............................................................23

WHAT IS BLU TOOTH

1.Blu tooth t hnolo eli in tes the need fo nu erous and in on enient cable attach ents. 2.This technolo enable users to auto aticall and easil connect a wide ran e of co putin and teleco unication devices. 3. Bluetooth makes wireless communication and networkin between devices in a small localized area. 4. In Bluetooth all the connections between devices are occurrin immediatel and invisible. 5. Bluetooth is actuall a standard for wireless communications between devices within a ran e of 10metres. 6. Bluetooth was officiall introduced in 1998 and its intended basic purpose was to be a wire replacement technolo in order to rapidl transfer voice and data. 7. Bluetooth Special Interest Group is a group of companies from the telecommunications, computing and networking industries that promotes the development and deplo ment of Bluetooth technology.

HOW BLU TOOTH TECHNOLOGY WORKS ?

1.Bluetooth is a high-speed, low-power microwave wireless link technology, designed to connect phones, laptops, PDAs and other portable equipments together with little or no work by the user. 2. Unlike infra-red, Bluetooth does not require any line-ofsight positioning of connected devices like Infra-red. 3. Two Bluetooth products can exchange their addresses and capabilities just after coming within the range of about 10metres. 4. The radio operates on the globally-available unlicensed radio band, 2.45 GHz and supports data speeds of up to 721 Kbps. 5. The Bluetooth modules can be either built into electronic devices or used as an adaptor. or instance in a PC they can be built in as a PC card or externally attached via the USB port.

A typical Bluetooth USB

Bluetooth USB connected with Laptop

An Internal notebook Bluetooth card (14364 nm) dimension

6. Connections can be point-to-point or multipoint. The maximum range is 10 meters but can be extended to 100 meters by increasing the power. Bluetooth devices are protected from radio interference by changing their frequencies arbitrarily up to a maximum of 1600 times a second, a technique known as frequency hopping. 7. The Bluetooth specification targets power consumption of the device from a "hold" mode consuming 30 micro amps to the active transmitting range of 8-30milliamps which is less than 3% of the power used by a standard mobile phone. The chips also have excellent power-saving features. 8. Automatic communication between various devices within a small area makes it possible to provide unique and innovative services to a professional worker. 9. Piconet is the important factor in Bluetooth connectivity. It is simply a collection of devices connected through Bluetooth Technology. 10. While establishing a Piconet , one unit will behave as a master and the other as slaves for the duration of Piconet connection .

BLUETOOTH APPLICATIONS
1. By installing a Bluetooth network in office you can do away with the complex task of networking between the computing devices. Each Bluetooth device could be connected to 200 other devices. It supports both point to point and point to multipoint connections. 2. The Bluetooth technology connects all your peripherals wirelessly. Connect your pc or to printers , scanners and other devices without the trouble of cable attachments. You can increase your connections by connecting your keyboard wirelessly to your computer. 3. If your digital camera is Bluetooth enabled, you can send videos, images from any location to any location without the problem of connecting your cameras to the mobile phone. 4. Connect your wireless headset to your pc to your mobile phone or mobile computer to keep your hands free for more important tasks when you are at the office or in your car.

ADVANTAGES O BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY

1. Bluetooth Devices are Wireless In addition to improving safety as a result of eliminating the clutter of wires and associated hazardous connections, Bluetooth wireless technology also offers you many convenient advantages. 2. Bluetooth Technology is Inexpensive Bluetooth technology is cheap for companies to implement, which results in lower over-all manufacturing Costs. These savings are then passed on to you, the consumer. The end result: Bluetooth devices are relatively inexpensive. 3. Bluetooth is Automatic. When two or more Bluetooth devices enter a range (Up to 30 feet) of one another, they automatically begin to communicate without you having to do anything. The best part is: The devices take care of the entire setup process, and you can go about your business. 4. Low Energy Consumption Bluetooth uses low power signals. As a result, the technology requires little energy and will therefore use less battery or electrical power.

5. Share Voice and Data The Bluetooth standard allows compatible devices to share both voice and data communications. or example, it is probably no surprise that a Bluetooth enabled cell phone is capable of sharing voice communications with a compatible Bluetooth headset , however, the same cell phone may also be capable of establishing a GPRS connection to the Internet. Then, using Bluetooth, the phone can connect to a laptop. The result: The laptop is capable of surfing the web or sending and receiving email

A typical Bluetooth mobile phone headset

6.ACCESSIBLE ROM ANYWHERE Though Bluetooth has a specific range but we can access it up to very wide range and can also use it from an unanticipated range of application from mobiles to automobiles. The low power consumption , small size and low cost enables this technology to be used in the tiniest of devices.

DISADVANTAGE O BLUETOOTH
1. Bluetooth devices can not be connected with more than one devices at a time, as it finds problem in discovering the intended recipient device. 2. Bluetooth has a low data rate( i.e.1 MBps) in comparision to infra-red(i.e.4 MBps).

FUTURE OF BLUETOOTH
1. Many of us think that Bluetooth is going to be here to stay , but it is wrong. 2. Bluetooth will be able to complete all other wireless technologies, such as Wi-Fi networking , infra-red data association , etc

CONCLUSION
Bluetooth is a wireless medium that is used in almost all portable and non-portable devices to transfer data & information. It is one essential part of our daily work and will soon be a necessity instead of an option.

IMPLEMENTATION

Bluetooth uses a radio technology called frequencyhopping spread spectrum, which chops up the data being sent and transmits chunks of it on up to 79 bands (1 MHz each) in the range 2402-2480 MHz. This range is in the globally unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) 2.4 GHz shortrange radio frequency band. Originally Gaussian frequency-shift keying (GFSK) modulation was the only modulation scheme available; subsequently, since the introduction of Bluetooth 2.0+EDR, /4-DQPSK and 8DPSK modulation may also be used between compatible devices. Devices functioning with GFSK are said to be operating in basic rate (BR) mode where a gross data rate of 1 Mbit/s is possible. The term enhanced data rate (EDR) is used to describe /4DPSK and 8DPSK schemes, each giving 2 and 3 Mbit/s respectively. The combination of these (BR and EDR) modes in Bluetooth radio technology is classified as a "BR/EDR radio". Bluetooth is a packet-based protocol with a masterslave structure. One master may communicate with up to 7 slaves in a piconet; all devices share the master's clock. Packet exchange is based on the basic clock, defined by the master, which ticks at 312.5 s intervals. Two clock ticks make up a slot of

625 s; two slots make up a slot pair of 1250 s. In the simple case of single-slot packets the master transmits in even slots and receives in odd slots; the slave, conversely, receives in even slots and transmits in odd slots. Packets may be 1, 3 or 5 slots long but in all cases the master transmit will begin in even slots and the slave transmit in odd slots. Bluetooth provides a secure way to connect and exchange information between devices such as faxes, mobile phones, telephones, laptops, personal computers, printers, Global Positioning System(GPS) receivers, digital cameras, and video game consoles. The Bluetooth specifications are developed and licensed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). The Bluetooth SIG consists of more than 13,000 companies in the areas of telecommunication, computing, networking, and consumer electronics.[5] To be marketed as a Bluetooth device, it must be qualified to standards defined by the SIG

Communication and connection

A master Bluetooth device can communicate with up to seven devices in a piconet. The devices can switch roles, by agreement, and the slave can become the master at any time. At any given time, data can be transferred between the master and one other device. The master chooses which slave device to address; typically, it switches rapidly from one device to another in a round-robin fashion. Simultaneous transmission from the master to multiple other devices is possible via broadcast mode, but this capability is infrequently used in practice. The Bluetooth Core Specification provides for the connection of two or more piconets to form a scatternet, in which certain devices serve as bridges, simultaneously playing the master role in one piconet and the slave role in another. Many USB Bluetooth adapters or "dongles" are available, some of which also include an IrDA adapter. Older (pre-2003) Bluetooth dongles, however, have limited capabilities, offering only the Bluetooth Enumerator and a less-powerful Bluetooth Radio incarnation. Such devices can link

computers with Bluetooth with a distance of 100 meters, but they do not offer much in the way of services that modern adapters do.

BLUETOOTH DEVICES:

Bluetooth exists in many products, such as the iPod Touch, Lego Mindstorms NXT, PlayStation 3, PSP Go, telephones, the Wii, and some high definition headsets, modems, and watches. The technology is useful when transferring information between two or more devices that are near each other in low-bandwidth situations. Bluetooth is commonly used to transfer sound data with telephones (i.e., with a Bluetooth headset) or byte data with hand-held computers (transferring files). Bluetooth protocols simplify the discovery and setup of services between devices. Bluetooth devices can advertise all of the services they provide. This makes using services easier because more of the security, network address and permission configuration can be automated than with many other network types

COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS:

A personal computer that does not have embedded Bluetooth can be used with a Bluetooth adapter or "dongle" that will enable the PC to communicate with other Bluetooth devices (such as mobile phones, mice and keyboards). While some desktop computers and most recent laptops come with a builtin Bluetooth radio, others will require an external one in the form of a dongle. Unlike its predecessor, IrDA, which requires a separate adapter for each device, Bluetooth allows multiple devices to communicate with a computer over a single adapter.

Operating system support

For more details on this topic, see Bluetooth stack. Apple has supported Bluetooth since Mac OS X v10.2 which was released in 2002.[14] For Microsoft platforms, Windows XP Service Pack 2 and SP3 releases have native support for Bluetooth 1.1, 2.0 and 2.0+EDR.[15] Previous versions required users to install their Bluetooth adapter's own drivers, which were not directly supported by

Microsoft.[16] Microsoft's own Bluetooth dongles (packaged with their Bluetooth computer devices) have no external drivers and thus require at least Windows XP Service Pack 2. Windows Vista RTM/SP1 with the Feature Pack for Wireless or Windows Vista SP2 support Bluetooth 2.1+EDR.[15] Windows 7 supports Bluetooth 2.1+EDR and Extended Inquiry Response (EIR).[15] The Windows XP and Windows Vista/Windows 7 Bluetooth stacks support the following Bluetooth profiles natively: PAN, SPP, DUN, HID, HCRP. The Windows XP stack can be replaced by a third party stack which may support more profiles or newer versions of Bluetooth. The Windows Vista/Windows 7 Bluetooth stack supports vendor-supplied additional profiles without requiring the Microsoft stack to be replaced.[15] Linux has two popular Bluetooth stacks, BlueZ and Affix. The BlueZ stack is included with most Linux kernels and was originally developed byQualcomm.[17] The Affix stack was developed by Nokia. FreeBSD features Bluetooth support since its 5.0 release. NetBSD features Bluetooth support since its 4.0 release. Its Bluetooth stack has been ported to OpenBSD as well.

Bluetooth low energy

Bluetooth low energy is an enhancement to the Bluetooth standard that was introduced in Bluetooth v4.0. It allows two types of implementation, dualmode and single-mode. In a dual-mode implementation, Bluetooth low energy functionality is integrated into an existing Classic Bluetooth controller. The resulting architecture shares much of Classic Bluetooths existing radio and functionality resulting in a minimal cost increase compared to Classic Bluetooth. Additionally, manufacturers can use current Classic Bluetooth (Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR or Bluetooth v3.0 + HS) chips with the new low energy stack, enhancing the development of Classic Bluetooth enabled devices with new capabilities. Single-mode chips, which will enable highly integrated and compact devices, will feature a lightweight Link Layer providing ultra-low power idle mode operation, simple device discovery, and reliable point-to-multipoint data transfer with advanced power-save and secure encrypted connections at the lowest possible cost. The Link Layer in these controllers will enable Internet connected sensors to schedule Bluetooth low energy traffic between Bluetooth transmissions.

Expected use cases for Bluetooth low energy technology include sports and fitness, security and proximity and smart energy. Bluetooth low energy technology is designed for devices to have a battery life of up to one year such as those powered by coin-cell batteries. These types of devices include watches that will use Bluetooth low energy technology to display Caller ID information and sports sensors that will be used to monitor the wearer's heart rate during exercise. The Medical Devices Working Group of the Bluetooth SIG is also creating a medical devices profile and associated protocols to enable Bluetooth applications for this vertical market.

Future
Broadcast channel Enables Bluetooth information points. This will drive the adoption of Bluetooth into mobile phones, and enable advertising models based on users pulling information from the information points, and not based on the object push model that is used in a limited way today. Topology management Enables the automatic the piconet topologies configuration of especially

in scatternet situations that are becoming more common today. This should all be invisible to users of the technology, while also making the technology "just work." QoS improvements Enable audio and video data to be transmitted at a higher quality, especially when best effort traffic is being transmitted in the same piconet.

BIBLOGRAPHY
Book References
[1] Ryckebusch, Jules (1997) Build These Noise-Canceling Headphones, Internet document. http://headwize2.powerpill.org/projects/showproj.php?file =noise_prj.htm.

Algorithm References
[2] Ruckman, C.E. (1995) "Frequently Asked Questions: Active Noise Control," Internet FAQ document. Available via anonymous ftp from ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/active-noisecontrol-faq, or via Usenet in news:news.answers. [3] Franklin, Gene F. "Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems" 4th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2002. [4] Hansen, Colin H. "Understanding Active Noise Cancellation". London and New York: Spon Press, 2001.