For any new piece of work a BA (business analyst) needs to know who are the key stakeholders (i.e.

e. those who can kill the project) what are the key stakeholders specific and measurable measures of success (i.e. their objectives) and what VALUE for each objective MUST be achieved in order for the project to be considered a success (e.g. increase sales per order value by 5%) what are the key stakeholders unmeasured measures of success (i.e. their principles that they would like to see happen but aren't going to measure and so the project cannot be assessed by them - e.g. an intuitive solution) what are the key stakeholders high level requirements (i.e. what capabilities do they expect the solution to deliver - e.g. the ability to offer add-on sales during the order taking process) what is in scope of the work in terms of processes, organization units, locations, data, applications, technology what is the scope of the work in terms of time, money, project resources (people and materials) who will the stakeholders nominate for determining further high level requirements and detailed requirements (e.g. subject or domain experts, middle management of operational teams, etc)

What is a swimlane diagram? A swimlane diagram (also sometime called a cross-functional diagram) documents the steps or activities of a process flow or workflow. More specifically, a swimlane diagram groups these activities into swimlanes which are horizontal or vertical columns that contain all of the activities which fit into the category represented by that swimlane. Swimlanes can represent many categories of information such as actors which perform the activities (i.e., role or department), the stage of the process in which the activity takes place, or whatever else the creator of the document feels should be emphasized and communicated by the swimlane diagram. The term swimlane was adopted due to the visual similarity between the horizontal rows of the diagram to that of the swimlanes found within a swiming pool.

A process flow or workflow diagram does not have to use swimlanes. However, since swimlanes communicate additional information about who performs the activity or when it takes place, its typically a preferred best practice to include them. Similarly, a swimlane diagram can use only one set of swimlanes (either vertical swimlanes or horizontal swimlanes). In BPMN standards, a process flow is typically shown flowing from left to right. If only one set of swimlanes is used, horizontal swimlanes are most commonly used to group activities. In the UML standard, the activity diagram flows from top to bottom and veritcal swimlanes are most commonly used. One of the more common choices used by creators of swimlane diagrams is to define the roles which perform each activity within horizontal swimlanes and define the process stages in which the activity occurs within vertical swimlanes. What is a case point or function point? Use Case Points are similar to Function Points in many ways as they are used to size and estimate the cost of work on systems. Use Case Points are a normalized unit of measure used to: Quantify the amount of business functionality a system provides business users

Estimate the cost to develop a system or set of features based on the number of use case points it supports Determine how costly a system is to maintain based on the number of use case points it supports

The number of Use Case Points is derived from factors such as: The number of system use cases and the complexity of the use cases The number of system actors Non-functional requirements that are not captured as use cases but that have an overall impact on system complexity The project environment including the architectural framework, programming language, team structure and efficiency, etc

Questions to ask in an interview. Can you tell me which project phases BAs are involved with?. If they answer that BAs are only ever involved in requirements, then this suggests that they are looking for a specialist Requirements Analyst. This might not suit a BA who is looking to experience the breadth of the BA role, so its best to know this up front. 2. How is systems analysis handled, do you have dedicated systems analysts?. Some employers advertise for a BA when they are really looking for a combined BA/Systems Analyst. This suits some people but not others, and asking this question will help to uncover this. 3. Do BAs in your organisation get involved in business change/process improvement projects? Or just IT change projects. This question helps to uncover the breadth of the BA remit. Some organisations use BAs only on IT projects, whereas others will utilise their skills on all projects. 4. Is the BA team part of IT, part of the Business, or part of a separate Change function? 5. Is there a central BA team (a centre of excellence) or do all functions have their own BA team?. Having a central team allows pooling of knowledge, and this can be incredibly beneficial. Whilst there are no right or wrong answers to these questions, my personal view is that a BA will get exposure to more varied projects if the breadth of the role is wider. I would be looking for an organisation that utilises its BA capability throughout the project lifecycle, for IT and Business projects. Id also be looking for an organisation that has a central BA function, or a matrix BA function with strong links across the departments to allow sharing of knowledge. However, whether this is right for you will depend on your current career aspirations!

A Business Analyst is responsible for a host of processes and activities which are elaborated as follows: a) At the Project Initiation process, its the responsibility of the Business Analyst to cover the high level scope and objectives of the project and establish communication channels b)Understanding the business processes of a section or whole of the organization in a very clear cut manner so as to implement that knowledge in any required manner. c) Clear Understanding and communication of Requirements is a very important aspect of a Business Analyst as it ensures that there is minimum gap between the expectations of the end users and the final deliverable from the technical team. d) Analysis and Documentation should be very precise and clearly understandable so that starting from the end users or stakeholders to the developers can understand the underlying stated expectations in the requirement documents. d) Solution assessment and validation is one of the main roles of a business analyst as it should be ensured that there are no gaps in the requirement process to the development stages. e) Regular interactions by the business analyst with the developers and the module leads is essential as the knowledge transfer of the user expectations should be made clearly f) The business analyst has a major role to play in the testing phase where he can actually take part in the systems testing phase and also provide support during the acceptance testing phase. g) After the implementation of the software system, the business analyst also may need to handle the change management process if there are any new requirements or changes proposed. The business analyst profile actually encompasses different roles like that of a process analyst, system analyst, project manager, application support, data analyst and tester. Gaining all round knowledge in all these different role types will definitely give the Business Analyst an edge and will enable him to overview the project from all angles.

Implementation of such responsibilities will help the Business Analyst become the interface between the users and the technical team. The organization should also be responsible for guiding the Business Analyst through his correct responsibilities for the better advancement of the individual as well as the company as a whole. What is SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle)? SDLC or Software Development Life Cycle is the life cycle literally of the development of a system or software. This life cycle details all the processes that a system undergoes while it is being designed. That is the basic layman understanding of what SDLC stands for. The steps of the System Development Life Cycle are detailed as below. They show the detailed working of how a system is developed for a particular project. The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) starts when a client expresses the need to start a new project. Once the project is in hand, the steps of the SDLC work as: Project Planning: Planning is the core of every process and only effective planning can make a Business Analyst realize if the intended system can really be developed or not. A feasibility study is conducted in this stage to determine if the actual system intended is indeed possible to work upon or not. System Analysis and Requirements Definition: Here, the requirements of the client in the system to be developed are properly analyzed and then a final requirement definition is written by the Business Analyst in consultation with the client, who will be the end- user of the project. This requirements definition is used by the software team of programmers and developers to start the project. System Design: This is the process of SDLC where the system is actually designed as per the requirements. The process of database design, structure design, nuances of the client/server technology, defining tiers of package architecture are all defined properly in this phase. System Development: This is the phase where the actual project is made. The systems software is coded in this phase. Code generation makes the system machine-readable. The code is generated by the technical team of software developers and programmers. The code is generated with the help of languages like C, C++, Java, VB, SQL and tools like debuggers and compilers. System Implementation Here, the system developed is incorporated in the design of the project. The developers assemble their creations in the previous phases of the SDLC. System Integration and Testing The system generated is now checked for errors and bugs so to as to ascertain how workable the system developed really is. The System Testing phase shows whether the timelines of the project can be adhered to or how much work is still pending, depending on the number of errors and bugs found.

System Acceptance and Installation Testing in live conditions is an acid test for the systems success. Testing the project in a replica of live environment will enable the software developing team to ascertain whether the software developed will actually work in live conditions and as per how it was envisioned to work. System Maintenance - Once system is implemented in live conditions, it has to be maintained properly. The software developed may face some changes due to some unexpected inputs or changes due to new personnel in the organization. Hence any problems arising need to be fixed to maintain the system well. What is the importance of a flow chart??? Flow chart is graphical representation of the process which makes the system simple to understand for all the persons who belongs to the development of the project. What is a use case model? Explain in brief ? Use case diagram: Use case diagrams describe the business environment. It is a series of events / flow of actions related to a process that are performed by an actor. What is called an UML modeling? UML means unified modeling language. It is the standard language for constructing, visualizing and documenting the components of a system. What is the importance of an Activity diagram? The main use of an activity diagram is to show the work flow of the business and to show the activities happening in the business system and actions completed. In a companies there may be different sections like medical, accounting, HR etc..and each department has different privileges to the system. I.e medical dept can access only medical related screens and HR dept to only HR screens etc..So this activity diagrams shows the activities of different departments with their relation. This will be useful to the developers while designing and coding. How many types of diagrams and what you know about them ? Use case diagram & Collaboration diagram. What is meant by alternate flow in use case? It is a flow that will come into picture when there is a failure in the system and expected results did not come. What do you mean by exception flow in a use case? It is basically any unexpected situations or unusual results in an application.

These exceptions are handles in different ways. What do you mean by extends and includes in a use case? Extend means when there is a specific action must take place. And include means the action may or may not take place. What are different documents that relate to a use cases ? There are 2 docs. FRD (functional requirement document) SDD (system design document) / TRS (Technical requirements specifications)

What is a Business Analyst Roles and responsibilities? Ans:

What is the difference between Business Analyst & System Analyst? Ans:

Can you tell me difference between Business Analyst and Business Analysis? Ans:

What are the common tools that are used by a business Analyst? Ans: Rational tools, MS Visio, MS word, MS Excel, Power point, Quality center/test director MS Project, And there may be some tools which are project and client specific which you do not have to worry. etc..

What are the documents that a Business Analyst needs to deliver? Ans: Well there are some important documents such as "functional specification documents, technical specification documents, Requirements traceability, BRD (business requirements document), Use case diagrams, Business flow, etc..

Can you tell me what a use case diagram is?

Ans: First of all a use case diagram is a part of UML and it is a behavioral digram which is created from a use case analysis. The main reason or use of this use case diagram is it defines the functions of the module or system and the role of each actor associated to that function. For Eg: "Order Management" is a main function, and the person who receives the order in the office is an actor.

How do you normally gather Requirements from end user? Ans:

When do a Business Analyst needs to contact developers? Ans:

What is BA role in project implementation/deployment? Ans: Business Analyst interview questions set 1

Business Analyst jobs are in huge demand nowadays with each and every industry turning to such professionals as to whether they can analyze the companys business processes and guide the organization towards it business and strategic objectives. So, with such a market open for business analysts and jobs mushrooming all over the place, you as a business analyst should be well prepared for landing the best job out there. To help you do so, we have here a collation of interview questions which should be like a handbook interview guide to the business analysts out there. There are several categories of the interview questions depending on the type of questions

General Management Skills 1. What do you think are your strengths as a Business Analyst?

I think that I have following strengths in my past profile as a business analyst: The right mix of functional and technical knowledge Ability to communicate effectively between the development (whether internal or third party vendors) team and the end users. 2. Strong levels of persistency and quick learning capability Adaptability to the work environment as desired. What do you think are your weaknesses as a Business Analyst? I believe in turning my weaknesses into strengths, so I strive towards having a calm and cool attitude. Also, I would like to at par with the latest technology in the market but its not always possible. 3. What can you do for us that other prospective candidates cannot? I am confident on being the best fit for this role as my principles are I believe to be in line with the company vision and mission. I will bring to the organization my technical know-how as well as my functional expertise, striving to achieve success for the company

BUSINESS ANALYST INTERVIEW QUESTIONS SET 2

What are your goals? I want to go for the professional Business Analysis certifications such as ISEB and in the near future will be striving for the PRINCE 2 certification also, which will enable me to grow in the Business Analyst career path 2. Why do you want to work here? This is quite a well known company and its principles are in line with my principles. I believe that the organization will give me the best available platform available with the right amount of support and motivation 3. What is the motivating factor which you expect from your job? Believing that the work done by me is contributing in the organizational growth and success is my utmost motivation. Its a feeling of knowing that the work done by me has contributed towards the companys good results, and being a part of that achievement, howsoever small my part might have been gives me great pleasure. I know for sure that if the company is performing well, then it will definitely down the line look after it main resources its employees and I would be a proud party to that! 4. What Part of Your Job Do you like The Most? The ability to analyze and research the various aspects and arriving at the solution or way forward so as to benefit the organization or at least at the project level gives me great satisfaction. 5. What Part Of Your Job Do You Dislike The Most?

There is currently no part of my job that I dislike, and I am glad that I have chosen this career path.

BUSINESS ANALYST INTERVIEW QUESTIONS SET 3

What Made You Apply For This Job And Why Do You Want It? I have the right mix of educational background; technical and functional skills. The job role is as per my expectations and can be described as a best fit. I can add value to this role and contribute towards the success of the organization.

Business Analyst Related Questions 1. Are you aware of the various software methodologies? Name a few There are various SDLC methodologies which are available and used by the majority of the organizations for their software development projects. Some of these software development methodologies are: a) Waterfall method this is one of the most widely used systems development process b) Agile methodologies like RUP (Rational Unified process), RAD (Rapid Application development), JAD (Joint Application development) . c) Prototyping Model involves the presentation of a simplified prototype of the system based on the requirements d) Spiral model hybrid of the waterfall and the prototyping method 2. What are the various testing stages in a software project life cycle? The major testing stages in a software development life cycle are: a) b) Unit Testing this is usually done by the developers who have coded the unit Integration testing this is done by the QA team (quality assurance) and /or the business analysts to test that the integration of the units is working fine

c)

System testing is done by the QA team or the Business Analysts to see whether the system is working as a whole or not

d)

Regression testing is done to test whether the current parts and the new development are synchronized and there is no impact on any other system. This testing is done by the analysts.

e)

User acceptance testing is covered by the end users in order to test that the requirements given for the system are in line with the developed application

f)

Stress and/or Load Testing is done by the technical team to test whether the system can sustain heavy load and usage etc.

3.

What are some of the challenges you have faced as a Business Analyst

As a business Analyst, one has to be an interface between the users and the technical team and provide regular support. Some of the major challenges which a business analyst has to face in his profile are: There should be clarity regarding the requirements as they lay the foundation of the project. In case of any gaps, there can be huge repercussions. There are several software methodologies, technologies, documentation standards in the market and they keep on evolving. The business analyst has to be on top of such methodologies and trends to be successful in the profile. The business analyst Is regarded as the knowledge house regarding domain knowledge and has to keep on updating himself with the industry and company know-how to keep himself at par. Business Analyst interview questions set 4

What are the documentations which you have completed in your experience? Explain in detail.

A business analyst is expected to document the following: Feasibility Study Scope of the project Business Requirement Documentation Functional specifications o o o 2. Main content UML Diagrams Prototypes(in HTML/Excel etc)

Non Functional specifications Test plan, scenarios and cases

What is UML? What are the tools which are generally used by business analysts for UML diagrams? UML is Unified Modeling Language and is a worldwide standard for diagram-based object-oriented modeling. Class diagrams, Use case diagrams and Activity diagrams are usually used by business analysts during their functional documentation and requirements analysis process. Usually, business analysts use any of the following tools for UML diagrams: MS Visio Rational Rose Sparx Systems Enterprise Architect

3.

What are non functional requirements? Non Functional requirements include the following:

Performance Characteristics of the system speed, response time, capacity constraints

Error and exception handling systems logs, error logging External Interfaces & Integration data integration, data feed schedules. Security of the system user profiles, administrator, privileges Disaster Recovery & Business Continuity Plan system back ups User and Training requirements for users and technical team

Questions which can be asked to the interviewer by the candidate! 1. What are the measures used to judge how successful I am in the role? 2. What can I expect from you in terms of development and support? 3. Where will the job fit into the team structure? 4. What is the main thing the organization expects from its employees? 5. Are there any plans for expansion? Business analyst interview questions A

Version control and configuration management are terms used widely in the business industry, write short notes about the terms. By definition, version control is essentially a subset of configuration management. It is usually concerned with the handling changes arising in previous documents as opposed to configuration management which essentially handles the individual components.

Good documentation management systems are highly recommended in system development; briefly describe the factors that contribute to a good documentation management system. For a documentation system to be considered good, the following factors should be prevalent in it: It should be made in such a way that it can accommodate future changes, including version changes, bearing system security features such as providing access only to the allowed users, i.e. have good authentication features. In general, one should take in data as well as information security measures in place, putting in mind that the documentation should also be able to bend to the changing needs of its users as well as the market conditions.

State the different software methodologies. The term software methodology, software development methodology and software process mean almost the same thing in computer software or system development, i.e. the activities carried out by computer system engineers or computer software engineers in an attempt to procure particular computer software that servers a certain function or purpose. This includes the framework adopted, structure, plan as well as the control of the resources engaged in the software or system development process.

There are so many software methodologies and the choice as to which one to adopt is usually dependant on so many other factors such as the purpose of the given software, the prevailing conditions regarding the software development environment and the will of the company or the client procuring or intending to use the final software as some clients even look into the software or system engineers methodology to as one of the factors determining whether to contract him or not.

Regarding the purpose of the software, lets look at the following, example is a situation of a safety critical system such as an aircraft navigation system and a business system, one would find that in a business system, one can have its prototype done and users start using it as they identify its weaknesses and tell the engineers to rectify whereas in an aircraft navigation system, no weakness would be allowed at all for it can cause huge loss of property and life thus all the possible identifiable weaknesses are eliminated first before that system comes into operation. Much stories and arguments apart, the following are the available software methodologies:

i)

SLDC- Software Development Life Cycle, also understood as System Development Life Cycle which encompasses activities such as Analysis, Design, Implementation, Testing, Inauguration and Maintenance in that order and then back to Analysis, note that it is a cycle hence once we get to the last stage, i.e. the maintenance we still go back to the analysis stage and move along to the maintenance once more iteratively

ii)

The RUP The Rational Unified Process, which when looked into intuitively is an iterative software development process framework that was created by the Rational Software Corporation in the US which is a division of the IBM (International Business Machine). However, this process is usually not considered as a single prescriptive framework yet as an adaptable process which can be tailored by the development team or organization selectively in order to end up with their respective results depending on the needs prevailing either on the clients side, the industry standards or even the development constraints which involve time, scope as well as the budget, Intuitively, this process has characteristics overlapping with other development processes and methodology as will be seen when considering the other methodologies below.

iii)

The iterative process

iv)

The waterfall model

v)

The agile software development methodology

vi)

The XP (Extreme programming)

vii)

The ISO 9000 methodology provided by the International Standards Organization

viii)

The ISO 15504 model also provided by the International Standards organization

ix)

The Capability Maturing Model Integration (CMMI) which replaced the former Capability Maturing Model (CMM)

x)

The Six Sigma methodology

xi)

The Test Driven Development (TDD)

Describe the abbreviation OOAD as used in Object Oriented Programming. The term OOAD is an abbreviation of the phrase Object Oriented Analysis and Design. Contrary to the traditional programming, also called procedural programming whereby the entire code of a given program is written line by line, from scratch. There is a new more powerful approach to software development or simply programming referred to as the Object Technology where predefined objects pertaining to particular situations are predesigned by experienced software engineers and then the programmers just call them into their code in order to implement a given function in their code.

Just the way experienced civil engineers design building blocks for particular situations in a particular house so that the inexperienced mason just lays them appropriately in order to end up with a nice house is the way experienced software engineers make these objects.

This helps even novice programmers to use the objects to build nice computer software or a program. It is the analysis and design of these objects with intention to make good software that is referred to as Object Oriented Analysis and Design, the OOAD. Programming languages that use the Object Technology include C++, JAVA, and the PHP among others.

Describe the meaning of the term data mapping. By definition, the term data mapping is the process by which a system developer creates data element mappings that relates two models of data (databases) in order to assist in data integration. This usually assists in the following manner:

Data mediation or transformation between the source and the destination of data Assisting in data lineage analysis by identifying the data relationships Assists in data masking by discovering sensitive data Assists in data de-identification process Assists in consolidating multiple databases into one thus identification of redundant columns and advising the developers for consideration or even elimination.

Describe the term black box testing. Black box testing is the type of testing whereby the entire unit is tested as a whole without considering the contents or even how the inner components of the unit under test work, the testers only consideration is to enter a known input signal and check whether the output behavior is the one expected out of that unit given his input signal. Give the importance of using a flowchart. It is easier to interpret as it is graphical in nature and thus all persons involved in the project development can understand it with ease. Briefly explain the use case model. This is a model used by software engineers to describe the business environment of a given project. It encompasses of a series of workflow that are pertained to a particular actor. What do you understand by the term UML? The term UML is an abbreviation of the term Unified Modeling Language which is the standard language used in construction of as well as visualization and documentation of

varied system components. It has a collection of graphical notation techniques used in the development of abstract models for certain specific systems. Describe the importance of an activity diagram. This is the diagram used in a business system to show the workflow involved, activities happening as well as the completed actions. In a company comprising of several departments e.g. the medical department, accounting department, and even the human resource department, usually each department has its own peculiar privileges to the system, for instance the medical department can only be allowed to access the screens related to their activities such as medical records while the human resource department will be allowed to view only the screens which are relevant to them too, thus these activity diagrams assist in showing the relationship between particular activities with their relevant and related departments so that during coding, the coders may refer to them to implement the discrepancies accordingly. Designers too can be guided by these activity diagrams. How many types of diagrams do you know and what do you know about them? Am aware of two types of diagrams namely the use case diagram and the collaboration diagram, the use case diagram has been discussed above and as a result I will only talk about the collaboration diagram here, these are diagrams put into being by modeling the objects of a given systems and then representing the prevalent associations between the objects in questions with the use of links. Describe your understanding regarding the so called alternate flow in use case. These are the contingent flows that arise when a system fails to curb an encountered situation and thus the system doesnt result in the expected results. When the system resorts to the alternate flow under this circumstance, it may still end up yielding the expected results. Describe your understanding regarding the exception flow in use case. This is generally unpredicted situation that may lead to undesired result under normal circumstance in a system; several methodologies called exception handlers are available to help control such situation

Describe the meaning of the following words as used in the use case scenario: i) ii) Extends Includes

In the use case scenario, the term extends is used to imply that a certain action needs to have taken place in order for the other to take place too whereas includes implies that it is not important, as in the action may take place or as well may fail to take place but the other will still take place. What are the documents related to the use case? There are two documents related, namely the FRD (Functional Requirement Document) and the SSD (System Design Document) or the TRS (Technical Requirement Specifications). Describe your understanding regarding logical data model. It is the data model, which is not actually physical and describes how data is physically stored in the given database. Describe your understanding regarding high level and low level use cases. The high level use case usually refers to the entire business process whereas when it is divided into smaller units, the outcome or the sub units are what are then referred to as the low level use case Describe your understanding regarding the SDD. This is the abbreviation of the term System Design Document; it acts as the mediator between business users and the system developers so as the system developers may understand the business requirements of the system they are developing in order to know where to put emphasis and end up with a quality and objective based system. Describe your understanding regarding the following terms i) ii) URS FS

The URS is the User Requirement Specification whilst the FS is the Functional Specification; traceability matrix is usually used to keep track of these requirements. TEST DIRECTOR can be used to do the traceability of the given requirements during the testing phase.

How is use case prepared? It is prepared using drawing application software such as the Microsoft Visio and the also the Rational rose.

Describe how you would participate in testing as a BA (Business Analyst). As a Business Analyst, I would participate by reviewing the test cases to ensure that all the stipulated requirements have been met by the system in question.

Describe the main qualities of a good requirement. There are several qualities regarding a good requirement but the most outstanding ones include the:

Clarity the requirement should be clear enough to be understood by its users. Understandable the requirements should be put in a manner easy to understand by users of all levels. Consistent the requirement should be such that it doesnt contradict itself, it is important noting that during system development, all users need to be consulted, including the managers as well as the junior staff, one would find that the managers would like a wider control of the system so as to monitor the junior staff to the date whereas the junior staff are objecting these view, hence a contradiction. When this issue is not considered carefully, usually through consultation or negotiation either the managers or junior staff may resent the system thus by this, once the users resent the system, obviously it will not be exploited to the maximum thus lowering the benefits the organization derives from it thus consistency must always be considered in the system development requirements. Verifiable The requirements of a given system should always be verifiable as in they should be put in a manner that can be checked across in future so as one can clearly identify whether the particular requirement has been met or not, it is usually advised that the requirements are put in a manner that during verification, the answer is either true or false and nothing vague as it is during this stage that legal action can be taken by the either the contractor or client if at all the answer is no and always with the law, matters of doubt are generally not recommended. What is the meaning of the word UML? This usually is the abbreviation of the Unified Modeling Language, a standard language in the system development used to implement the understanding, documentation and construction of varied system components

Describe the diagrams which should be known by the Business Analyst (BA). The Business Analyst (BA) is expected to be conversant with the following diagrams:

i)

Use case Diagram: this is the diagram which gives the details concerning the given business environment, this entails the series of action usually performed by given actors such as analyzing the procurement portfolio, giving out an order to a certain supplier, acknowledging the reception of the goods, processing them as appropriate, doing the relevant marketing, handing the goods to the hands of a customer at a profit, receiving payments, either by cheque or cash, printing a receipt, and entering the transactions into relevant accounts, making payrolls, preparing final accounts including the balance sheets as well as the profits and loss accounts. Activity Diagram: this is the diagram which is usually employed in early analysis stages to describe the involved components. Sequence diagram: This is the type of diagram used to tell the way particular objects interact with other objects in a manner arranged in both time and sequences. This is usually very useful for system developers as well as the system testers as it enhances the level at which a given system can be understood.

ii)

iii)

Explain where you would use the rational rose and the requisite pro. In a situation whereby different modules of a given requirements have been created for varied functions, then collected together and made into a single document, the requisite pro is the one which comes in handy. The other one, the rational rose, is used to create the business model as a visual representation. It is helpful in creating high level and low level use cases, activity diagrams, state diagrams, collaboration diagrams, sequence diagrams etc. Business analyst interview questions 2

What is mean by logical data model? Data model tells clear details about the data and how the data is stored physically in a database. What do u mean by high level & low level use case?

A broad view of a business process is called a high level use case. And if we divide the big view into different small sub use cases, then it is called low level use case. What do you know about SDD ? It is also called system design document. My role as a BA is just a mediator or a middle layer between business users and developers and we make developers to understand the business requirements. What do understand by URS & FS ? User requirement specifications and Functional specifications. To keep track of these requirements, we generally use Traceability matrix. By using Test director we can do traceability of requirements n testing phase. How do you prepare use cases? BY using MS Visio and Rational rose. How do you participate in testing as a BA? I participate mainly in reviewing the test cases to see if all the requirements have been met. What is the main quality of a good requirement? The requirement should be good, clear, understandable, and consistent and should be easily verifiable. What do u understand by UML ? UML is basically Unified Modeling Language. This is the standard language used in the system to understand, document, construct different components in the system. What are different diagrams to be known by a BA? Entity relationship diagram, data flow diagram, use case diagram, class diagram, activity diagram, state chart diagram, sequence diagram, collaboration diagram, component diagrams, deployment diagrams etc.. Use case diagram: basically explains the business environment. Series of all related actions performed by actor. Activity diagram: Used in the early stage of analysis and designing level. It describes each individual component.

Sequence diagram: It tells the objects interactions with each others arranged in time sequence. Very useful for developers and testers to understand the system better. Where did u use rational rose & requisite pro ? When we created different modules of requirements for different functions, and finally collected all together and made a single requirement document, we used requisite pro to do this. And we used rational rose to create the business model as a visual representation. Created High level & low level use cases. Activity diagrams State diagrams Collaboration diagrams Sequence diagrams Business analyst interview questions 3

What do understand by version control & configuration management ? Basically version control is a part of configuration management. Mainly it handles when the previous document changes. Where as configuration management handles the individual component. What is meant by good documentation management system ? Should allow to make any changes if required. Good security features. Should be able to change versions. Authorizations to only required people. (renditioning capability) Hide imp information from others. (redaction capable) What are different software methodologies.?

SDLC, RUP, SEI-CMM, Six sigma, SWOT, Cost benefit analysis, Risk analysis, Gap analysis. What is OOAD ? Object oriented analysis and designing. Used in coding od object oriented languages like c++, Java, and SAP Badis etc. What is UAT ? User acceptance testing. If the UAT fails, BA did not understand the requirements properly. What do u mean by Data mapping ? It is the mapping of data from source system to a destination system. What is black box testing? It is completely a functional testing. i.e the tester need not know how it works technically. He only bothers what input he is giving and what output he is getting. What do u mean by white box testing? It requires slight programming knowledge to examine the outputs. What is bug? Mainly used to see the performance issues and system hangs. How do u measure the quality of a product? We do it by seeing min bugs in the product according to standards maintained by company. What is RAD ? It is called as rapid application development. It is a development process that is used to build applications in smaller periods like 50-70 days i.e with some compromises. What is ETL ? Extraction Transformation and loading. Used mainly in data warehousing.

Types of testing ?

Unit testing Black box testing Ad hoc testing White box testing Exploratory Front end Back end Regression UAT Integration System testing

: by developer : Functional and module level. : Random testing..no particular pocess. : Very detailed..into the code. : ad hoc testing with some purpose/ goal. : for web based applications. : database level : Testing again and again the same application. : User acceptamce testing : testing the interaction of 2 or more than 2 modules at a time. : Testing all the modules together.

Business analyst interview questions 4

Why is winrunner ? Winrunner is used For regression testing. Why is load runner ? Loadrunner is used for Performance testing What is a business process? Its a collection of related structural activities in a system. How to identify risks in any business process? Have to examine all sources of risk from perspective of stakeholders by brainstorming flow charting, system design review, system analysis and a proper judgement. Difference between SDLC & RUP ?

SDLC Initiation stage Feasibility stage General design stage Development Implementation Post installation RUP Inception phase Elaboration Construction Transition : Project plan, BRD, High level use case : UML diagrams, change management, configuration mgmt : System code, QA test cases / test scripts, A test plan., use cases : Product delivery, Project documentation., data base integrity : problem definition, project plan, roles : feasibility report, user requirement, concept, design : Functional specs and design plan : coding : project completion, notice for approval : post installation data & evaluation report.

User interfacing ? its uses ? ur experience? Mostly done while prototyping. Advtgs: Requirement validations. Filling communication gap between developers and business users. Demonstrating a working system. User training Testing the final system Lower development cost Easy maintenance

How to categorize the requirements? Performance Business. System Global business Functional / non functional

How to analyze the requirements? Interview. Document analysis . prototyping, usecases. Role of SA, DBA, & PM.? Discuss the business requirements and get feed back from them. Your Role after implementation ? Integration testing, acceptance and maintenance. Explain BRD & FRD ? BRD tells what is required for the product. And FRD explains BRD in detail. Resume writing tips for business analyst

Resume Writing Tips for a business analyst: Resume This carefully crafted piece of artwork is actually your ticket to land in your dream job. In fact one of the reasons you receive a call for an interview, is because you have marketed your skills enough to get the attention of the employer. A good resume is not a tool for the interviewer, it is in fact a tool for you a means to make it clear to the target company as to how you would be a perfect fit for the organization and what is it in you that gives you an edge over other potential candidates for especially a business analyst role. Start with a precise and impressive objective in your resume. It has been proven that most employers take 1-2 minutes to read your resume. It is that initial screening, where they decide whether to continue further or not. When we read a document, we start at the top and go down and as our interest is lost, we dont read later down in the document. Your objective or summary should capture all important points like years of experience, key functional and technical skills, and key educational components, significant accomplishments that would be beneficial for the position you are applying for and yet should be as crisp as possible. The whole purpose of an impressive objective is to generate interest among the employers to read further and consider you as an ideal candidate as a business analyst for the organization.

Educational components are a key area in your resume. Education does not have to be listed specifically with your degrees. It might be better marketing to have that section as Education and Training or Education and Professional Development. You can also include any professional training or certifications like PRINCE2 or ISEB that you have done. In short it can be a section listing all the training you have undergone that will help you market yourself to the goal. Highlighting accomplishments in your role as a business analyst for any software projects or products, requires you to first have a comprehensive knowledge of what your objectives are. The Accomplishments section should give a brief about the kind of work in your previous organization if you are an experienced business analyst. While if you are a student it should detail the projects done as part of the curriculum. This should be followed by your role in the project, and the responsibilities that you took as the BA for the successful completion of the different phases of the software lifecycle. You can also mention the achieved results and TAT (turnaround time), and how it helped both you and the organization benefit in terms of achieved versus desired results. It is important that you bring out your key traits that will give the employer an outline of your personality. It would be worth mentioning about your personal qualities that fueled your success in the project, for example your self-learning abilities, your capacity to work in a team, motivate other team member, self-management skills etc. Your needs, goals and priorities would decide what to include and what not to include in the resume. Last but not the least, be original. Ensure that all the data and facts given in your resume (as a Business Analyst) are true because every company do have their systems in place to perform background checks!!

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General business analyst interview questions

General Business Analyst Q & A....

What do you consider is your greatest strength as a Business Analyst? I think the biggest strength is the domain and the technical experience that I have had over the years as a business analyst. I have the right communication and leadership skills required to excel in this role. What do you consider is your biggest weakness as a Business Analyst? I would like to think that my weaknesses are like my stepping stones towards success. At present I would like to fine tune my technical abilities to the constantly changing technologies available in the market. What are the methods you use for gathering requirements ? As a business analyst, we not only have to gather the requirements but also provide solutions often with the help of the technical team Requirement gathering with Zachman framework - Use the famous 5W + 1H formula (Who What When Where Why + How). Keep asking about the problem with this formula to find the principle requirements Implicit requirements we should not forget about these as they can make or break the whole project Prototyping and process flows these tools help in illustrating the requirements to the end users and confirm whether the Business analyst has done the requirement analysis correctly

What is the difference between Quality Assurance and Quality Control and how are they related to the Business Analyst profile ? Quality Assurance focuses on the process: is the method chosen able to produce the product or is the deliverable free from errors and/or defects. Quality Control speaks about

the products or deliverables themselves: the final examination of the product or deliverable to ensure they stand to the specifications and theyre free from error of defect. A business analyst has to take care of Quality Assurance as well as control is in place in the final product which is delivered. What are the challenges which you would face as a business analyst? A balance between technology constraints and business needs should be maintained at all times. Technology is used to help fulfilling business need, so its usually close to the need. You also have to keep an open mind as to how a process works effectively and accurately produce the required product. Then, you must make sure that the written specifications are written properly to avoid misinterpretations. How did you handle a requirement/enhancement that was not feasible? I know that even if I think a requirement was not feasible, I have a responsibility to explain why it was not feasible to the business representatives. So first Id clarify the requirement, what was the true requirement there. Then, Id explain the technical limitations in non-technical language to them as to why the requirements couldnt be accommodated at the same time. Most of the times, the reason was not feasible because its not affordable. After I present the business representatives with the estimated cost, they would decide whether or not the requirement was really needed. Whichever the outcome was, the business representatives would feel that theyre in command and theyre involved in the decision making process.