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The document discusses the human respiratory system and breathing mechanism. It explains that breathing involves two processes - inhalation and exhalation. During inhalation, the rib cage expands and the diaphragm contracts, which increases the volume of the thoracic cavity. This causes a decrease in air pressure, allowing air to flow into the lungs. During exhalation, the reverse occurs as the rib cage and diaphragm relax, decreasing thoracic volume and increasing pressure to push air out.

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Amirun Zolkifli
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22 views

1 Respiration

The document discusses the human respiratory system and breathing mechanism. It explains that breathing involves two processes - inhalation and exhalation. During inhalation, the rib cage expands and the diaphragm contracts, which increases the volume of the thoracic cavity. This causes a decrease in air pressure, allowing air to flow into the lungs. During exhalation, the reverse occurs as the rib cage and diaphragm relax, decreasing thoracic volume and increasing pressure to push air out.

Uploaded by

Amirun Zolkifli
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1: RESPIRATION

1.1 HUMAN BREATHING MECHANISM

What is breathing?

Human Respiratory System

Breathing mechanism Involves two processes: a) Inhalation b) Exhalation

Inhalation What happen to these structures? a) Rib cage: b) Intercostal muscles: c) Diaphragm:

Thoracic cavity becomes ____________________

Volume of thoracic cavity __________________________, Causing __________________ ______________________.

Thus, air can enter the lungs. Why?

Exhalation What happen to these structures? a) Rib cage: b) Intercostal muscles: c) Diaphragm:

Thoracic cavity becomes ____________________

Volume of thoracic cavity __________________________, Causing __________________ to ____________________.

Thus, air will be forced out of the lungs. Why?

Inhalation Rib cage

Exhalation

Intercostal muscles

Diaphragm

Volume of thoracic cavity Air pressure inside thoracic cavity Movement of air

Can you show the movement of rib cage and diaphragm in diagram below (using

)?

Model of Human Respiratory System

Glass tube =

Y tube =

Balloon =

Bell jar =

Rubber sheet =

Structure of the lungs trachea

1.2 Transport of Oxygen in Human Body


diffusion diffusion

alveolus

Blood capillaries

alveolus

What is diffusion?

Higher concentration

Lower concentration

Lower concentration

Higher concentration

At alveolus, concentration of oxygen is _______________ compared to in blood capillaries. Thus, Oxygen will diffuse from _________________ to ______________________.

At organ, concentration of oxygen inside ____________________ compared to inside the organ. Thus, oxygen will diffuse from _________________ to ______________________.

O2

O2

CO2

CO2

Alveolus Organ

Blood capillary

O2

O2

CO2

CO2

1.3 The Importance of a Healthy Respiratory System

Harmful substances to the respiratory system

Cigarette Smoke

Carbon Monoxide Source:

Effect:

Sulphur Dioxide Source:

Effect:

Haze Source:

Effect:

Toxins Source:

Effect:

Diseases of Respiratory System

Asthma=

Caused by:

Symptoms:

Bronchitis=

Caused by:

Symptoms:

Emphysema=

Caused by:

Symptoms:

Lung cancer=

Caused by:

Symptoms:

State several ways to improve the air quality around us.

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