CHng 1

nhng qui nh chung

1.1 Phm vi p dng

Thit k kt cu mng cho D n Nng cao An ton Cc Cu Trn tuyn ng st
Hanoi-Ho Chi Minh City s ph hp vi tiu chun ny, tr nhng trng hp ngoi l
cn phi nghin cu su thm.

CHng 2

kho st

2.1 Tng qut v Kho st

L kho st ch yu i hi nhng iu kin a cht, mi trng v nhng th khc
lp qui hoch ,thit k v thi cng mng.
2.2 Trnh t v Ni dung Kho st
2.2.1

Trnh t Kho st

V nguyn tc, kho st phi tin hnh tun t theo cc hng mc sau:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Kho st s b-th st
Kho st thit k s b
Kho st ch yu
Kho st chi tit

2.2.2

Kho st S b - Th st

Trc khi bt u kho st tin s b, c c tnh hnh gn ng ca hin trng v

vn thu o lin quan n hin trng, bc kho st s b- th st phi c thc
hin.
Kho st s b- th st c tin hnh bng phng php c nhng im cn thit sau.
(1) Kho st bng h s s liu
(2) Th st hin trng
(3) Kho st bng tho lun vi cc bn lin quan
2.2.3 Kho st Thit k S b
Kho st thit k s b c thc hin theo phng php c mc ch tin hnh thit
k s b cho kt cu mng.
(1) m thanh v th nghim xuyn tiu chun ( Tham kho 2.3.1 )
(2) Th nghim t trong phng ( Tham kho 2.3.3)
(3) Th nghim sng n hi
2.2.4

Kho st Ch yu

Cc hng mc cn thit thit k kt cu mng c chn trong cc mc sau, ni m

cc c trng ca kt cu mng c la chn ph hp vi kho st s b-th st v
kho st thit k s b phi c quan tm.
(1) Kho st t nn

(a)

m thanh v th nghim xuyn tiu chun ( Tham kho 2.3.1)

(b)

Ly mu nguyn dng ( Tham kho 2.3.2)

(c)

Th nghim cht lng t trong phng th nghim (2.3.3 Th nghim cht

lng t trong phng th nghim )

(d)

Th nghim hin trng (2.3.4 Th nghim hin trng)

(1) Kho st nc ngm (2.4 Kho st nc ngm)

(2) c im sng ngi v v..v.. (2.5 c im sng ngi v v..v..)
(3) nh gi tc ng mi trng cho thi cng (2.6 nh gi tc ng mi trng
cho thi cng )
2.2.5

Kho st Chi tit

Trong trng hp cn c s liu thit k v thi cng vi cc bc kho st trn, thit

k chi tit c cp nh sau:
(1) Kho st lin quan n iu kin c bit ( Tham kho 2.7)
(2) Th nghim ti trng ( Tham kho 2.8)
(3) Nhng th cn thit khc
2.3 Kho st t nn
2.3.1

m thanh v Th nghim Xuyn Tiu chun

(1) su c nghin cu trong kho st ch yu phi c xc nh c xt n cc

hng mc nh cu hnh a tng ca t, loi mng, h thng chu ti, b rng
mng v chiu su chn mng.
(2) ng knh l khoan phi c xc nh c xt n cch ly mu nguyn dngv
cc th nghim im xut pht ca cc l khoan.
(3) Phn tch c hc (hm lng ht, th nghim tuyn chn ht) s dng cc mu
nhn c trong cc th nghim xuyn tiu chun, phi c thc hin ni thy cn
thit.
(4) Khi s dng m thanh khc vi trong th nghim xuyn tiu chun, phi chn mt
phng php ph hp vi loi t v cng t nn v, ngoi ra, cc s liu t
hn hp khc phi nhn c s dng trong thit k.
2.3.2.

Ly Mu t Nguyn dng

Khi ly mu t nguyn dng, cc phng php sau y phi c dng cho ph hp

vi mc ch v iu kin t.
(1) Ly mu dng khi

(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

Ly mu bng ng thnh mng c dng pt tng c nh

Mu kiu ca Dennison
Mu c dng Foil
Mu lnh ln

[Gii thch]
Ly mu c dng nguyn mu l vic cc k kh trong trng hp t c ct v ni
chung khng cn thit, v nhng gi tr t c tp cht cn c trong thit k s nhn
c bng nhng phng php khc.
nhn c mu nguyn dng trong t dnh l tng i d v khi tht cn thit mi
ly mu th nghim trong phng cho cng nn mt trc. Trong cc phng php
ly mu t dnh l mc ch chnh, chng c s dng thng xuyn nht nh ch ra
trong Bng 10.1 c cc c im ca cc phng php cho cc loi t khc nhau.
Hn na, s cn ly mu ct nguyn dng trong nhng trng hp c bit chng hn
nh khi cn thc hin th nghim ba trc ng tin hnh nghin cu chi tit lin quan
n chy ca t ct. Trong trng hp ny, s cn s dng mt ng ly mu ct
ph hp.
V tr ly mu theo su ti mt hoc nhiu ch trong mi va v trong trng hp va
dy s phi ly cch qung t 3 ~ 5 m. Tt nht l ly mu trong cng mt l khoan
nhiu ti mc c th khng cn thay i v tr mt bng.
V d Bng 2.3.2
Loi mu

t thch hp v cc c im ca cc mu khc nhau

ng knh l cn
thit

ng ly mu c 86 mm hoc ln
vch mng loi hn
pt tng c nh

t ph hp
chung
t dnh yu c
gi tr N trong
khong 0 ~ 4

ng ly mu
kiu Dennison

116 mm hoc ln
hn trong trng
hp cc ng c
thnh mng

ng ly mu
dng Foil

Khng cn thit
khi khoan thng
t dnh yu c
thng. Nu dng gi tr N trong
ng ny phi c
khong 0 ~ 4
ng knh l 131
mm hoc ln hn.

Ly mu dng
H o

Khng gian cho

mi ngi lm
vic trong trng

Trng thi t
Nguyn dng

t dnh cng c Nguyn dng

gi tr N trong
khong 4 ~ 20

Cc loi t

Nguyn dng

Nguyn dng

c im
ng ny c dng rng ri
khi ly mu ngun dng i
vi t do st yu.
ng lt trong hot ng nh
ng mu dn hng m v
ng ngoi o t bng
cch xoay. C th s dng
ng ny trn t st dnh
cng.
Thch hp vi trng hp
khng nh n ranh gii
ca ct v cc mu t c th
ly c k tip nhng
qung thi gian lu di. Vic
ly mu trn mt ct ngang
rng l c kh nng.
c dng khi ly mu nguyn
dng c tng ln t trn mt,
nhng ch nng, nhng h
vung gc v thng ng. Cn
bt kn cn thn trnh lm

thay i hm lng nc.

hp h o thng
v vung gc.

2.3.3 Th nghim t trong Phng

(1) Trong va t gi thit l t ct, th nghim sau phi c thc hin trn mu t
ly.
(a) Th nghim thnh phn ht (JIS A 1204)
(b) Th nghim t trng ca cc phn t t (JIS A 1202)
(c) Th nghim hm lng t (JIS A 1203)
(2)

Trong va t gi thit l t dnh, th nghim sau phi c thc hin trn mu t

ly.
(a) Th nghim khi lng ring trong trng thi m t (JGS T 191)
(b) Th nghim nn mt trc (JIS A 1216)
(c) Th nghim hm lng nc (JIS A 1203)
(d) Th nghim cht ca cc ht t (JIS A 1202)
(e) Th nghim gii hn chy v gii hn do (JIS A 1205)
(f) Th nghim thnh phn ht (JIS A 1204)
Cc mu nguyn dng c s dng cho (a) v (b).

(3) S cn phi tin hnh th nghim nn c kt (JIS A 1217) trn va t gi thit l

t dnh c kho st trc v c nhng vn v ln c kt.
(4) H s chnh xc v cht lng t s nhn c bng th nghim nn ba trc trn
mu t nguyn dng trong trng hp nghin cu chi tit cn thit do kt cu c
qui m ln hoc c tm quan trng c bit.
2.3.4 Th nghim Hin trng
Th nghim Hin trng sau y phi c thc hin ph hp vi mc ch v iu kin
ca t.
(1) Th nghim lc ngang bn trong l khoan phi c thc hin trn va in hnh
trong phm vi chn mng xc nh.
(2) Nu thy kh nhn c cc hng s chnh xc v cht lng t bng th nghim
xuyn tiu chun v/ hoc th nghim ti trng ngang bn trong l khoan, tt nht
l thc hin th nghim sng n hi.
[Gii thch]
Lin quan n (1)
1)

H s phn lc ngang ca t nn k h l s liu quan trng trong thit k mng cc

v mng ging chm, n c tnh t m un bin dng ca t c s dng
trong thit k E 0 . Mc d m un bin dng ca t nn ch ra trong Mc 6.3 c
th nhn c t cc th nghim xuyn tiu chun trong t ct v cc th nghim
nn mt trc hoc cc th nghim nn ba trc trong t do dnh, nhng cc th
nghim ti trng ngang l khoan dng trong l khoan khi kho st ch yu c th
c thc hin khi nghin cu chi tit hoc trong cc d n thi cng c qui m ln.

2) Th nghim ti trng ngang tiu biu ca l khoan c ch ra trong Bng 2.3.4-1,

nguyn tc chung ca cc phng php th nghim trong Hnh 2.3.4-1 v nguyn
tc chung ca thit b th nghim c ch ra trong Hnh 2.3.4-2 v .3.-3.
3)

Phng php th nghim ti trng phn b khng u nh sau:

a) Th nghim ti trng nhanh, chng hn gn ging kiu qung thi gian, c 2
pht li tng ti trng khng i theo phng php kim sot thi gian ti
trng.
b) o bin dng c thc hin trong qung thi gian sau 15 giy, 30 giy, v 2
pht v 1 pht ngay sau khi t ti.
c) o v tnh ton cho mi hng mc sau y cho mi t t ti.
2
i) p lc t c hiu p (N/mm ) :
c xc nh bng cch iu chnh phn lc sinh ra do gin n cao su,
v p lc nc tnh c xc nh bng o su vi mc nc trong l
khoan, ri c p lc nc trong t bo quang in c thit b o p lc.
ii) Bn knh l khoan r (m) :
Xc nh lng gin n ca t bo quang in t bin dng cui (c
ch ra bng h mc nc ca ng ng) cho mi t t ti v xc nh
bn knh trong (bn knh l khoan) ca mi c coi l bin dng ca
hnh tr.
iii) Lng tng ln ca bin dng H (cm/1,5 pht ):
S dng tng ca bin dng cho mi t l 2 pht t 30giy sau khi
t ti cho mi t t ti.
d) Sau khi b tr li s liu o trn , v ng cong p - r v p - H Nh ch ra
trong Hnh 2.3.4-4 v nhn c p0, r0, py v ry. Hn na, cc ng cong p - r
v p - H gia p0 v py c hai u ch ra hu ht cc c trng tuyn tnh v l
din tch n hi gi ca t.

V d: Bng 2.3.4-1

Th nghim ti trng ngang in hnh trong l khoan

Phn chu cht ti

Phng Phng php

Phng
Tm cht
php cht Phn loi php to p o chuyn v
ti
ti
lc

Hnh dng

Ti trng ng h Kh CO
Cao su n Trc ln
2 Lng nc
phn b
p lc (Trc ln) chy vo trong hi c vch
u
dy,
ng o
LLT
Chuyn
v u

KKT

Kh N2
(Trc ln)

Thu lc

"

"

ng o (lng Tm thp
du chy lil) cng
~ my o
chuyn v

"
Hnh tr
trn tch
c ~
Hnh
vung

ng
knh
(mm)

di

44 ~ 75

50

80

90

(cm)

S t
ng

Tch
ng xi
40 ~ 85 25 ~ 30 lanh
kim
loi
theo
chiu

dc

V d Hnh 2.3.4-1

(a)
4)

Phng php th nghim cht ti ngang trong l khoan

Phng php cht ti u

(b)

Phng php chuyn v u

Phng php bin dng khng u nh sau:

a) Th nghim nhanh chng hn nh gn ging kiu tng ti trng khng i theo
t, c mi 3 pht thc hin theo phng php kim sot thi gian - ti trng.
b) o bin dng c thc hin vi 30 giy, 1pht, v 3pht sau khi t ti trong
mi t p lc. Cng c th lin tc ghi li khi o bng my o chuyn v
(phn th) c lp vo my th.
c) V ng cong p - r nh ch ra trong V d Hnh 2.3.4-5 t kt qu th nghim
v cng o v tnh ton cc hng mc sau t V d trong Hnh 2.3.4-5
3
i) ko (kN/cm ) ca din tch n hi gi:
Nh ch ra trong V d Hnh 2.3.4-5, ng cong p - r l tuyn tnh vi
ti trng sinh ra py v sau n l on cong ko l din tch n hi gi
ii)

iii)

nhn c nh l mt dc ca phn tuyn tnh.

2
Ti trng sinh ra py (kN/cm ) :
Ti trng khi m ng cong p - r thay i t mt ng tuyn tnh
thnh mt ng cong
Lng bin dng y khi un cong :
Tnh ton lng bin dng y khi un cong bng ng thc sau y t
chuyn v ry (cm) nh ch ra trong V d Hnh 2.3.4-5

V d 2.3.4-1)

y; d

: ng knh l khoan (cm)

( , ) : Hng s c xc nh bng t s Pot xng v ng
cong cht ti (Xem v d Hnh 2.3.4-1(b). ng vi
( , ) = 1.00 Khi = 90, = 0,5.

V d Hnh 2.3.4-2 Thit b cht ti

trong l khoan kiu
phn b u

V d Hnh 2.3.4-3 Thit b cht ti

trong l khoan kiu
chuyn v u (KKT)

V d Hnh 2.3.4-4 ng cong p - r v

ng cong p - H
5)

V d Hnh 2.3.4-5 ng cong p - r

Tnh ton h s bin dng t Eo phi nh sau.

a) Cng thc ti trng Eqal
Eo = (1+ )rmko
(V d 2.3.4-2)
3

y; E 0

: M un bin dng (kgf/cm ) ca t

: T s Pot xng ( Thng thng dng l 0,3)
2
: H s phn lc t nn (kgf/cm ) theo th nghim ti trng
ngang trong l khoan.

k0

ko =

Py Po
r y ro
2

p0

: p lc tnh (kN/m ) (p lc khi t bo quang in t ti

vch l khoan v cn bng vi p lc tnh ca t)
2
: p lc un (kN/m ) (p lc ti im m t b un v
dc ca ng cong p - H thay i)
: Bn knh l khoan (m) ti p0
: Bn knh l khoan (m) ti py

py
r0
ry
rm =

ro + r y
2

b) Cng thc chuyn v u

Eo =

y; E 0
k0

d
( , ) k o 100
2

(V d 2.3.4-3)
2

: M un bin dng (kN/m ) ca t

3
: H s phn lc t nn (kN/cm ) c din tch n hi gi ch
ra trong V d 2.3.4-5

ko =

p
r

: ng knh l khoan (m)

( , ) : Hng s c xc nh bng t s Pot xng v ng cong
cht ti (tham kho 4 c)
Cng vy, phm vi ng sut m E 0 c tnh bng ng thc trong V d 12.1
v km vi E 0 l c ghi ch b sung.
6)

Th nghim ti trng ngang l khoan phi c thc hin trn khong cch t 3-5m
trn mi va i din trong phm vi 2/3 chiu su chn mng k t mt t hin ti
(hoc y sng).

2.4 Kim tra Sng v Nhng th khc

Cc nhn t nh hng n thit k v thi cng nh l mc nc, mc thu triu,
vn tc chy, thot nc, dc lng sng, xi mn, trm tch, xi b, chiu cao
sng v v v..v phi c kho st.

2.5 Kho st Mi trng Thi cng

Kho st phi c thc hin trn iu kin thi cng vi cc hng mc sau:
(1) Tn ti nhng vt gn k hoc nhng vt chn vi, c im v kh nng d b
chng.
(2) Din tch khng gian lm vic
(3) ng vo v c im ca n
(4) Sng hoc knh c kh nng thng thuyn v lu lng v cht lng nc.
(5) Tin n v rung ng cho php

2.6 Kho st Lin quan n Cc iu kin c bit

Kho st phi c thc hin theo cc vn nh hng n thit k v thi cng
trong nhng khu vc c nhng iu kin c bit sau:
(1) Dch chuyn t
(2) Ln chm xung do o m
(3) t trt
(4) Phng ln do ng bng
(5) t c bit (than bn, mn, tn tro ni la)
(6) c bit v tng (khong cht, propylit, t st sun fua i xit)
(7) Kh c
(8) Sui nc nng

10

(9) H s bo mn ca vt liu mng

2.7 Th nghim Cht ti

(1) Th nghim cht ti ln tm sbn phi tun theo nhng iu sau.
(a) Phng php th nghim phi tun theo cc tiu chun ca Hip hi K thut
t Phng php Th nghim Cht ti bng Tm bn ca t (JSF: T2581).
(b) Tnh ton m un bin dng ca t phi tun theo 37.
(c) Khi nhn c kh nng chu ti cui cng ca mng trc tip t kt qu th
nghim, s cn phi iu chnh tng ng vi hnh dng v kch thc ca
mng, su chn mng v cc iu kin ti trng (tham kho 64).
(2) Th nghim cht ti thng ng ca cc phi tun theo cc mc sau:
(a) Phng php th nghim phi tun theo cc tiu chun ca Hip hi K thut
t Cc tiu chun th nghim Cht ti Thng ng ca Cc (1971).
(b) Khi nhn c lc thng ng tham kho v cc hng s n hi thng ng
ca cc s dng trong thit k t kt qu th nghim, cn phi c cc iu
chnh tng ng vi hnh dng v kch thc ca cc, su chn mng v
cc iu kin ti trng (tham kho 10.3.17).
(3) Th nghim cht ti ngang ca cc phi tun theo cc mc sau:
(a) Phng php th nghim phi tun theo cc tiu chun ca Hip hi K thut
t Phng phpTh nghim Cht ti Ngang ca Cc (JGS 1831).
(b) Khi nhn c h s phn lc t theo hng ngang ca cc dng c trong
thit k ly t cc kt qu th nghim, cn phi c cc iu chnh tng ng vi
hnh dng v kch thc ca cc v iu kin tai trng (tham kho 10.3.17).
(4) Th nghim kh nng Nh ca cc phi tun theo:
(a) Phng php th nghim phi tun theo cc tiu chun ca Hip hi K thut
t Phng phpTh nghim Cht ti Ngang ca Cc (JGS 1831).
(b) Khi nhn sc khng nh ca cc t cc kt qu th nghim, cn phi xt n
iu kin ti trng, loi cc v t xung quanh (tham kho 10.3.17).

11

CHng 3

K hoch thit k

3.1 iu khon C bn ca K hoch Thit k

(1) K hoch thit k mng phi c nghin cu cng vi ton b k hoch thit
k kt cu sao cho n ph hp vi mc ch s dng kt cu.
(2) Nhng mng ph hp vi nhng iu kin di y v ngoi ra phi c li v
mt kinh t l phi c chn.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

iu kin v t v a hnh
Cc c trng v i tng kt cu
Mi trng thi cng
Thi gian thi cng
ng t

3.2 Cc Nghin cu Lin quan n iu kin a hnh v t

Cc hng mc sau phi c nghin cu lin quan n iu kin t
(1) c im a hnh
(a) c im a hnh v k hoch kt cu
(b) c im a hnh v dch chuyn t
(c) c im a hnh v phng php thi cng
(2) Va chu lc
(a) nh gi va chu lc
(b) su va chu lc
(c) nghing va chu lc
(d) Tnh khng ng dng ca va chu lc
(3) Cc va trung gian
(a) cng ca cc va trung gian v ln c kt
(b) Cc c trng ca cc va trung gian v dy ca chng
(4) Cc va di lp mt
(a) cng ca lp di lp mt
c trng, nghing khng u v nhng th khc ca ccva lp di b mt.
(5) Nc ngm
(a) S tn ti ca nc ngm, mc nc v khi lng
(b) Nc ngm c p
(c) Nc ngm chy lin tc
(6) Dch chuyn t
(a) Tnh trng dch chuyn t
(b) Gi tr dch chuyn t

12

(c) Bin php i ph dch chuyn t

(7) Sng
(a) Xoay vng v nghing lng sng
(b) Chiu su xi
(c) K hoch thit k c xem xt dng sng
(8) iu kin c bit khc
(a) Phng ln do ng bng
(b) Nhng th khc

3.3 Cc Nghin cu Lin quan n Cc c trng ca Cc i tng Kt cu

Cc hng mc sau phi c nghin cu lin quan n cc c trng ca cc i trong
kt cu:
(1) Ti trng
(a) Ti trng thng ng
(b) Ti trng ngang
(c) M men mi cc
(d) M men lt
(e) Loi ti trng v phng php chu lc ca mng
(2) Gi tr gii hn cho chuyn v kt cu
(3) Gi tr gii hn cho chuyn v kt cu
(a) Gi tr gii hn cho mng
(b) Gi tr gii hn cho mng v h mng
(4) Mng cho h kt cu lin quan.
(5) Mng cho mt kt cu n v

3.4 Cc Nghin cu Lin quan n Mi trng Thi cng

Cc hng mc sau lin quan n mi trng thi cng
(1) Cc kt cu hin ti v Cc kt cu ngm
(2) Khng gian lm vic
(3) Giai on lm vic
(4) Cp v thot nc
(5) Vn ti
(6) Ting n v rung
(7) Mc nc ngm

3.5 Cc Nghin cu Lin quan n Giai on Thi cng

Phwong php chng v kh nng chu ti phi c nghin cu c xt n hn ch
cho giai on thi cng

13

CHng 4

cc vn chung v thit k

4.1 iu khon Thit k Mng

Ngoi vic kt cu an ton, mng phi c thit k ngn chn nhng chuyn v
c hi s xy ra.
4.2 Tui th Thit k
Tui th Thit k c xc nh ph hp vi Tiu chun Thit k Kt cu ng st
4.3 Nguyn tc Thit k
(1) Trong thit k mng, trng thi gii hn m i tng v/ hoc cu kin ca n duy
tr c chc nng v an ton cn thit, tui th v bn phi c nghin cu
v nguyn tc.
(2) Trng thi gii hn khi thit k mng phi c tham kho iu 4.3 Trng thi
gii hn phi c nghin cu trong thit k
(3) Nghin cu trng thi gii hn phi c thc hin ph hp vi phng php c
qui nh trong mi mc c h s an ton c qui nh trong iu 4.5 h s an
ton.
(4) Ti trng v /hoc t hp ti trng p dng cho thit k mng phi ph hp vi Mc
5 Ti trng.
(5) Nghin cu chng ng t phi c thc hin ph hp vi Mc 7 Nghin cu
v chng ng t
4.4 Trng Thi Gii hn c xem xt trong Thit k
Trng thi gii hn sau phi c xem xt trong thit k mng.
(1) Trng thi gii hn kh nng lm vic lu di
(2) Trng thi gii hn kh nng lm vic
(3) Trng thi gii hn cui
(4) Trng thi gii hn lm vic trong ng t
(5) Trng thi gii hn cui trong ng t
4.5 H s An ton
Cc h s an ton trong thit k l cc h s ti trng f , h s phn tch kt cu a ,h
s vt liu m , h s cu kin b , h s kt cu i, h s kho st t nn fg, h s phn
lc ca t fr v h s c trng ca t fp,

14

(1) H s ti trng f phi c xc nh c tnh n xu th m ti trng thay i theo

hng khng mong mun do c tnh ca n, mc khng tin cy ca phng
php tnh, mc nh hng n trng thi gii hn ca cc c tnh ti trng v
mc thay i ca mi trng.
(2) H s phn tch kt cu a phi c xc nh c xt n tnh khng n nh v
phn tch kt cu trong tnh ton lc cu kin v gi tr chuyn v.
(3) H s vt liu phi c xc nh c tnh n xu th m ti trng thay i theo
hng khng mong mun do c tnh ca n, mc nh hng n trng thi gii
hn ca cc c tnh ti trng v tui th ca vt liu.
(4) H s cu kin b phi c xc nh c xt n mc khng n nh ca kh
nng chu ti ca cu kin, kch thc cu kin khng chnh xc, v tnh quan trng
ca cu kin.
(5) H s kt cu I phi c xc nh c tnh n tm quan trng ca kt cu, tnh
kinh t v nh hng ca x hi khi kt cu t trng thi gii hn.
(6) H s kho st t fg phi c xc nh c tnh n mc chnh xc, kh nng
tin cy v kho st cht lng t v t nn trong vic xc nh cc c tnh ca t.

(7) H s khng t fr phi c xc nh c tnh n xu th m h s t nn thay i

theo hng khng mong mun do c tnh ca n, mc khng n nh ca
phng php tnh ton cho kh nng chu lc ca t nn v cch ph hu khi ti
trng vt qu sc khng ca n.
(8) H s c trng ca t nn fp phi c xc nh c tnh n thay i kh nng chu
ti ca mng ph thuc vo bin php thi cng v/ c th nghim ti trng hay khng.

Gii thch
Gi tr chun ho ca mi h s an ton c ch ra nh sau:
Gi tr H s An ton Tiu chun

Trng thi
Gii hn

Kh nng S
dng Lu di
Kh nng S
dng

H s
H s
Phn tch
Ti trng
Kt cu

H s lin quan n kt cu
H s
H s
Cu kin Kt cu
H s Vt liu g m

H s lin quan n t nn
H s
Kho
H s
st t
H s
c trng
nn Khng t t nn

B tng
c

Thp
s

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0 1,2 0,8 1,0 0,0 0,85 1,0 1,2

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0 1,2 0,8 1,2 0,151,0 1,0 1,2

1,0

1,3

1,03) 1,1

1,0
1,15
1,34)

1,0

1,0
1,32)

Cui
1,0 1,21)
ng t
Quake
Serviceability
1,0
Earth Quake
Ultimate
1,0

1,0

1,03) 1,1

15

1,0
1,154)

fg

fr

fp

1,0 1,2 0,8 1,2 0,301,0 1,0 1,2

1,0 1,2 0,8 1,2 0,35 1,0 1,0 1,2

1,0 1,2 0,8 1,2

1,0

1,0 1,2

1) Trong trng hp gia str nh hn l bt li, (1,0~0,8) c p dng

2) Trong trng hp cu kin c nghin cu vi h s a chn ngang thit k, gi tr
ny c p dng
3) Trong trng hp kh nng chu ti ca cu kin bng b tng ct thp c nghin
cu, gi tr ny l 1,0
4) Gi tr ny c p dng nghin cu kh nng chu ct c xc nh bng cng
b tng.
5) Gi tr c th bng hoc ln hn 1,0 trong trng hp kho st hoc kim tra c
thc hin chnh xc.
4.6 Phn loi Phng php Thit k mng
Mng phi c thit k ph hp vi hnh dng ca n:
(1) Mng trc tip theo Mc 8
(2) Mng ging chm kh p Mc 9
(3) Mng cc theo mc 10
(4) Mng ging chm c ng thp theo Mc 11
(5) Mng c vch ging chm lin tc theo Mc 12
4.7 Gi tr Gii hn trong Chuyn v Kt cu v Mng
(1) Gi tr Gii hn trong Chuyn v Kt cu phi c Xc nh c xt n cc
Hng mc sau:
(a)

Gi tr chuyn v tng i hoc tuyt i duy tr kh gii hn tip gip

kin trc hoc tnh khng cn thit cho kt cu cng trnh vt sng, ng
st, ng b v v..v.

(b)

Gi tr gii hn v chuyn v khng u ca kt cu v ng st khi chu ti

tu chy qua lm nh hng n an ton, tnh tin nghi ca hnh khch.

(c)

Gi tr gii hn v chuyn v khng u c xc nh bng ng sut v kh

nng chu lc ca kt cu.

(d)

Gi tr gii hn v chuyn v khng u cho chc nng kt cu c bo ton.

(2) Gi tr gii hn v chuyn v ca mng phi c xc nh c tnh n trng thi

gii hn v chuyn v kt cu v cc hng mc sau:
(a)

Gi tr gii hn c xc nh bng trng thi gii hn kh nng chu lc ca

mng chng li trng thi gii hn kh nng lm vic lu di, kh nng lm
vic, trng thi gii hn cui v trng thi gii hn kh nng lm vic trong
ng t.

(b)

Gi tr gii hn v t s bin dng do ti trng thi gii hn cui khi ng t.

Ghi ch: 1) Khng cn nghin cu khe h trong trong hp ng c balt

16

V d Bng 4.7-1 Gi tr gii hn ca chuyn v khng u ti ray

(Trng thi Gii hn s dng lu di, Trng thi Gii hn s dng)

Hng
chuyn v

Thng ng

Ngang

Vn
tc tu
km/h
70
110
160
210
260
70
110
160
210

Khe h
mm

260

Ghi ch: 1)
2)

1,5

Gc un (1/1000)
Chuyn v Song song
Un cong
30m L
30m L
L<30m
L<30m
9
9
9
9
7,5
9
9
9
5
6
6,5
7
4,5
4
5,5
4,5
3,5
3
4
3
6
6
6
6
4
5,5
5
6
3
3
3,5
4
2.5
2
3
2,5
2

1,5

2,5

Khng cn nghin cu khe h trong trong hp ng c balt

L biu th chiu di dm hoc chiu di khi b tng trong trng
hp cu cn c khung cng.

Khe h

Chuyn v song song

Cong

V d bng 4.7-2 Gi tr Gii hn ca Chuyn v Khng u (trong

ng t ) ti cao ray c kt cu chu ti tu

Hng chuyn
v

Vn tc tu
(km/h)

Bt thng
(mm)

Gc un (1/1000)
dch chuyn

Cong vo

song song
L<30m

30 m

L<30 m

L
70
110
Thng ng

20

160

30 m
L

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

18

16

20

18

210

16

12

10

14

11

260

11

8,5

9,5

7,5

17

Ngang

70

12

12

12

12

110

12

11

12

6,5

7,5

9,5

5,5

6,5

4,5

5,5

160

10

210
260

Ghi ch 1) Chuyn v khng u tnh cng phi c xem xt

Lin quan n (1)(b)
Mc d ln ni chung b hn ch m bo khng gian chnh cn thit, nhng vn
cn nghin cu chuyn v ngang lin quan n kh gii hn tip gip kin trc trn cc
m m c xu th chuyn dch ngang.
V li, d chuyn v tng i s l nh, hoc d khng c nhng vn ln pht sinh
do t b ln khi c ng b hoc ng st trn mt t v kt cu vt cng chm
xung, th vn phi nghin cu k nhng sng ct qua, v cao mc nc cao nht d
kin ca sng khng th h xung v chuyn v tuyt i s l vn .
Lin quan n (1)(c)
Trong trng hp m v tr cc dm lin tc, cc mng trong cng khi ca cc cu
trn cao c khung cng, ln khng u gia cc mng v chuyn v ngang khng
u trong ng t l c vn . Trong trng hp ny, cn phi nghin cu ton din
c v kt cu v mng khi thit k.
Lin quan n (1)(d)
C th phi nghin cu chn cc kh khn sinh ra t chuyn v khng u chng hn
nh khong cch gia cc dm v tng chn ca m v hnh trnh co gin ca gi di
ng.
Lin quan n (2)
Bin dng do c th xy ra trong t ngay trc mng nu chuyn v ca mng vt
qu. Mc d loi hin tng ny thng tri qua coi nh l chuyn v d ca m v tr
sau mt trn ng t, n vn phi c quan st trong cc trng hp him hoi trn
tng chn v cc m chu lin tc p lc t ln. Mc d mi quan h v nh lng
gia chuyn v ca mng v bin dng do ca t cn cha r rng, vn phi c bin
php i ph trong mng ging chm bng cch hn ch lng dch chuyn ngang v c
gc nghing trn nh ging chm.

4.8 Nghin cu Chuyn v Kt cu

(1) Chuyn v kt cu phi c tnh ton c xt n bn cht ti trng, loi t v
cng ca kt cu v mng.

18

(2) Chuyn v kt cu c tnh ton theo iu khon trn phi nh hn gi tr qui nh

trong iu 4.7 Gi tr Gii hn trong chuyn v ca Kt cu v Mng

4.9 Mt t trong Thit k

Mt t trong thit k phi l mt t c iu kin bt li nht trong s nhng th
ch ra di y lin quan n thit k mng.
(1) Trng thi lu di v trng thi tm thi
(a) Mt t hin ti hoc mt bng t thit k trong trong hp cc cu vt qua
mt t.
(b) Mt bng lng sng hoc mt bng lng sng thit k c xt n dc v
xi trong trng hp cu vt sng.
(c) Mt bng thp hn ca cc lp t nh qui nh trong 6.3 Cc gi tr t
Pha tp dng trong Thit k Mng (3) Khng cn quan tm n on 2
trn.
(1) Trng thi ng t
nghin cu trng thi gii hn kh nng lm vic v trng thi gii hn cui khi
ng t, phi tun theo mc 7.4.2

4.10 Chiu su Chn mng C hiu

Chiu su Chn mng Df c cc kiu mng khc nhau dng trong tnh ton kh nng
chu lc thng ng phi c xem nh cc loi ch ra trong Hnh 4.10-1.

Ghi ch) Phn lc ngang ca

t nn ti ch xi cc b
khng ng k
Chiu su xi cc bl

(a) Mng bng

(b) Mng ging chm

Hnh 4.10-1 Chiu su chn mng c hiu

4.11 Mng ca cc Kt cu V nh Tnh

c trng kt cu phi c xem xt k khi thit k mng cho cc kt cu v nh tnh.

19

4.12 Cc s C hiu khi Tnh ton Thit k

Con s c hiu tnh ton thit k mng phi bng 3 hoc nh hn v con s c hiu
giai on cui phi l 2 v nguyn tc.

V d Bng 4.11-1 Khi nim s b v Cc s Hiu qu Ti thiu

Hng mc
Ti trng
Gi tr N
H s phn lc t nn
Trng lng ring ca t
Cng Dnh ca t
Gc Ma st Trong
Gi tr Chuyn v
Gi tr c trng ca Cng
B tng
M un n hi ca B tng
Gi tr c trng Cng Thp

kN/m3
kN/m3
kN/m3
()
mm

Th t Con s C hiu
Ti thiu
1
1
0,1
1
1
1
1

N/m2
N/m2
N/m2

0,1
0,110
1

n v
N

20

Chng 5

ti trng

5.1 Tng qut

(1) Khi thit k mng, ti trng ng, ti trng tnh v ti trng va chm phi c xt
n theo t hp ti trng ph hp vi cc trng thi gii hn v cc hng mc nghin
cu.
(2) Cc ti trng thit k oc xt theo Tiu chun Thit k cho cc Cng trnh ng
st. Cc ti trng khc phi c xt ph hp vi yu cu.
(3) nh hng ca ng t c theo 7.2 nh hng ng t.
(4) Ti trng thit k c xc nh bng phng php nhn h s ti trng thit k vi
gi tr c trng ca ti trng.
(5) T hp cc ti trng theo 5.4 T hp cc Ti trng Theo Bng 5.1-1 tcho mi
trng thi gii hn

Bng 5.1-1 kin v Cc T hp cc Ti trng

Trng thi Gii hn
Trng thi Gii hn S dng Lu
di
Trng thi Gii hn S dng
Trng thi Gii hn Cui
Trng thi Gii hn S dng trong
ng t
Trng thi Gii hn Cui trong
ng t

tng Kt hp Ti trng Thit k

Ti trng Tnh
Ti trng Tnh + Ti trng ng
Ti trng Tnh + Ch yu+ Ti trng ng Ph
Ti trng Tnh + c bit + Ti trng ng
Ph
Ti trng Tnh + c bit + Ti trng ng
Ph
Ti trng Tnh + c bit + Ti trng ng
Ph

(6) Trong tnh ton thit k, hng ca ti trng trn trc cu v vung gc vi trc
cu. tuy nhin, hng cn to hnh dng v gc nghing ca kt cu v mng
cng phi c nghin cu.
5.2 Gi tr c trng ca Ti trng
(1) Gi tr c trng c nghin cu cho trng thi gii hn s dng lu di c d
kin l ti trng ln nht sinh ra trong tui th thit k.

21

(2) Gi tr c trng c nghin cu cho trng thi gii hn s dng l ti trng d

kin xy ra theo tn s tng i trong tui th thit k. N c chn theo hng
mc nghin cu.
(3) Gi tr c trng ca ti trng tnh v ti trng ng ch yu v ti trng va chm
c nghin cu cho trng thi gii hn cui, trng thi gii hn s dng, trng
thi gii hn s dng trong ng t v trng thi gii hn cui khi ng t c
d kin l ti trng ln nht xy ra tronng tui th thit k. Tuy nhin, trong trng
hp gi tr nh hn l mt li th ti trng nh nht d kin s c p dng. Gi tr
c trng ca ti trng ng ph c xc nh chnh xc ph hp vi t hp c ti
trng ng ch yu hoc ti trng va chm.
(4) Trong trng hp gi tr c bit hoc gi tr chung ca ti trng c xc nh
tch ring t gi tr c trng th gi tr c trng l gi tr nhn vi h s bin i
theo gi tr c bit hoc gi tr chung .
5.3 H s Ti trng
H s ti trng c th c tham kho chung theo Bng 5.3-1.
Bng 5.3-1 H s Ti trng
Trng thi Gii hn
Trng thi Gii hn S dng Lu di
Trng thi Gii hn S dng
Trng thi Gii hn S dng trong
ng t
Trng thi Gii hn Cui trong ng
t

Ti trng

Tt c Ti trng

H s Ti trng t

10

1,01,2,
'0,8'1,0*

Trng thi Gii hn Cui

Ti trng Tnh
Ti trng ng Ch
1,11,2
yu
Ti trng ng Th
yu
1,0
Ti trng c bit
1,0
*
Ghi ch : Trong trng hp gi tr nh hn l bt li

5.4 T hp Ti trng Thit k

(1) T hp ti trng thit k ph hp vi trng thi gii hn sau y v cc hng mc
nghin cu ca chng.
(a) Trng thi gii hn kh nng lm vic lu di
(b) Trng thi gii hn kh nng lm vic

22

(c) Trng thi gii hn cui

(d) Trng thi gii hn kh nng lm vic trong ng t
(e) Trng thi gii hn cui trong ng t.
(1) T hp ti trng thit k mng phi c xc nh theo gi thuyt sau cho mi
trng thi gii hn.
(a) Trng thi gii hn kh nng lm vic lu di
Mc nc tnh ton p lc nc tnh v lc y ni l cao nc bnh
thng.
(b) Trng thi gii hn kh nng lm vic
Trong trng hp nghin cu chuyn v v bin dng ca ti trng tu, ti trng
ng ch yu l ti trng tu v ti trng ly tm. Trong trng hp ny cao
mc nc nghin cu p lc nc v lc y ni s l mc nc cao hoc
mc nc thp.
(c) Trng thi gii hn cui
Trong trng hp coi ti trng tu l ti trng ng ch yu, ti trng xung
kch v ti trng ly tm l ti trng ng ch yu c dng ng thi.
Trong trng hp coi ti trng ngang ca u my toa xe hoc p lc ngang
ca i bnh xe l ti trng ng ch yu,ti trng tu c th c coi l ti
trng ph.
Trong trng hp ti trng hm hoc ti trng ko l ti trng ng ch
yu, ti trng tu c th coi l ti trng ng th yu. Trong trng hp
ny, lc xung kch hoc lc ly tm khng cn quan tm.
Trong trng hp coi ti trng tu l ti trng ch yu, ti trng gi c th
coi l ti trng ng th yu.
Trong trng hp coi ti trng gi v ti trng p lc nc chy l ti trng
ng ch yu, ti trng tu khng cn quan tm
Trong trng hp coi ti trng gi l ti trng ng ch yu, ti trng p
lc nc chy c th coi l ti trng ng th yu.
Trong trng hp coi ti trng p lc nc chy l ti trng ng ch yu,
ti trng gi c th coi l ti trng ng th yu. Mc nc khi xt p lc
nc v lc y ni mc nc cao hoc mc nc thp.
(a) Trng thi gii hn kh nng lm vic trong ng t, Trng thi gii hn cui
trong ng t.
Trong trng hp tnh n nh hng ca ng t th ti trng gi hoc ti
trng p lc nc chy u khng cn quan tm.
Khi nghin cu trng thi gii hn kh nng lm vic trong ng t, ti
trng tu c th c coi l ti trng ng ch yu. Trong trng hp ny,
lc ly tm v lc xung kch nn c tnh ph hp vi mi hon cnh.
Khi nghin cu trng thi gii hn cui trong ng t, ti trng tu c th
coi l ti trng ng th yu. Trong trng hp ny, ti trng ly tm hoc
lc xung kch u khng cn phi tnh.

23

Chng 6

Vt liu v Gi tr thit k

6.1 Cht lng Vt liu

(1) Cht lng b tng c p dng cho b b, thn mng ging chm, cc b tng
ti ch, mng ging lin tc v mng ging c cc thp phi tun theo Tiu
chun B tng
(2) Cht lng vt liu thp cho mng phi tun theo nhng hng mc sau ca JIS
hoc cao hn:
(a) Thanh ct thp .JIS G 3112
(b) Cc ng thp ................JIS A 5525 Cc ng thp
(c) Cc thp kiu ch H .......JIS A 5526 Cc thp kiu ch H
(a) Cc bn ng thp.. .......JIS A 5530
(b) Thp kt cu chung .... .JIS G 3101
................JIS G 3106
(3) Cht lng cc b tng c sn phi tun theo cc mc sau ca JIS hoc cao hn:
(a) Cc RC
......................JIS A 5310
Cc b tng ct thp ly tm
(c) Cc PHC .................... ...A 5337
Cc b tng ly tm d ng
lc c cng cao loi ko trc.

(d) SC ................................
Cc thp c li b tng
Loi ny phi c sn xut bng cch b tng vo li ca mt ng thp v
m nn bng lc ly tm. Kt cu, hnh dng, kch thc vt liu v cng vic
sn xut mi v u cc phi tun theo nhng mc ca cc PHC tr trng
hp thp PC. Tuy nhin, b tng c d ng lc to ra bng ho cht bng cch
pha trn cht gin n v ng thp ngoi c cht lng ca mt ng thp trn.
(4) Cht lng vt liu khng c qui nh trong qui nh ny th phi tun theo
Tiu chun Thit k cho Kt cu ng st

6.2 Gi tr c trng Thit k ca Vt liu

(1) Cng thit k vt liu fd bng gi tr c trng ca cng vt liu fk chia cho
h s vt liu m.
(2) Gi tr c trng fk l gi tr kim tra ca hu ht cc mu c gi tr khng thp
hn cc gi tr kim tra phn tn.
(3) Gi tr c trng v cng b tng v nhng th khc nh sau:
(a) Gi tr c trng ca b tng b mng bng, b mng cc, thn mng ging
chm (ngoi l b tng thng ca bn y l ging chm h), b tng bn nh

24

ca cc vn thp trn ca ging c cc vn ng trn v b tng bn nh ca

ging c tng lin tc di t ngm c tun theo Tiu chun B tng
(b) Gi tr c trng v cng b tng i vi cc b tng ti ch, cc kiu
ging chm, thn mng ging lin tc v b tng thng bn y cho ging
chm h phi c xc nh theo iu kin thi cng.
(c) Gi tr c trng ca b tng cho cc b tng c sn phi c xc n:
(i)

M un n hi ca b tng c sn phi oc xc nh theo loi cc.

(ii) Gi tr c trng v cng b tng ca cc RC phi c xc nh ph

hp vi gi tr c trng ca cng nn fck(cng tiu chun thit
k) trong Tiu chun B tng)
(iii) Gi tr c trng cng b tng ca cc PHC v cc SC phi c xc
nh bng kim tra thc t.
(1) Gi tr c trng ca cng v nhng th khc ca vt liu thp nh sau:
(a) M un n hi ca Thp phi c a vo t kt qu th nghim cng
ko, v nguyn tc ni c ng cong ng sut- bin dng c v.
(b) Gi tr c trng ca cng chy chu ko v cng chu ko ca vt liu
thp c JIS nh r c th l gi tr ti thiu c JIS qui nh tng ng.
(c) Gi tr c trng ca cng chy chu nn fyk ca vt liu thp c th l
cng gi tr nh gi tr c trng ca cng chy chu ko fyk ca vt liu
thp.
(d) Gi tr c trng ca cng chy chu ct fvyk ni chung c th c tnh
bng ng thc (6.2-1)
f vyk = f yk / 3 (6.2-1)
(5) Gi tr c trng ca vt liu dng cho kt cu mng khng nht thit c qui
nh trong qui nh ny m c theo Tiu chun Thit k Kt cu ng st
6.3 Gi tr c trng Thit k cc Hng s v t
(1) Gi tr c trng thit k ca cc hng s v t l gi tr c nhn vi h s kho
st t fg c xc nh trong 4.5 H s An ton vi gi tr c trng.
(2) Gi tr c trng c xc nh bng phng php sau trn c s gi tr kim tra:
(a) Gc ma st trong v cng dnh
(i) Gi tr c trng ca gc ma st trong v cng dnh nhn c khi
kim tra t v th nghim xuyn tiu chun.

25

(ii) Trong trng hp gi tr c trng ca gc ma st trong ca t ct v

cng dnh ca t dnh nhn c t kt qu th nghim xuyn tiu
chun hoc th nghim nn mt trc, thng thng ng thc sau c p dng:

'
(
/
100
)
+
0
.
7

= 1,85

0 .6

+ 26 (6.3-1)

Tuy nhin, trong trng hp ng t l ln nht:

= 0 ,5 N + 24 .....(6.3-2)

y;
:

Gi tr c trng gc ma st trong ca t ct ()

N : Gi tr N th nghim xuyn tiu chun

v': Cng ti trng c hiu ti im kho st a cht
v' = 1hw + ' ( z hw )

Tuy nhin, gi tr tiu chun l 0,5kN/m2

1: Trng lng ring ca t bn trn mc nc ngm (kN/m3)
hw : Chiu cao mc nc ngm k t mt nc ngm trong kho st a
cht (m)
: Trng lng ring ca t trong nc di mc nc ngm ( kN/m2)
z : Chiu su im kho st a cht k t mt t (m)
c=qu/2....................................(6.6-3)
y;
c : Gi tr c trng ca cng dnh ca t dnh
qu: Cng nn mt trc ( kN/m2)
b) Trng lng ring c xc nh bng th nghim trng lng ring.
c) Gi tr c trng m un bin dng ca t nn nhn c bng cch nhn m
un hiu chnh ph hp vi phng php th nghim, gi tr nhn c ca bt
k phng php no sau y:
Th nghim bn nn
Th nghim ti trng ngang trong l khoan
Th nghim nn ba trc
Th nghim nn mt trc
Th nghim xuyn tiu chun
Kho st cc lpa t bng tc sng PS

26

(1) Cc hng s t trong iu kin t nn c bit phi c iu chnh theo iu

kin ti trng. Tuy nhin, v nguyn tc gi tr tnh ton ca ma st m khng c
iu chnh.
3
V d Bng 6.3-1Trng lng ring (kN/m ) ca t c dng trong
thit k mng
Trng lng n v

Gi tr N

t ct

t dnh

Thng thng

Trong nc

50 hoc hn
30 ~ 50
10 ~ 30
t hn 10

20
19
1,8
17

10
9
8
7

30 hoc hn
20 ~ 30
10 ~ 20
t hn 10

19
17
15 ~ 17
14 ~ 16

9
7
5~7
4~6

Ghi ch) Theo trng thi thc t trong t c bit chng hn nh than
bn, t mn v bi ct.
V d Bng 6.3.2

M un iu chnh lin quan n phng php th

nghim Eo

Phng php tnh E0*1

M un iu
chnh tnh 2

Th nghim bn nn
Th nghim ti trng ngang trong
l khoan
Th nghim nn ba trc
Th nghim nn mt trc
Th nghim xuyn tiu chun
Th nghim sng n hi
Ghi ch 1)
Ghi ch 2)

2
8
8
8
2
-1

Trong trng hp iu kin t c bit, phi iu

chnh theo iu kin ti trng.
Trong trng hp trng thi gii hn kh nng lm vic
lu di s l 1/2 gi tr trong bng.

6.4 Gi tr Thit k Nn
(1) Cc gi tr thit k nn hoc ta luy l cc gi tr nhn c bng cch nhn gi
tr c trng vi h s kho st t nn fg cc nh trong 4.5 H s An ton

27

(2) Cc gi tr thit k nn hoc ta luy phi c xc nh c xt n loi ,

chc v c im nt v ca nn t thin nhin.

28

CHng 7

nghin cu v ng t

Tiu chun v Qui nh k thut ang thnh hnh Vit nam c p dng

29

CHng 8

mng trc tip

8.1 Vn Chung v mng Trc tip

8.1.1.

iu kin Thit k ca Cc Mng Trc tip

Cc mng trc tip phi c thit k c cng cn thit chu c kt cu tng

trn mt cch an ton v cng ngn chn c nhng chuyn v c hi sinh ra.
8.1.2. Nn t Chu lc ca Mng Trc tip
Mng trc tip phi c trn t nn c kh nng chu ti cn thit c tnh n iu
kin cn thit ca kt cu tng trn, kt cu chu lc ca mng v mc kh khn
trong thi cng.
8.1.3.

H s Thit k ca Phn lc t nn

H s phn lc t nn c dng trong thit k mng trc tip c tnh nh sau:

(1) H s Thit k ca phn lc t nn theo hng thng ng
k v = frk(0,2 E 0 B v - 1 / 2 ) (t ct) (8.1.3-1)
k v = frk(1,7 E 0 B v - 3 / 4 ) (cc lp xen k vi t ct v t dnh) (8.1.3-2)
k v = frk(1,3 E 0 B v - 1 ) (t dnh) (8.1.3-3)
3

y; k v

: H s phn lc t nn theo hng thng ng (kN/m )

: H s iu chnh cho phng php tnh E 0 tham kho 6.3 Gi tr
c trng Thit k ca cc Hng s t
2
E 0 : M un bin dng ca t nn (kN/m ) (tham kho 6.3 Gi tr c
trnng ca Cc hng s t)
B v : B rng thay i (cm) ca y b mng
Bv =

Av
frk

Av
2

: Din tch y b mng (cm )

: H s khng ca t nn

(2) H s phn lc t nn theo hng ngang

k h = frk(1.7 s E 0 B h - 3 / 4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (8.1.3-3)
3

y; k h

: H s phn lc t nn theo hng ngang (kN/m )

s : H s iu chnh mt bn
: H s iu chnh cho phng php tnh E 0 (tham kho 6.3 Gi tr
c trng Thit k ca Hng s t)

30

E0

: M un bin dng ca t (kN/m ) (tham kho 6.3 Gi tr c

trng Thit k ca Cc hng s t)

Bh

: B rng thay i ca mt trc b mng (m)

Bh =

Ah
frk

Ah
2

: Din tch mt trc b mng (m )

: H s khng ca t nn

(3) H s phn lc t nn chu ct ca mt thp hn ca din tch b mng

ks

= k v (8.1.3-3)
3

k s : H s phn lc t nn chu ct (kN/m )

: H s chuyn i ( = 1/3)
kv

: H s phn lc t nn theo hng thng ng (kN/m )

8.1.4. Gi tr Gii hn Chuyn v

Gi tr gii hn ca mng bng nh sau:
(1)

Khi nghin cu mi trng thi gii hn tr trng thi gii hn cui khi ng t,
gi tr gii hn chuyn v ca mng trc tip phi p ng c iu kin qui nh
trong 4.7 Gi tr Gii hn v Chuyn v ca Kt cu v Mng v phi c xc
nh khng c gy ra bin dng d qu mc trn mng trc tip.

(2)

Trong nghin cu trng thi gii hn cui khi ng t, gi tr gii hn chuyn v

ca mng trc tip phi c xc nh vi iu kin t s do khng vt qu gii
hn t s do v kt cu khng b sp.

8.2 Thit k Thng thng Mng Trc tip

8.2.1 Phng php Thit k Thng thng ca Mng Trc tip
Khi thit k thng thng cho mng trc tip, phi tho mn cc hng mc sau:
(1) Nghin cu chu lc thng ng
(a) Khi nghin cu trng thi gii hn kh nng lm vic lu di, cng chu
lc thng ng thit k phi p ng iu kin c th hin bng biu thc
( 8.2.1-1) da vo cng phn lc t nn thng ng thit k.
P
i d 1 .0 (8.2.1-1)
qd

y;

pd : Cng phn lc t nn thng ng thit k (tham kho 8.2.3)

31

qd : Cng chu lc thng ng thit k (tham kho 8.2.4)

i : H s kt cu
(a) Trong nghin cu trng thi gii hn cui v trng thi gii hn kh nng lm
vic khi ng t, kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k phi p ng iu kin
c th hin bng biu thc (8.2.1-2) da vo ti trng thng ng thit k.
i

Vd
1 .0 ..(8.2.1-2)
R vd

y; Vd : Ti trng thng ng c hiu thit k

Rvd: Kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k (tham kho 8.2.4)
i : H s Kt cu
(1) Nghin cu v chu lc Ngang
Khi nghin cu mi trng thi gii hn, kh nng chu lc ngang thit k ca mng
trc tip phi p ng iu kin c th hin bng biu thc (8.2.1-3) da vo ti
trng ngang thit k tc dng vo mng trc tip.
i

Hd
1 . 0 (8.2.1-3)
R hd

y; Hd : Ti trng ngang thit k

Rhd: Kh nng chu lc ngang thit k (tham kho 8.2.5)
i : H s Kt cu
(2) Nghin cu Chuyn v
Trong nghin cu mi trng thi gii hn, chuyn v thit k ca mng trc tip
phi p ng iu kin th hin bng biu thc (8.2.1-4) da vo gii hn chuyn
v mng trc tip.
i

y;

d
1 . 0 (8.2.1-4)
L

d : Chuyn v thit k ( tham kho 8.2.2)

L : Gi tr gii hn chuyn v
i : H s kt cu

(3) Nghin cu Lt
Trong nghin cu trng thi gii hn cui khi ng t, nghin cu an ton chng
lt cho mng trc tip khi ng t phi tun theo 8.2.6.
(4) Nghin cu B mng

32

Khi nghin cu mi trng thi gii hn tr trng thi gii hn s dng khi ng t,
thit k b mng ca mng trc tip phi p ng cc qui nh trong 8.4
8.2.2

Chuyn v Thit k

Chuyn v Thit k ca mng trc tip nhn c bng cc cng thc sau:
(1) Chuyn v thng ng thit k
Chuyn v thng ng thit k trong mi trng thi gii hn nhn c bng biu
thc sau:
d =

V d (8.2.2-1)
Kv

Kv = Avkv
y; v : Chuyn v thng ng thit k (m)
Vd : Ti trng thng ng c hiu thit k tc dng vo y mng
Kv : Hng s co gin thng ng (kN/m)
Av : Din tch y mng (m2)
kv : H s phn lc t nn thit k (kN/m3) (tham kho 8.1.3 )
(2) Chuyn v ngang Thit k
(3) Gc xoay Thit k
(a) Nghin cu mc nguy hi cho mi trng thi gii hn tr trng thi gii
hn cui khi ng t.
Gc xoay thit k c tnh bng biu thc sau:
(i) Trong trng hp ex=B/6

r =

M d .(8.2.2-3)
Kr

Kr = Iykv
y;

ex : lch tm trn hng X ca hp lc ti y ca b mng

(m)
ex =

Md
Vd

33

r : Gc xoay ca b mng (radian)

Md : M men thit k tc dng ln tm ca y mng (kN m)

Kr : Hng s co gin thit k ca mng (kNm/rad)
Iy : M men qun tnh ca y mng (m4)
Iy = LB3/12
L : B rng mng vung gc vi hng ti trng (m)
B : B rng mng ti hng ti trng (m)
(ii) Trong trng hp ex > B/6 and Md = Mmd
r =

M d M1
+ 1 ...(8.2.2-4)
K 'r

y;

Md : M men thit k tc dng ti tm gia y mng (kN.m)

Mmd : M men khng ln nht thit k (kNEm)
M1 : Gii hn thit k ca m men y ni (kNEm)
M md =

M1 =

BV d
V2
d ..(8.2.2-5)
2
2qd L

V d B .(8.2.2-6)
6

qd : Cng chu lc thng ng thit k (kN/m2) (Xem 8.2.4)

Vd : Ti trng thng ng hiu dng thit k ti y mng (kN)
B : B rng mng (m)
L : B rng mng vung gc vi hng ti trng (m)
1 : Gc xoay ca mng trc tip bng M1(radian)
1 =

V d B (8.2.2-7)
6K r

Kr: Hng s co gin trng thi vt m men trng thi gii hn

y ni Ml (kNm/rad)
(b) Nghin cu trng thi Gii hn Cui khi ng t

34

Gc xoay thit k ca mng trc tip ti trng thi gii hn cui khi ng t
phi c tnh ton c tnh n kh nng dch chuyn mng ti khu vc c
chuyn v do.

35

8.2.3 Cng Phn lc Thng ng Thit k ca t nn

Cng phn lc thng ng thit k ca t nn i vi mng trc tip c coi l
mng cng v c dng hnh ch nhtv c tnh bng cc biu thc sau.
Trong trng hp im tc dng hp lc khng nm trn ng tim ca thn mng, th
phng php khc c p dng c xt n chnh lch v hai to .
(1) Trong trng hp ex=B/6 (Hnh 8.2.3-2)
pd1

6e
Vd
1 x
BL
B

(8.2.3-1)

pd2
y; pd1 : Cng phn lc thng ng ln nht thit k ca t nn ti y
mng ( kN/m2)
pd2 : Cng phn lc thng ng nh nht thit k ca t nn ti y
mng ( kN/m2)

Hnh 8.2.3-1 lch ca hp lc

Hnh 8.2.3-2 ex B/6

Vd : Ti trng thng ng c hiu thit k tc dng ln tm y mng (N)

L : B rng mng vung gc vi hng ti trng (m)
B : B rng mng theo hng ti trng (m)
ex : lch ca hp lc theo to X (m)
(2) Trong trng hp ex>B/6
(a) Trong trng hp m cng phn lc thng ng thit k ca t nn nh
hn cng kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k qui nh trong 8.2.4
pd1 =

2V d
(8.2.3-2)
B

3L ex
2

36

Hnh 8.2.3-3 pd1 < qd

(b) Trong trng hp m cng phn lc thng ng thit k ln nht ca t
nn t c cng kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k nh qui nh
trong biu thc 8.2.4-1 (xem Hnh 8.2.3-4)
pd1 = qd
(8.2.3-3)
12 BV d 12V d2 24 M d
2 2
x 2 =
qd L
qd L
qd L

1/ 2

Vd
x
2
2
qd L

x1 =

y;

(8.2.3-4)

(8.2.3-5)

qd : Cng chu lc thng ng thit k (kN/m2) (Xem 8.2.4)

Hnh 8.2.3-4 pd1 = qd

(3) Phn b phn lc t nn trong trng hp m men lt t c m men khng
thit k ln nht (Hnh 8.2.3-5)
pd1=qd
x =

(8.2.3-6)

Vd
qd L

(8.2.3-7)

y; x : B rng phn b phn lc t nn

Hnh 8.2.3-5 Trong trng hp

m men lt t c m men
khng ln nht thit k

37

8.2.4 Kh nng Chu lc Thng ng Thit k

(1) Trong trng hp nn t y mng l mt t thin nhin, kh nng chu lc thng
ng thit k v kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k ca mng trc tip c tnh
bng cc biu thc sau:
(a) Cng kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k
q d = q vd + e 2 D f

(8.2.4-1)

Trng hp t dnh
q vd = f rc N c I c b c

Trong trng hp t ct
q vd = f r I b Be e1 N + f rq I q e 2 D f ( N q 1)

y; qd: Cng kh nng chu lc thng ng Thit k (kN/m2)

qvd: Cng kh nng chu lc thng ng ti hn thit k
ca mng trc tip chng li ti trng b sung
fr, frq, frc : H s khng ca t nn chng li cng ti trng
thng ng ca mng trc tip
Df : Chiu su mng c hiu ca y mng (m)
e1: Trng lng ring ca t di y mng (kN/m3)
e2 : Trng lng ring c hiu trung bnh trong phm vi chiu
su y mng Df (kN/m3)
Ic, I, Iq : H s iu chnh chng li ti trng nghing
I c = I q = (1 / 90 ) 2

Tuy nhin, 0 1- /

I = (1 / ) 2

: Gc nging ca hp lc ti y mng ()
= tan 1 ( H d / V d )

Hd
Vd
(kN)

b, b

: Ti trng ngang thit k tc dng ln mng (kN)

: Ti trng thng ng c hiu thit k tc dng ln mng
: Gc ma st trong ca t ti y mng ( )
: H s hnh dng y mng (Bng 8.2.4-1)

38

Bng 8.2.4-1 H s hnh dng y mng

Hnh dng y mng
Lin tc

Vung

Ch nht

Trn

1,0
0,5

1,2
0,3

1,0+0,2(B'/L)
0,5-0,2(B'/L)

1,2
0,3

H s Hnh dng
b
b

c : Cng dnh ca t ti y mng (kN/m2)

Be: Ly ci nh hn B hoc L
B : B rng c hiu ca mng (m)
B' = B - 2ex
L : Chiu rng mng theo hng vung gc vi hng ti trng
(m)
ex : lch tm im tc dng ca hp lc theo hng X ti y
mng (m)
ex =

Md
Vd

Md : M men thit k tc dng ti gia y mng (kNm)

Nc : H s kh nng chu lc ca t ti y mng. Gi tr thng
thng l 5,1
N , N q : H s kh nnng chu lc ca t ti y mng (xem Bng 8.2.4-2)
Bng 8.2.4-2 H s kh nng chu lc khi mt t l phng
Gi tr
N
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50

Bnh thng, Tm thi

33
33
34
35
35
36
37
37
38
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
42
42
42
42
42

N
14
17
20
24
29
34
40
47
55
64
75
87
100
110
120
130
140
150
150
150
150

Nq
13
15
17
19
22
25
29
32
37
42
47
53
60
66
70
75
80
85
85
85
85

39

Trong mt ng t

29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
42
42
42
42
42

N
6.2
7.7
9.7
12
15
20
26
34
45
60
75
87
100
110
120
130
140
150
150
150
150

Nq
7.1
8.3
9.8
11
14
17
20
25
31
39
47
53
60
66
70
75
80
85
85
85
85

(a) Cng chu lc thng ng thit k

Rvd = A ' q vd + e 2 D f A '

(8.2.4-2)

y, Rvd: Cng kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k ca mng trc tip (kN)
qvd:

Cng chu lc thng ng ti hn thit k ca mng trc tip

chng li lc b sung (kN/m2)

A:

Din tch c hiu ca mng (m2)

(2) Cng ng sut chu lc thng ng khi tng t chu lc l cng phi c
xc nh c tnh n cng lp m, trng thi phong ho v s tn ti ca
cc vt nt.

8.2.5

Kh nng Chu lc ngang Thit k

Kh nng chu lc ngang thit k ca mng trc tip phi c tnh bng biu thc sau:
Rhd = Rhb + Rhp

(8.2.5-1)

Rhb = frsVd tan b + frcA'c'

(8.2.5-2)

Rhp = frph L (ppi Hi cospi)

(8.2.5-3)

y:
R h d : Cng chu lc ngang thit k (kN)
f r s , f r c , f r p : H s khng t nn v kh nng chu lc ngang ti mt trc ca
mng.
R h p : K h nng chu lc ngang ti mt trc ca mng (kN).
V d : Ti trng ng c hiu Thit k ti y mng (kN)
b : Gc ma st gia y mng v lp chu lc ()
Trong trng hp tng chu lc l t
(a) Trong trng hp mng l c ti ch b =
(b) Trong trng hp mng c c sn b = 2/3
Trong trng hp tng chu lc l tng
(a) Trong trng hp mng c ti ch b=
Tuy nhin, b= 45
(b) Trong trng hp mng c sn b= 2/3
Tuy nhin, b=30
: Gc ma st trong ca t hoc gc ti y mng ()
A: Din tch c hiu ca y mng (m2)

40

c: Cng dnh gia t v y mng (kN/m2)

h: H s hnh dng ca mt trc mng ( 1,0~2,0 theo t l chiu su mng so
vi b b rng trc mng )
L : B rng mng vung gc vi hng ti trng (m)
Trong trng hp mng hnh trn, ng knh mng l D
pPi : Cng p lc t b ng ti mt trc mng ch tm ca lp thit
(kN/m2)
p pi = (q i + 1/2 ei H i ) K pi + 2ci K pi

1/2

qi = ei hi

qi : Cht ti thm trn lp mt trn ca lp thit k (kN/m2)

ei : Trng lng ring c hiu trung bnh ca t trong mt ct th hi (kN/m3)
hi : Chiu su c hiu ti mt trn ca lp thit k (m)
ei : Trng lng ring c hiu ca t ti lp thit k (kN/m3)
Hi : Chiu dy lp thit k (m)
Kpi : H s b ng p lc t ca lp thit k
ci : Cng dnh ca t trong lp thit k (kN/m2)
pi : Gc ma st trong gia mt trc mng v t trong tng thit k ()
8.2.6

Nghin cu Lt

B qua
V nghin cu ny chu trng thi gii hn cui trong ng t.
8.3 Nghin cu v iu kin Thit k c bit
8.3.1

Trong trng hp t trn t yu

Trong trng hp thit k lp t yu c coi l lp chu lc, ln ca t v kh

nng chu lc ca t b gim do ng t phi c nghin cu.
8.3.2

Trong trng hp lp Chu lc khng :

(1) an ton ca mng trc tip trn lp chu lc khng phi c nghin cu c
xt n cng ca lp chu lc khng v dy ca lp v c cng ca
lp di n.
(2) ln v nghing ca mng trc tip do c kt ca lp chu lc khng
phi c tnh ph hp vi 8.3.3.

41

8.3.3

ln v nghing do C kt

(1) Gi tr ln c kt ca mng trc tip c tnh trong ti tnh thit k.

(2) Gc nghing ca mng trc tip i cng vi ln c kt c tnh c xt n phn
b cng ti trng di mng.
8.3.4

Trong trng hp m c nhiu s Thay i ca lp Chu lc.

Trong trng hp m c nhiu s thay i ca lp chu lc, thit k mng trc tip phi
c tin hnh c tnh n nh hng ca n.
8.3.5

Trong trng hp Mng b nh hng bi Mi dc

Trong trng hp thit k mng trc tip trn mi dc hoc st mi dc, kh nng chu
lc v hng s co gin ca t nn phi c tnh ton v n nh ca ton b t
nn phi c nghien cu c tnh n nh hng ca a hnh.
8.3.6

Trong trng hp Lp Chu lc su

n nh mng trc tip t trn lp chu lc n nh bn di su phi c nghin

cu c tnh n nh hng ca n.
8.3.7

Trong trng hp Mng Xin

Mng xin phi c thit k c tnh n gc xin v hnh dng mng.

8.3.8

Trong trng hp Mng c Kch thc ngang Ln

Mng c kch thc ngang qu ln phi c thit k c tnh n f cng ca mng v

hng s do thng ng ca lp chu lc.
8.3.9

Trong trng hp Thi cng c Thc hin dn dn

Trong trng hp thi cng c thc hin theo mt s giai on v cc chc nng kt
cu c hon thin trong mt khi, n nh phi c nghin cu theo cc giai on
thi cng cng nh mc nh hng theo mi giai on.
8.3.10 Kh nng Chu lc Thng ng Cho php ca Cc Mng trc tip theo
Cc Th nghim Cht ti.
Trong tnh ton kh nng chu lc thng ng ti hn ca mng trc tip t kt qu ca
cc th nghim bn nn, thc hin iu chnh nhng mc sau y v cng v kh
nng chu lc thng ng thit k c th c tnh theo 8.2.4
(1) iu chnh lin quan n s khc nhau v din tch cht ti
(2) iu chnh lin quan n s khc nhau v chiu su chn mng
(3) iu chnh lin quan n s khc nhau v mc nc ngm

42

(4) iu chnh lin quan n s khc nhau v iu kin cht ti

8.4 Phng php Thit k Mng ca Mng Trc tip

Phng php Thit k Mng ca Mng Trc tip nh sau:
(1) Cng ng sut hoc hoc lc cu kin thit k ti b mng trc tip c tnh
ph hp vi Tiu chun Thit k B tng do phn lc ca t nn c tnh trong
8.2.3 Cng Phn lc Thng ng Thit k ca t nn
(2) Cng ng sut hoc hoc lc cu kin c tnh trong (1) khng c vt qu
gi tr gii hn cng ng sut v kh nng chu lc ng sut thit k c qui
nh trong Tiu chun Thit k B tng trong nghin cu mi trng thi gii hn
tr trng thi gii hn kh nng lm vic khi ng t.

43

CHng 9

mng ging chm

9.1 Vn Chung trong Mng ging chm

9.1.1

Yu cu Thit k ca Mng ging chm

Ngoi chu lc kt cu tng trn cho an ton trong thi gian tui th thit k, mng
ging chm phi c thit k ngn chn nhng chuyn v bt li.
9.1.2

t nn Chu lc ca Mng ging chm

Mng ging chm phi c t trn t nn c kh nng chu lc cn thit vi iu

kin kt cu tng trn, kt cu chu lc ca mng v kh nng c th thi cng.
9.1.3

Hnh dng v Kch thc ca Mng ging chm

Hnh dng v kch thc ca mng ging chm phi c xc nh theo cc hng mc sau:

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

9.1.4

n nh mng
Kh nng chu lc ca cu kin
Lin quan n hnh dng v kch thc ca kt cu tng trn
Mp lch tm trong thi cng
Kh nng thi cng
Nhng th khc

K hoch H ging

Trc khi thc hin h mng ging chm phi nghin cu k phng n lin quan n
mng ging chm.
9.1.5

H s Phn lc t nn ca Mng Ging chm

H s phn lc t nn c dng trong thit k thng thng cua mng ging chm
phi c tnh bng biu thc sau y.
(1) H s phn lc t nn theo hng thng ng
k v = f rk (1, 7 E eqv B v 3 / 4 )

y;

kv :
Eeqv :

(9.1.5-1)
3

H s phn lc t nn theo hng thng ng (kN/m )

2
M un bin dng (kN/m ) ca y mng c tnh n ti xp ca
t do thi cng
Eeqv = vE0

v : H s ti xp ca mng

44

H s iu chnh lin quan n phng php tnh E 0 v iu kin

ti trng (xem 6.3)
2
: M un bin dng t nn (kN/m ) (xem 6.3)
: B rng tnh i (cm) ca y mng

E0
Bv

Bv =

Av
2

Av

: Din tch (m ) y mng

frk

: H s khng t nn

(2) H s phn lc t nn theo hng ngang

k h = f rk (1, 7 s E eqh B h 3 / 4 )

y;

Eeqh

(9.1.5-2)
3

: H s p h n l c t n n (kN/m ) theo hng ngang

: H s iu chnh mt bn
2
: M un bin dng (kgf/cm ) ca t bn hng c xt n xp
ca t do thi cng
Eeqh = hE0

E0
Bh
frk

:
:
:
:
:

H s xp ca t bn hng
H s iu chnh lin quan n phng php tnh E 0 (xem 6.3)
2
M un bin dng ca t nn (kN/m ) (xem 6.3)
B rng chuyn i (m) mt trc mng
H s khng t nn

(3) H s phn lc t nn chu ct ca y mng

k s = k v (9.1.5-3)
3
y; k s : H s phn lc t nn khi chu ct (kN/m )
: H s chuyn i ( = 1/3)
3
k v : H s chuyn i phn lc t nn theo hng thng ng (kN/m )
9.1.6

Chuyn v Cho php ca Mng ging chm

Gi tr gii hn ca chuyn v mng ging chm nh sau:

(1) Gi tr gii hn ca chuyn v mng ging chm tr trng hp trng thi gii hn
cui khi ng t phi bng hoc nh hn gi tr gii hn ca kt cu c qui nh
trong 4.7 v c xc nh bng kh nng chu lc ca chnh bn thn mng.
(2) Trng thi gii hn ca chuyn v mng ging chm trong trng thi gii hn cui
khi ng t phi c xc nh sao cho t l bin dng do ca mng khng vt
qu trng thi ca n v hn na kt cu khng b sp.

45

9.2 Thit k Mng ging chm

9.2.1

Phng php Thit k Mng ging chm

Mng ging chm phi c thit k, v nguyn tc, tho mn c cc hng mc sau
y, khi nghin cu i vi mi trng thi gii hn, Tuy vy, trong nghin cu trng
thi gii hn cui khi ng t, kh nng chu lc thng ng khi ng t hoc kh
nng chu lc ngang u khng th c b qua.
(1) Nghin cu i vi ti trng thng ng
Kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k ti y mng ging chm phi c thc hin
iu kin th hin bng biu thc 9.2.1-1 i vi ti trng thng ng c hiu thit k.
i

V bd
1, 0
R vd

(9.2.1-1)

y; Vbd : Ti trng thng ng c hiu Thit k ti y mng

Rvd : Kh nng chu lc thng ng c hiu thit k ti y mng xem 9.2.3
i : H s Kt cu
(2) Nghin cu i vi ti trng ngang
Kh nng chu lc ngang thit k ca mng ging chm phi c thc hin iu kin
th hin bng biu thc 9.2.1-1 i vi ti trng thng ng c hiu thit k.
i

y;

Hd
Rhd
i

Hd
1, 0
R hd

(9.2.1-2)

: Ti trng ngang c hiu thit k ti y mng

: Kh nng chu lc ngang c hiu thit k ti y mng xem 9.2.3
: H s Kt cu

(3) Nghin cu i vi chuyn v

Chuyn v ngang thit k v gc nghing thit k phi c thc hin theo biu thc
9.2.1-3 v 9.2.1-4
d
1, 0
L

i d 1,0
L
i

y;

d:
L:
d:
L:
i :

(9.2.1-3)
(9.2.1-4)

Chuyn v ngang thit k mng

Gi tr gii hn chuyn v ngang thit k mng
Gc nghing thit k mng
Gi tr gii hn gc nghing ca mng
H s kt cu

46

(4) Nghin cu cng v kh nng chu lc ca cu kin

Cng v kh nng chu lc ca cu kin v mng ging chm phi thc hin iu
kin qui nh ca mc 9.4
9.2.2

Chuyn v Thit k v Phn lc t nn Thit k

Chuyn v thit k, v nguyn tc, c tnh bng h s ngang thit k ca phn lc t

nn xung quanh mng, h s thng ng thit k ca t phn lc t nn ti y mng
v h s chu ct thit k ca phn lc t nn c tnh n cng chu un ca thn
mng.
Chuyn v thit k trong nghin cu i vi trng thi gii hn cui khi ng t c
tnh ton c tnh n c tnh bin dng ca mng.
9.2.3 Kh nng Chu lc Thng ng Thit k
Kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k ti y mng ca mng ging chm, v nguyn
tc, bng phng php sau:
(1) Trong trng hp t nn ti y mng l t hoc mm
R vd = R v1 + e 2 D f A '

(9.2.3-1)

Trong trng hp t dnh

Rv1 = A ' ( f rc I c b c ' N c )

(9.2.3-2)

Trong trng hp t ct
Rv1=A[frIbBee1Nr+frqIqe2Df (Nq-1)]

(9.2.3-

3)
y; Rvd: Kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k (kN)
Rv1: Kh nng chu lc thng ng gii hn cui thit k i vi ti trng
tng ln (kN)
e2: Trng lng ring c hiu trung bnh ca t trong mt ct D (kN/m3)
Df : Chiu su c hiu ca mng (m)
A : Din tch c hiu ca y Mng (m2)
C : Cng dnh ca t nn ti y mng (kN/m2)
e1 : Trng lng ring c hiu ca t nn ti y mng (kN/m3)
Be: Gi tr nh hn gia B ca L
B: Chiu rng c hiu ca y mng theo hng ti trng (m)
L : Chiu rng y mng hng vung gc vi ti trng (m)
b,b: H s hnh dng ca y mng (Bng 9.2.3-1)
Nc: H s kh nng chu lc ca t nn ti y mng. Gi tr chung l 5.1
N, Nq : H s kh nng chu lc ca t nn ti y mng (Bng 9.2.3-2)
Ic, I, Iq : H s iu chnh ca ti trng xin

47

I c = I q = 1

90

I = 1

y, (0 ) 1

: Gc nghing ca tng hp lc ti y mng ()

= tan 1

Pbd

Pbd
Vbd

: Phn lc t nn chu ct thit k ti y mng (kN)

Bng 9.2.3-1 H s Hnh dng
Hnh dng Mng

H s

Mng trn

Mng ch nht

ab

1,2

1 + 0,2 \f(B',L)

0,3

0,5 0,2 \f(B',L)

y: B/L l L/B trong trng hp B>L

Bng 9.2.3-2 H s kh nng chu lc

25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42 v
ln hn

N
3,6
4,0
4,5
5,0
6,2
7,7
9,7
12
15
20
26
34
45
60
80
100
130
150

Nq
4,8
5,2
5,6
6,1
7,1
8,3
9,8
11
14
17
20
25
31
39
50
64
73
85

Vbd: Ti trng thng ng c hiu thit k ti y mng (kN)

:

Gc ma st trong ca t nn ti y mng ()

48

frc :

H s phn lc t nn i vi biu thc 9.2.3-2

fr , frq : H s khng t nn ng vi cu kin th nht v cu kin th hai v

cu kin bn phi ca biu thc 9.2.3-3
(2) Kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k phi c xc nh chc chn v cng
ca gc, trng thi phong ho ca n, trng thi nt v v..v trong trng hp y
mng nm trn cng.
9.2.4 Kh nng Chu lc Ngang Thit k
Kh nng Chu lc ngang Thit k ca mng ging chm c tnh bng biu thc sau
(v nguyn tc).

y;

R hd = R hp + R hb

(9.2.4-1)

R hp = f rp h Lp Pi H i f ra Lp Ai H i

(9.2.4-2)

R hb = f rsVbd tan b + f rc A ' c '

(9.2.4-3)

Rhd:

Kh nng chu lc ngang thit k (KN)

Rhp:

Kh nng chu lc ngang thit k ca t ti mt bn mng (kN)

Rhb:

Kh nng chu lc ngang thit k ca t nn ti y mng (kN)

h : H s Hnh dng ti mt bn mng (Xem 8.2.5)

L : B rng phn b khng t ti mt trc mng (m)
pPi :

Cng p lc t b ng ti mt bn mng ch gia ca lp

thit k (kN/m2).
1

p Pi = q i + ei H i K Pi + 2 c i K Pi
2

pAi:

Cng p lc t ch ng ti mt bn mng ch gia ca

lp thit k (kN/m2).
1

p Ai = q i + ei H i K Ai + 2 c i K Ai
2

qi:

Cht ti thm ti mt trn ca lp thit k (kN/m2)

q i = ei hi

ei :

hi :
ei :
ci :

Trng lng ring c hiu trung bnh ca t trong lp t ca

mt ct hi (kN/m3)
su c hiu ti mt trn ca lp thit k (m)
Trng lng ring c hiu ca t trong lp thit k (kN/m3)
Cng dnh ca t trong lp thit k (kN/m2)

49

Hi :
Kpi :
KAi:
Vbd:
b:
A:
c:
frp, fra:
frs, frc:

Chiu su ca lp thit k (m)

H s p lc t b ng trong lp t thit k
H s p lc t ch ng ca lp thit k
Ti trng thng ng thit k ti y mng (kN)
Gc ma st gia t nn v y mng ()
Din tch c hiu ti y mng (m2)
Cng dnh gia y mng v t nn (kN/m2)
H s khng t nn ng vi cu kin th nht v cu kin th
hai trn cc cu kin bn phi ca biu thc 9.2.4-2
H s khng t nn ng vi cu kin th nht v cu kin th
hai trn cc cu kin bn phi ca biu thc 9.2.4-3

9.3 Nghin cu iu kin Thit k c bit

9.3.1

Trong trng hp t nn cn c X l c bit khi ng t

Trong trng hp mng ging chm cn x l c bit khi ng t, cc hng mc sau

y cn nghin cu:
(1) Trong tnh ton chuyn v, lc cu kin v th khc ca mng ging chm trong t
nn c bit i hi bin php c bit chng ng t, phi tin hnh nghin cu
c xt n chuyn v t nn khi ng t.
(2) Trong trng hp lp t nn c cc gi tr c trng ca t phi c trit gim
hoc b qua trong thit k chng ng t, thp hn so vi mt trn ca mng ging
chm, gi tr c trng ca t, lc qun tnh tc dng ln thn mng v cc lc khc
phi c nghin cu y .
9.3.2 Trong trng hp Lp chu lc Khng
(1) Kh nng chu lc thng ng ca mng ging chm trn lp chu lc khng phi
c tnh ton c xt n cng v dy ca lp chu lc khng v cng
ca lp t nn bn di lp thit k.
(2) ln v gc nghing ca mng ging chm do s c kt ca lp chu lc khng
phi c tnh ton theo mc 8.3.3.
9.3.3 Trong trng hp Ma st m xy ra
Trong trng hp ma st m xy ra vi mng ging ch, kh nng chu lc thng ng
v ln ca mng phi c nghin cu c xt n hin tng .
9.3.4 Trong trng hp c c im a hnh, chng hn nh C dc
Trong trng hp m mt t xung quanh hoc lp t y mng ging chm b
nghing r r, kh nng chu l, dch chuyn v kh nng chu lc cu kin phi
c nghin cu c tnh n snh hng c im a hnh.

50

9.3.5 Trong trng hp p lc khng i xng hoc Chuyn v Ngang ca t nn

c nh hng
Trong trng hp m mng ging chm chu p lc khng i xng v dch chuyn
ngang ca t nn, n nh v chuyn v ca mng v kh nng chu lc cu kin ca
thn mng phi c nghin cu c xt n nhng nh hng ny.
9.3.6 Mng ging chm Mt khi
Trong tnh ton chuyn v thit k, phn lc t nn hoc cc th khc ca mng ging
chm mt khi, lc quan tnh tc dng ln mng khi ng t phi c xt n.
9.3.7 Trong trng hp Ging chm nhiu Khi c t st nhau.
Trong trng hp Ging chm nhiu khi c t st nhau, nh hng i vi mi ci
phi c nghin cu.
9.3.8 Trong trng hp Kt cu c bit
Trong trng hp mng ging chm c kt cu c bit, phn tch kt cu nh n
nh, chuyn v v kh nng chu lc cu kin phi c nghin cu ph hp vi c
tnh kt cu ca n.
9.3.8 Trong trng hp Phng php Thi cng c bit c p dng
Trong trng hp mng ging chm c lm bng phng php thi cng c bit, phn
tch kt cu phi c lm ph hp vi bin php thi cng p dng.
9.4 Thit k cho Cu kin Mng ging chm
9.4.1 Phng php lun Thit k Cu kin
Thit k cho mi cu kin mng ging chm ph hp vi nhng th sau:
(1) Cng ng sut hoc lc cu kin thit k ti cc cu kin mng ging chm
c tnh ph hp vi 9.4.2 Tng vch 9.4.9 Dm treo Tm bn Trn ca
bung lm vic ging chm kh nn v Tiu chun Thit k B tng .
(2) Trong nghin cu cc trng thi gii hn tr trng thi gii hn kh nng lm vic
khi ng t, cng ng sut hoc lc cu kin thit k c tnh bng phng
php qui nh trong (1) hoc khng vt qu gi tr gii hn ca cng ng sut
hoc kh nng chu lc cu kin thit k c tnh ph hp vi Tiu chun Thit
k B tng.
9.4.2 Tng Vch
Tng vch ca mng ging chm c thit k bng lc cu kin thit k v cng
phn lc t nn thit k ph hp vi 9.2.2 Chuyn v thit k hoc Phn lc t nn
Thit k v cng c thit k vi an ton chng li trng thi lc tc dng cho mi
bc thi cng.

51

9.4.3 M Cc
M cc c thit k vi trng thi ti trng sau khi hon thin v vi mi bc thi
cng c tnh n iu kin chu ti v iu kin lin kt ca tng vch v vch ngn.
9.4.4 Phn chu lc ca M cc.
Phn chu lc ca m cc c thit k cho mi trng thi cht ti sau khi hon thin c
tnh n ti trng truyn t b mt thp hn ca m cc.
9.4.5 Tm bn Trn ca bung Lm vic ca Ging chm kh nn.
Tm bn Trn ca bung Lm vic ca ging chm kh nn c thit k cho mi trng
thi cht ti sau khi hon thin v mi bc thi cng.
9.4.6 Tm bn y ca Ging chm H
Tm bn y ca ging chm H c thit k c th truyn phn lc t nn ln
tng vch v tng ngn.
9.4.7 Li Ct
Li ct c thit k chng li trng thi ti trng lc thi cng.
9.4.8 Tng phng h
Tng phng h c thit k c xt n kt cu ca tng ngm (tng chn), c
xy trn tng ngm di mt nc.
9.4.9 Dm treo Tm bn Trn ca Bung lm vic ca Ging chm hi p
Trong trng hp thit k ging chm hi p c tng ngn, phn thp hn ca tng
ngn c thit k nh dm c chung ti trng ca bn c coi l dm treo cho tm
bn trn ca bung lm vic.
9.5 Chi tit Kt cu v nhng th Khc
9.5.1 B tng trong Ging chm hi p
B tng trong ging chm hi p c chc nng truyn phn lc t nn mt cch chc
chn ti y mng ln bn trn ca bung lm vic v li ct.
9.5.2 Ct thp ca Li ct
Mp ct phi c gia c ph hp vi iu kin t nn, phng php thi cng v v..v.
9.5.3 Ct thp phn Chu vi ca phn ngoi vi ca Ct
Cc thanh ct thp b sung c b tr xung quanh ct ca bn trn bung lm vic ca
gig chm hi p.

52

9.5.4 S ct trong Ging chm hi p

S ct trong ging chm hi p phi c xc nh xt ti nh hng do o mng v an
ton cng vic.

9.5.5 ng Thot nc ca Tng ngn

Khi b tr ging chm c nhng tng ngn, s rt tt nu trang b mt ng thot nc
trong cc tng ngn.

9.5.6 Tng Ngm tm hoc Tng chn tm

Khi b tr mt tng ngm tm hoc tng chn tm khi thi cng ging chm, tng
phi c thit k vi cng cn thit lin quan n trng thi ti trng trong thi
cng.
9.5.7 Th nghim Bn nn trong Ging chm hi p
Khi khng nh cng ca tng chu lc ca mng ging chm hi p bng phng
php th nghim bn nn, phng php th nghim v phng php thm tra phi c
nghin cu cht ch.

53

CHng 10

mng cc

10.1 Mng cc Ni chung

10.1.1 iu kin Thit k Mng cc
Ngoi vic kt cu tng trn an ton v c cng cn thit, mng cc cng phi
c thit k c th ngn chn c nhng chuyn v c hi sinh ra qua thi gian.
10.1.2 t nn Chu lc ca Mng cc
t nn c kh nng chu lc cn thit phi c chn cho mng cc c xt n iu
kin cn thit ca kt cu tng tr, h chu lc ca mng cc v kh nng thi cng.
10.1.3 Phn loi Cc v Mt ct ngang Thit k
(1) Cc phi c phn loi nh trong Bng 10.1.3-1 theo vt liu v bin php thi cng.
Bng 10.1.3-1

Phn loi Cc

Phn loi theo vt liu

Phn loi theo bin php thi cng
Cc BTCT ly tm
Phng php xung
(RC)
kch
Cc
ng
Cc BT ly tm
Phng php rung
Khoan bn trong v cc Khoan l cho cc c
cng cao ko
Cc c sn trc(PHC )
b tng bo v chn
sn
Cc thp c li
BT(SC)
Cc ng thp
Cc thp kiu ch H

Cc khoan
nhi v cc
t su

Cc khoan nhi
Cc b tng ct thp (Phng php o bng
my)

Cc t su
(Phng php o bng
tay)

Tt c mi phng
php
Phng php o
ngc
Phng php khoan
t
Bo v chn cho mi
phng php t ng
Phng php t su

(3) ng knh c hiu v mt ct ngang c dng trong tnh ton thit k cc phi
tun theo Bng 10.1.3-2.

54

Bng 10.1.3-2

ng knh c hiu v mt ct ngang cc

Phn loi cc

Cc
c
sn

Mt ct c hiu c dng
trong tnh ton cng (EI,
EA) v cng ng sut ca
cc

Cc BTCT ly tm (RC)
Cc BT ly tm cng
cao ko trc(PHC )
Cc thp c li BT(SC)
Cc ng thp
Cc thp kiu ch H

ng knh ngoi Mt ct hnh tr

ng knh ngoi Mt ct hnh tr

Tt c cc c ng vch

ng knh
danh nh

Khi s dng
bn st thin
Cc
nhin
Cc
dng

Khi s dng b
khoan
li
b
tn nai trn vi
nhi
tn
nai
bn st *
b
tng
ti ch
Khi o khng
c ng vch
Cc
Khi s dng b
khoan
tn nai trn vi
t
bn st *

Cc t su
Ghi ch)

ng knh c
hiu c dng
trong tnh ton
kh nng chu
lc v h s
phn lc t
nn

ng knh ngoi
ng knh ngoi
B rng v chiu
cao

ng knh
danh nh
ng knh
danh nh

ng knh
danh nh
ng knh
danh nh

Mt ct hnh tr c tnh n
mn
Mt ct hnh tr c tnh n
mn
Mt ct ch H c tnh n
mn
Mt ct hnh trn c ng
knh danh nh c coi l
ng knh
Mt ct hnh trn c ng
knh danh nh c coi l
ng knh
Mt ct hnh trn c ng
knh danh nh - 5 cm c coi
l ng knh
Mt ct hnh trn c ng
knh danh nh c coi l
ng knh
Mt ct hnh trn c ng
knh danh nh - 5 cm c coi
l ng knh

Kch thc bn
Mt ct hnh trn s dng gi
trong ca h
trn ct bn tri l ng knh
o

Khi va b tn nai c t 3 n 10%

(3) cng (EI, EA) ca cc dng trong tnh ton lc mt ct v chuyn v mng cc
phi nhn c t ng knh trn mc (2) v m un ca b tng ch ra trong mc 6.2.

55

10.1.4 Cc C s B tr cc
Cc cc phi c b tr sao cho cc thnh phn thng ng ca tnh ti c phn b
u, v nguyn tc.

10.1.5 Khong cch Cc

Khong cch cc phi c xc nh c tnh n iu kin thit k kt cu v mng,
phn loi Cc, iu kin t nn v v..v.

10.1.6 Lin kt Cc v Mng

V nguyn tc, lin kt cc v mng l lin kt cng.

10.1.7 H s Phn lc t nn ca Mng Cc

(1) H s phn lc t nn ca cc n c dng trong thit k mng cc phi c
nhn bng cc iu kin trung gian ca cc hng mc sau.
(a) H s phn lc t nn thng ng trn mi cc
i) Cc ng c bt mi cc

k v = f rk 3, 2 E o D 3 / 4

(10.1.7-1)
3

y; k v : H s phn lc thng ng t nn (kN/m ) ca mi cc

: H s hiu chnh lin quan n bin php tnh ton E 0 v

cc iu kin ti trng (Xem 6.3)
E 0 : M un bin dng t nn (kN/m2) (E 0 = 2500N)
D:

ng knh (m) ca mi cc

N:

Gi tr N ca t nn o mi cc

frk : H s khng t nn
ii) Cc ng khng bt mi cc
Trong trng hp cc cc ng khng bt mi cc, h s nhn c
phi xt n nhng nh hng ca Cc ng c bt mi cc
iii) Cc khoan nhi

k v = f rk 0 ,6 E o D 3 / 4

(10.1.7-2)

Cc k hiu y ging nh nhng k hiu trong biu thc 10.1.7-1

iv) Cc t su

k v = f rk 1,7 E o D 3 / 4

(10.1.7-3)

56

Cc k hiu y ging nh nhng k hiu trong biu thc 10.1.7-1

v)

Cc khoan nhi b tng bn trong ng vch c c b tng y bo

v mi cc.
H s phn lc t nn thit k ca Cc khoan nhi b tng bn trong
ng vch c c b tng y bo v mi cc c phvhp vi bin
php thi cng.

(b) H s phn lc thng ng t nn chu ct ca o cc

i)

Cc ng c bt mi cc
Trong trng hp t ct
k sv = f rk (0 ,16 E o D 3 / 4 )

(10.1.7-4)

Trong trng hp t dnh

k sv = f rk (0 ,3 E o D 3 / 4 )

(10.1.7-5)
3

y; k s v :

H s phn lc thng ng t nn chu ct (kN/m ) trn

v cc
: H s hiu chnh lin quan n bin php tnh ton E 0
(xem 6.3)
2
E 0 : M un bin dng (kN/m ) ca t nn (E 0 = 2500N)
D: ng knh cc (m)
N: Gi trn N ca t xung quanh cc
frk: H s khng t nn

ii) Cc ng khng bt mi cc
Trong trng hp Cc ng khng bt mi c, nhng nh hng v hnh
dng ca mi cc phi c xem xt.
iii) Cc khoan nhi
k sv = f rk (0 ,09 E o D 3 / 4 )

(10.1.7-6)

Cc k hiu y ging nh trong biu thc 10.1.7-4, 5

iv)

Cc khoan nhi b tng bn trong ng vch c c b tng y bo

v mi cc.

57

Trong trng hp cc nm su, phi xt n tnh trng b mt xung

quanh cc trong thi cng.
(c) H s phn lc ngang ca t nn
k h = f rk (0 ,6 E o D 3 / 4 )

(10.1.7-7)
3

y; k h : H s phn lc ngang ca t nn (kN/m )

:
H s hiu chnh lin quan n bin php tnh E 0 v iu kin
ti trng (xem 6.3)
2
M un bin dng t nn (kN/m )
E0:
D:
ng knh cc (m)
frk:
H s khng t nn
(d) H s phn lc ngang ca t nn chu ct ti mi cc
k sh = k v

(10.1.7-8)
3

y; k s h : H s phn lc ngang ca t nn chu ct (kN/m )

3
k v : H s phn lc thng ng ca t nn ti mi cc (kN/m )
: H s chuyn i ( = 1/3)
(2) H s phn lc t nn ca cc nhm cc dng trong thit k mng nhm cc phi
c tnh ton c xt n cc nh hng ca nhm cc.
10.1.8

Hng s n hi ca Mng cc

Hng s n hi c dng trong thit kmng cc c tnh nh sau:

(1) H s n hi thng ng ca mi cc
K v = k v Av

y; K v
kv
Av

(10.1.8-1)
: Hng s n hi ca mi cc (kN/m)
3
: H s phn lc thng ng t nn ca mi cc (kN/m )
2
: Din tch mi cc (m )

Hng s thit k phn lc t nn ca Cc khoan nhi b tng bn

trong ng vch c c b tng y bo v mi cc phi ph hp vi
bin php thi cng.
(2) Hng s n hi thng ng chu ct ca o cc
K sv = k svU l

(10.1.8-2)
58

K s v : Hng s n hi thng ng chu ct trn o cc (kN/m)

K s v : H s phn lc thng ng chu ct ca t nn trn o cc
(tf/m3) Xem 10.1.7
l : Chiu di chn vo t ca cc (m)
U : Chu vi cc (m)
(3) Hng s n hi ngang
K h = k hU l

Kh
kh
D
l

:
:
:
:

(10.1.8-3)

Hng s n hi ngang (kN/m)

3
H s phn lc ngang ca t nn (kN/m ) Xem 10.1.7
ng knh ca cc (m)
Chiu di chn vo t ca cc (m).

(4) Hng s n hi ngang ti mt bn ca mng

K hF = k hF AF

(10.1.8-4)

k h F : Hng s n hi ngang ti mt bn ca mng (kN/m)

3

k h F : H s phn lc ngang ca t nn ti mt bn mng (kN/m )

Xem 8.1.3 (2)
AF : Din tch mt bn mng (m2)
10.1.9 Gii Hn Chuyn v
Chuyn v ca mng cc c gii hn nh sau:
(1) Chuyn v ca mng cc i vi mi trng thi gii hn tr trng thi gii hn cui
khi ng t c hn ch tho mn gi tr gii hn cho chuyn v kt cu qui
nh trong 4.7 Gi tr Gii hn trong Chuyn v Kt cu v Mng v cng phi
thn trng rng khng c c chuyn v vt qu.
(2) Chuyn v i vi trng thi gii hn cui khi ng t c hn ch sao cho t s
bin dng do ca mng khng vt qu gii hn ca t s bin dng do v kt
cu cng khng c sp.
10.2 Thit k Mng Cc
10.2.1 Phng php Thit k
Mng cc, v nguyn tc, phi c thit k sao cho cc hng mc sau c tho mn
i vi mi trng thi gii hn. Tuy nhin, trong nghin cu trng thi gii hn cui khi
ng t khng cn nghin cu lc nh v lc ng xung thng ng.
(1) Nghin cu v Chu lc Thng ng.
59

Kh nng chu lc thng ng ti mi cc phi tho mn biu thc (10.2.1-1) chng

li lc thng ng thit k.
i

Vd
1 .0
Rvd

(10.2.1-1)

y; Vd : Lc thng ng thit k ti mi cc (xem 10.2.2)

Rvd : Kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k (xem 10.2.3)
i : H s kt cu
(2) Nghin cu v lc nh
Kh nng chu nh thit k ti mng cc phi ho mn biu thc (10.2.1-2) chng
li lc nh thit k.
i

Vud
1 .0
Rud

(10.2.1-2)

y; Vud : Lc nh thit k ti mi cc (xem 10.2.2)

Rvd : Kh nng chu nh thit k (xem 10.2.3)
i : H s kt cu
(3) Nghin cu chuyn v
Chuyn v ngang ca mng cc phi tho mn biu thc (10.2.1-3) chng li gii hn
chuyn v
i

d
1,0
L

(10.2.1-3)

y; d : Chuyn v thit k mng cc

L : Gi tr gii hn chuyn v mng cc (xem 10.1.9)
i : H s Kt cu
(4) Nghin cu Thn cc
Thn cc phi tho mn 10.4 thit k thn cc
(5) Nghin cu mng
Mng phi tho mn 10.5 thit k mng l mng cc
10.2.2. Lc tc dng Thit k ti Mi cc, Lc Cu kin Thit k v Chuyn v
Thit k
V nguyn tc, phn tch lc tc dng thit k ti mi cc, lc cu kin thit k v
chuyn v thit k v nhng th khc ca mng cc phi c thc hin bng vic phn
tch b khung bao gm cc cu kin nh cc, mng, dm trong t nn v mi loi

60

hng s n hi ca t qui nh trong 10.1.8. Tuy nhin, mi phn lc t nn c

gii hn trn tng ng.
Chuyn v thit k phi c tnh ton c xt n c tnh bin dng ca mng da trn
phn tch trng thi gii hn cui khi ng t.
10.2.3 Kh nng chu lc Thng ng Thit k v Sc Khng nh Thit k ca Mt cc.
(1) Kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k ti mi cc n phi c tnh bng biu thc sau:
Rvd = f rf R f + f rp R p

y;

(10.2.3-1)

Rvd : Kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k ca cc n (kN)

Rf : Kh nng chu lc ma st ln nht vung gc vi o xung quanh
cc (kN) (xem 10.2.4)
Rp : Kh nng chu lc mi cc tiu chun ca cc n (kN)
(xem 10.2.5)
frf : H s khng t nn dng tnh kh nng chu lc ngoi vi
xung quanh cc.
frp : H s khng t c dng tnh ton kh nng chu lc mi cc

(2) Kh nng khng nh thit k ti mi cc n phi c tnh bng biu thc sau:
Rud = f ru R f + W p

y;

10.2.4

Rud
Rf
fru
Wp

(10.2.3-2)

: Lc khng nh thit k ca cc n (kN)

: Kh nng chu lc mi cc tiu chun ca cc n (kN)
: H s khng t c dng tnh ton sc khng nh
: Trng lng bn thn c hiu (kN)

Kh nng Chu lc Ln nht ca o xung quanh Cc cho Mt cc

(1) Kh nng Chu lc Ln nht ca o xung quanh cc cho mt cc c tnh bng

biu thc sau:
R f = U ri li

y;

(10.2.4-1)

Rf : Kh nng Chu lc Ln nht ca o xung quanh cc (kN)

U : Chu vi (m)
ri : Cng kh nng Chu lc Ln nht ca o xung quanh cc ti
mi lp t (kN/m2)
li : dy mi lp t (m)

(2) Cng kh nng Chu lc Ln nht ca o xung quanh cc ti mi lp t

c tnh nh sau:
(a) Cc ng

61

(i) Trong trng hp cc c gia c bo v mi cc, c tnh bng biu

thc sau ph hp vi c trng ca t ti mi lp.
Trng hp t ct

r = 3 N + 30 150 ( kN / m 2 )

Trng hp t dnh

r = q u / 2 ````````` 10 N 150 ( kN / m 2 ) (10.2.4-3)

(10.2.4-2)

y; : Kh nng chu lc ln nht xung quanh o cc ca lp t

(kN/m2)
N : Gi tr N ca lp t
qu : Cng nn n hng ca lp t dnh (kN/m2)
(ii) Trong trng hp cc khng bt mi cc, phi tnh n nh hng hnh
dng mi cc.
(b) Cc khoan nhi b tng
(i)

Trong trng hp thi cng khng cn va b tn nai, biu thc sau c

p dng ph hp vi c trng ca t cho mi lp t.
Trng hp t ct

r = 5 N 200 ( kN / m 2 )

Trng hp t dnh

r = q u / 2 ````````` 10 N 150 ( kN / m 2 ) (10.2.4-5)

(10.2.4-4)

y;

: Kh nng chu lc ln nht xung quanh o cc ca lp t

(kN/m2)
N : Gi tr N ca lp t
qu : Cng nn n hng ca lp t dnh (kN/m2)

(ii) Trong trng hp thi cng bng va b tn nai, cn tnh n iu kin thi cng.
(c) Trong trng hp bin php thi cng khc, cn phi xem xt y iu
kin thi cng.
10.2.5 Kh nng Chu lc Mi cc Tiu chun ca Cc n
(1)

Kh nng chu lc Mi cc Tiu chun ca Cc n c tnh bng biu thc sau:

Rp = qpAp

(10.2.5-1)

y; Rp : Kh nng chu ti ca mi cc tiu chun (kN)

qp : Cng kh nng chu ti ca mi cc tiu chun (kN/m2)
Ap : Din tch mi cc ca cc n (m2)
(2) Cng kh nng chu ti ca mi cc tiu chun c tnh theo cc iu sau:
(a) Cc ng
(i )

Trong trng hp gia c bo v mi cc, c tnh bng cc biu thc

sau ph hp vi cc c trng ca t ti mi cc.
Trng hp t ct
62

q p = 300 N 10000 ( kN / m 2 )

(10.2.5-2)

Trng hp t si
q p = 300 N 15000 ( kN / m 2 )

(10.2.5-3)

Trng hp t dnh cht hoc mm

q p = 4 ., q u ````````` 100 N 2000 ( kN / m 2 )

(10.2.5-4)

y; qp : Cng kh nng chu ti ca mi cc tiu chun (kN/m2)

N : Gi tr N ca t nn ti mi cc tnh kh nng chu lc
q u : Cng nn n hng ca t nn ti mi cc tnh kh
nng chu lc (kN/m2)
Trong trng hp tng chu lc c xc nh r rng v t l ct hoc
l si v mi cc c ng bng hai ln ng knh cc, gi tr N ti
mi cc gi thit l N
Trong trng hp tng chu lc c xc nh r rng v t l t dnh
hoc mm v mi cc c ng bng bng ng knh cc, gi tr N
ti mi cc gi thit l N

(ii)

Trong trng hp mi cc khng c bt, c xc nh c tnh n nh

hng ca kh nng bt ti mi cc

(b) Cc B tng c ti Ch
Trong trng hp cc b tng c ti ch, c tnh bng cc biu thc
sau ph hp vi cc c tnh ca t ti mi cc
Trng hp t ct
q p = 70 N 3500 ( kN / m 2 )

(10.2.5-5)

Trng hp t si
q p = 100 N 7500 ( kN / m 2 )

(10.2.5-6)

Trng hp t dnh c hoc mm

q p = 3 q u hay 60 N 9000 ( kN / m 2 )

y;

(10.2.5-7)

qp : Cng kh nng chu ti ca mi cc tiu chun (kN/m2)

N : Gi tr N ca t nn ti mi cc tnh kh nng chu lc
q u : Cng nn n hng ca t nn ti mi cc tnh kh
nng chu lc (kN/m2)

(c) Trong trng hp phng php thi cng khc, hon ton c xc nh c tnh n
iu kin t nn v iu kin thi cng.

63

10.3 Nghin cu v iu kin Thit k c bit

10.3.1 Mng Cc trong t nn yu cu L gii c bit khi ng t

Cc nghin cu phi c thc hin trn cc hng mc sau y c tham kho cc mng
cc trong t nn yu cu L gii c bit khi ng t
(1) Trong tnh ton chuyn v v lc mt ct ca mng cc trong t nn c bit khi
thit k chng ng t, cc nghin cu phi c thc hin c xt n chuyn v
t nn trong ng t.
(2) Nu c mt a tng di y mng m trong cc gi tr t hn tp s c
chit gim hoc b qua khi thit k chng ng t, phi thc hin nghin cu y
cc gi tr t hn tp v lc quan stnh tc dng ln mng.

10.3.2 Kh nng Chu lc khng trit ca Mng Cc

(1) Kh nng chu lc thng ng cho php ca cc mng cc chu lc khng hon
ton phi c tnh ton c xt n cng v dy ca va t chu lc khng
ht v cng ca va di thp hn.
(2) Gi tr ln v gc nghing do c kt mng cc chu lc khng ht phi c
tnh ton c xt n phn b ti trng.
10.3.3 Kh nng Chu lc Mt xung quanh ca Mng Cc
(1) Ngoi nghin cu nh mt cc n, cc nghin cu phi c thc hin nh mt
nhm cc c tham kho kh nng chu lc thng ng cho php ca mt xung
quanh mng cc.
(2) Gi tr ln v gc nghing do c kt ca mt xung quanh ca mng cc, phi
c tnh ton c xt n phn b ti trng.
10.3.4 Cc nghin cu Lin quan n Ma st m ca Mng Cc.
Nu c ma st m xy ra trong mng cc, ma st ny phi c tnh n khi
nghin cu cng chu lc thng ng, ln v cng thn cc.

10.3.5 Cc nghin cu Lin quan n iu kin a hnh nh Mi dc i vi

Mng Cc.
Nu dc ca mt chu lc hay mt t nn qu dc, cc nghin cu lin quan
n kh nng chu lc, chuyn v, v cng cc cu kin ca mng cc c xt
n cc nh hng a hnh phi c thc hin.

64

10.3.6 Cc Nghin cuV Chuyn v Ngang ca t di Mng Cc.

Trong nghin cu mng cc chu nh hng chuyn v ngang ca t nn, cc
nghin cu phi c thc hin lin quan n n nh mng, chuyn v v
cng cu kin c xt n nh hng trn do chuyn v ngang.

10.3.7 Cc Cc ngn c bit

Cc nghin cu ton din phi c thc hin lin quan n kh nng chu lc
thng ng, lc mt ct v chuyn v trong thit k cc cc ngn c bit.

10.3.8 Cc mng Cc c Lch tm ln ca Nhm cc

Trong thit k mng cc c lch tm ln ca nhm cc, phi xem xt ton din
v nh hng lch tm ca nhm cc theo h s nh hng phn lc t nn v
phn b lc ngang, ngoi ra phi c cc nghin cu lin quan n chu lc thng
ng, ln v gc nghing do nh hng ca nhm cc.

10.3.9 Cc Mng Cc c Cc Cc vi ng knh Khc

Cc nghin cu ton din phi c thc hin lin quan n chu lc thng ng v
h s phn lc t nn nu ng knh cc khc nhau trong cng mt kt cu.

10.3.10 Cc Mng Cc c chnh nhau ln v Chiu di Cc

Nu chiu di cc chnh nhau nhiu trong cng mt kt cu, cc nghin cu phi
c thc hin v phn b ti trng v xon trn mi cc c xt n chnh v
h s n hi ca mi cc.

10.3.11 Mng Cc c Cc l Kt cu cong

(1) a hnh, a cht v sc khng ngang ca cc phi c nghin cu ton din khi
thit k cc mng cc c kt cu l cc cong.
(2) Trong ct n c mng cc kt cu khung cng loi cc n khng c dm hoc
di t, phi nghin cu ton din lin quan n cc chi tit lin kt ct v u
c, lc thng ng, lc khng ngang, h s phn lc t nn v bin php tnh ton
kt cu.

10.3.12 Cc c ng knh c bit Ln

Trong thit k Cc c ng knh c bit ln, phi nghin cu ton din v kh
nng chu lc thng ng thit k, h s phn lc t nn thit k v..v v kh nng
thi cng.
65

10.3.13 Mng Cc c B cho

Trong thit k mng cc c b cho, kh nng chu lc thng ng v thn kt cu
phi c nghin cu c xt n gc cho v hnh dng b cc.

10.3.14 Mng Cc c B cc vi cc Kch thc Ngang cc Ln.

Mng Cc c b vi kch thc chiu ngang cc k ln phi c thit k c xt
n cng ca b v cc c tnh n hi ca cc.
.
10.3.15 Cc Nghin cu khi Thc hin Thi cng theo Phn k
Trong trng hp kt cu c xy dng do thi cng phn k v sau khi thi cng
kt cu c chc nng l nh mt vt th ton din, bt k nh hng c th no do
thi cng phn k u phi c nghin cu.

10.3.16 Cc Cc c Thi cng bng Phng php c bit

Trong trng hp cc khng c nu ra trong mc phn loi v mt ct ngang
c th hin trong 10.1.3, thit k v thi cng phi c nghin cu k.

10.3.17 Kh nng chu lc Cho php ca Cc bng Th Ti

(1) Trong trng hp kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k v n hi thng ng
thit k ca cc l khng i c phn tch bng th ti thng ng, gi tr phn
tch v kt qu th ti phi c kim tra v iu chnh.
(2) Trong trng hp m kh nng chu lc nh cc c phn tch bng th nghim
nh cc, gi tr thit k v kt qu th nh cc phi c kim tra v iu chnh.
Trong trng hp h s phn lc ngang t nn thit k ca cc c phn tch
bng th nghim th ti ngang ca cc, gi tr phn tch v kt qu th ti phi
c kim tra v iu chnh.
10.4

Thit k Thn Cc

10.4.1 Phng php Thit k Thn Cc

Khi thit k thn cc phi tun theo nhng iu khon sau:
(1) Cng ng sut pht trin trong thn cc phi c tnh bng cc tiu chun RC
t lc mt ct nhn c trong 10.2.2
(2) Cng ng sut c tnh trong (1) ca mi trng thi ti trng phi bng hoc
nh hn cng ng sut cho php trong 3.1.

66

10.4.2 Lin kt gia Cc v B

Thng thng, lin kt gia cc v b phi to ra c mt kt cu lin kt cng v
c thit k vi an ton tho mn chng li c lc mt ct trn u cc.
10.4.3 Cc B tng Ct thp (RC)
(1) Cc Cc c s dng nh l cc cc RC phi c cng cht lng hoc cao hn
c qui nh trong tiu chun JIS (Xem 6.1)
(2) Cc mi ni hin trng phi l cc mi lp rp kim loi bng cc inh c hn
qua mt xung quanh cc, v c cng hoc ln hn cng ca thn cc.
(3) u cc hay mi cc phi tht an ton khi ng cc.

10.4.4 Cc B tng ct thp Cng cao kiu Ly tm D ng lc (PHC)

(1) Cc cc c dng nh cc cc PHC phi l cc cc c cht lng bng hoc cao
hn cht lng c qui nh trong Tiu chun JIS (Xem 6.1)
(2) Cc mi ni hin trng phi l cc mi lp rp kim loi bng cc inh c hn
qua mt xung quanh cc, v c cng hoc ln hn cng ca thn cc.
(3) V nguyn tc, ti u cc c thn chnh, cc thanh ct thp phi c b tr c
th lin kt vi b mng.
(4) Cc u cc hay mi cc phi tht an ton khi ng cc.
10.4.5 Cc ng thp B tng (SC)
(1) Cc cc c kim sot cht lng tht chnh xc sao cho cng cn thit c
m bo trong mi lc, phi c s dng nh cc cc SC (Xem 6.1).
(2) Cc ng thp c dng lm cc SC phi c cht lng bng hoc cao hn cht
lng c qui nh trong Tiu chun JIS.
(3) Chiu dy c hiu ca ng thp phi bng hoc ln hn 4 mm.
(4) Cc mi ni hin trng phi c ni bng kim loi v c hn bng h quang
qua b mt xung quanh v phi c cng hoc ln hn cng ca thn cc chnh.
(5) Cc u cc hay mi cc phi tht an ton khi ng cc.
10.4.6 Cc ng thp v Cc Thp Mt ct ch H
(1) Cc ng thp v cc thp c mt ct ch H phi c cht lng bng hoc ln hn
cc sn phm ca Tiu chun JIS (Xem 6.1).
(2) Chiu dy c hiu ca ng vch phi bng hoc ln shn 6 mm.
67

(3) Vic thay i vt liu hay chiu dy ng vch phi c tin hnh ch sau khi
nghin cu k v phn b lc mt ct trn cc v kh nng gia cng n.
(4) Cng mi ni trong nh my ca cc ng thp (phn hn chu vi trong nh
my) phi c cht lng bng hoc cao hn ca cc.
(5) Mi ni hin trng (mi ni hn chu vi ngoi hin trng) ca cc ng thp phi
c hn xung quanh bng h quang c ng hn bin ngu hon ton v phi
c lm ch c cng ng sut pht sinh trong cc tht nh.
(6) Mi ni hin trng ca cc thp c hnh ch H phi c hn bin ngu hon
ton bng h quang, hn gc bng tm ni hoc ni bng inh cng cao, v
phi c lm ch c cng ng sut pht sinh trong cc tht nh.
(7) Cc u cc hay mi cc phi tht an ton khi ng cc.

10.4.7 Cc c ti ch
(1) Thng thng, v tr t cc ct thp ch ca cc c ti ch s c ch r trong
Bng10.4.7
Bng 10.4.7 V tr cc ct thp ch ca cc c ti ch
Hng mc

Gi tr ti thiu

Gi tr tr ln nht

Lng ct thp (%)

0,2

6,0

ng knh (mm)

19

38

S lng (mi cc)

C ly chun (mm)

Hai ln ng knh thanh ct

thp hoc hai ln kch c ln
nht ca ct liu th

400

Tt c cc cc
ng vch

140

Cc ngc
Reverse

120

Cc khoan t

150

Lp bo v ct
thp (mm)

(2) Nu lng thanh ct thp c s lng thanh ct thp ch c chit gim, phn b
lc mt ct ca cc phi c nghin cu k.
(3) Thng thng, cc mi ni cc ct thp ch phi c ni chng ln nhau v,
ngoi ra phi chn ch tho mn c lc mt ct, tp trung vo mt ch phi nn
trnh ti mc c th.

68

(4) ng knh ct gi phi bng hoc ln hn 10 mm, c ly tim cc ct ga phi bng

hoc nh hn 20 ln ng knh thanh ct thp ch hay bng 48 ln hoc ln hn
ng knh ct gi.
(5) Cc thanh c ch to thch hp c dng lm thnh lng thp v phi c
t cho ct dng khi thi cng. Cc con cch (ct thp) phi c t m bo
lp bo v cn thit khi thi cng.
10.4.8 Cc Cc t Su trong t
(1) V tr cc ct ch ca cc t su trong t, thng l, phi tun theo Bng 10.4.8.
Bng 10.4.8 V tr cc ct thp ch ca cc t su trong t
Hng mc

Gi tr nh nht

Ga tr ln nht

ng knh (mm)

19

38

S lng (mi cc)

C ly chun (mm)

Hai ln ng knh thanh ct

thp hay bng hai ln kch
thc ln nht ca ct liu
th.

Lp bo v cc ct
thp ch (mm)

100

500

(2) ng knh ct gi phi bng hoc ln hn 10 mm, khong cch thc tim ct gi
phi bng hoc nh hn 20 ln ng knh cac sthanh ct thp ch, hay bng hoc
nh hn 48 ln ng knh ct gi.
(3) Cc ct thp ch to thch hp phi c dng b tr cho cc ct thp dng.
10.5 Thit k B mng cc
10.5.1 Thit k B ca Mng Cc
Thit k b mng cc phi tun theo cc hng mc sau:
(1) Cng ng sut trong b mng phi c tnh bng cac stiu chun RC t mt
ct nhn c trong 10.2.2
(2) Cng ng sut c tnh trong (1) phi nh hn cng ng sut cho php
ch ra trong 3.1.
10.5.2 Chi tit Kt cu ca B Mng Cc
(1) C ly k t mp ngoi ca b:
(a) Phi bng hoc ln hn 250 mm khi ng knh cc bng hoc nh hn 500
mm v bng hoc ln hn bn knh cc nu ng knh cc bng hoc ln
hn 500 mm. Tuy nhin, ln nht phi bng 1 m.
(b) Trong trng hp h cc n ca ct n, n phi bng hoc ln hn 250
mm.
69

(2) Chiu cao c hiu ca b

Ngay c ch nh nht, chiu cao c hiu ca b, thng l, phi bng hoc ln hn
ng knh cc.
(3) B tr cc thanh ct thp trong b cc
Thng thng, cc thanh ct thp ch v cc thp phn b trong phn thp hn ca
b phi c b tr bng hoc nh hn 1/2 khong cch tim cc v, bng hoc nh
hn 200mm.

70

Chng 11

Mng ging c Cc ng thp

11.1 S lc v Mng ging c Cc ng thp

11.1.1 Nguyn tc Thit k

Mng ging c cc ng thp c thit k sao cho trong thi gian tui th thit k, kt
cu tng trn ca n c th c an ton v chu c chuyn v v hi.
11.1.2 t nn Chu lc
Mng ging h c cc ng thp phi c t trn lp t nn c kh nng chu lc cn
thit, phi c chn sau khi xem xt k cc iu kin kt cu tng trn , h thng chu
ti ca mng v hiu qu ca bin php thi cng.
11.1.3 Cng kh nng chu lc xung quanh cc ln nht v cng kh
nng chu lc thng ng ti hn ca mi cc ng thp ca mng ging.
Cng kh nng chu lc xung quanh cc ln nht ca mng ging c cc
ng thp v cng kh nng chu lc thng ng ti hn ca mi kt cu s
nhn c nh sau:
1) Cng kh nng chu lc xung quanh cc ln nht
Cng kh nng chu lc xung quanh cc ln nht c tnh trn cng thc sau
y, ph thuc vo cc c trng ca t cho mi lp t.
Trong trng hp t ct, =

2N 100 (kN/m)

Trong trng hp t dnh, = qu/2 hoc 10N 150 (kN/m)

(11.1.3-1)
(11.1.3-2)

y; : Cng kh nng chu lc xung quanh cc ln nht ca va t (kN/m )

N: Gi tr N
qu: Cng kh nng chu lc nn mt trc (kN/m)
2) Kh nng chu lc thng ng ti hn ca nh mng ging chm h c cc ng thp.
Kh nng chu lc thng ng phi c tnh bng cng thc sau:
Trong trng hp (L/d) <5, qp =

40/d. L/dN (kN/m)

Trong trng hp (L/d) 5, qp =

200/dN

(11.1.3-

3)

71

(kN/m)

(11.1.3-4

 y; qp : Cng ng sut chu lc ti im xt ca cc (kN/m2)

d : ng knh ca cc ng thp ch (m) khng tnh b mn
N : Gi tr N tnh kh nng chu lc ti t nn ca mng ch u cc
L : di twong ng xuyn vo tng chu lc (m)
11.1.4 H s Thit k ca Phn lc t nn

H s thit k ca phn lc t nn ca mng ging chm h c cc ng thp

phi c tnh nh sau:
(1)

H s phn lc thng ng thit k ca t nn

kv

f(1,3 EoBv-3/4)

(11.1.4-1)

y; kv : H s phn lc thng ng ca t nn (kN/m)

: H s iu chnh tnh ton Eo (Xem 6.3)
Eo: M un bin dng t nn c dng trong thit k (kN/m) (Xem
6.3)
Bv: Chiu rng tnh i (m/hng thng ng), c ng knh ca cc
ng thp ch d c s dng nh vy
f: H s khng t nn
(2)

H s phn lc ngang thit k ca t nn

Kh

f(0,03 EoBh-3/4)

(11.1.4-

2)
y;

Kh: Hng s n hi ngang (kN/m)

: H s hiu chnh tnh Eo ( Xem 6.3)
Eo:

H s bin dng t nn (kN/m)

(Xem 6.3 )

Bh : B rng chuyn i (/ hng ngang) ca mt trc mng

f: H s khng t nn
(3)

H s khng t nn chu ct thit k ti mt y mng

k = 0,4 kv

3)
y;

k: H s phn lc t nn chu ct (kN/m)

kv : H s phn lc t nn thng ng (kN/m)

72

(11.1.4-

11.1.5 Gi tr Gii hn Chuyn v

Gi tr gii hn chuyn v phi l cc gi tr nh sau:
(1) Gi tr gii hn chuyn v ca ging chm h c cc ng thp cho mi trng thi gii
hn tr trng thi gii hn cui khi ng t phi p ng c cc yu cu gi tr
gii hn v chuyn v nu ra trong 4.7 v gi tr gii hn l gi tr c nh t kh
nng chu lc ca mng, v...v.
(2) Gi tr gii hn cho trng thi gii hn khi ng t phi c xc nh sao cho t
s do ca mng khng vt qu gi tr t s do v kt cu khng c sp .
11.2 Thit k Mng ca Ging c Cc ng thp

11.2.1 Phng php Thit k

Trong thit k mng ging c cc ng thp, cc hng mc sau y phi c p ng:
(1) Kim tra chu lc thng ng
V mi trng thi gii hn khng k trng thi gii hn cui trong thi gian ng t,
kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k ca cc ng thp phi tho mn yu cu ca Cng
thc 11.2.1-1 c xt n phn lc thng ng thit k ca t nn sinh ra ti mp y
ca ging c cc ng thp.
i Ro/R 1,0
(11.2.1-1)
y;

Ro : Phn lc thng ng ln nht thit k ca t nn c cc ng thp

(Xem 11.2.2)
R: Kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k ca cc ng thp (Xem 11.2.3)
i: H s kt cu

(2) Kim tra v sc nh

Khi kim tra v mi trng thi gii hn khng k trng thi gii hn cui khi ng t,
lc nh thit k phi c loi ra, v nguyn tc.
(3) Kim tra v chuyn v
V mi trng thi gii hn, gi tr chuyn v ngang thit k phi tho mn yu cu ca
Cng thc 11.2.1-2 v gi tr gii hn chuyn v ca ging c cc ng thit k.

i / 1,0

(11.2.1-2)

y; : Gi tr chuyn v ngang thit k ca mng ging c cc ng thp

( Xem 11.2.2)

73

 : Gi tr gii hn ca lng chuyn v ngang ca ging cc ng thp (Tham

kho 11.1.5)

i : H s kt cu
(4) Kim tra v cng v ti th cc cu kin ca kt cu
Kim tra v mi trng thi gii hn, phi c m bo v khng nh rng cng v
tui th ca mi cu kin ca mng ging chm c cc ng thp tho mn yu cu theo
qui nh trong 11.4.
12.2.2 Lc Mt ct Thit k, lng Chuyn v Thit k v Phn lc t nn Thit k.
Lc mt ct thit k, lng chuyn v thit k v phn lc t nn thit k ca mng
ging chm c cc ng thp s c c nh sau:
(1) V nghuyn tc, mng ging chm c cc ng thp phi c tnh nh chiu di c
hn ca dm tnh ton lc mt ct thit k v lngchuyn v thit k. Khi cn
nhc v cng chu un ca thn mng ch, php tnh phi c lm vi h s
phn lc ngang thit k ca t nn ti mt trc mng, h s phn lc thng ng
thit k ca t nn v h s phn lc t nn chu ct thit k ca mt trc mng.
Tuy nhin, phi gi thit rng mi phn lc t nn thit k nn c gi tr gii hn trn.
Lng chuyn v thit k i vi trng thi gii hn cui khi ng t, phi c
tnh ton c xt n cng do ca mng.
(2) Trong trng hp xuyn vo t ca cc ng thp nh hn 1.5 ln chiu rng ca
hng cht ti thm, lc mt ct thit k ca cc ng thp phi c thit k nh
lc mt ct thit k mng nhm cc c nh cc c t vo mp y ca b cht
ti thm, cng ging nh (1).
1) Phn lc t nn thng ng ln nht thit k ca cc ng thp ti mp y ca
ging chm phi c tnh bng cng thc sau:
Ro =

NB/n

(MB /IB ) y

N=

No

W -U

(11.2.2-1)
(11.2.2-2)

y; Ro : Phn lc t nn thng ng ln nht thit k tc dng ln mt (1)

cc ng thp (kN)
NB : Ti trng thng ng c hiu tc dng ln mt y ca b cht ti
thm (kN)
No : Ti trng thng ng tc dng ln mt nh ca b cht ti thm (kN)
W: Trng lng bn thn ca b v cht ti thm (kN)
U: Lc y ni tc dng ln mng (kN)
n : Tng s (ci) cc ng thp, k c cc c lp s c ng thm
xung quanh kt cu.
MB : M men un ti mt y (kN.m) v c tnh theo (1)

74

IB :
y:

Tng ton b din tch c c ly t tim trc mng n tm trc ca mi

cc ng thp khng k cc c lp bn trong c ng trong phm vi
xung quanh kt cu (pc.m2)
C ly t tim trc mng n cc ng thp t bn ngoi xa nht.

12.2.3 Kh nng Chu lc Thng ng Thit k

Kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k ca mng ging chm h c cc ng

thit k phi c tnh bng cng thc sau:
R=

frpqpAp +

frf U/n ili

(11.2.3-1)

y;
R : Kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k ca mt cc ng thp
thit k (kN)
qp : Cng ng sut chu lc ca cc ti im xt (Xem 11.1.3)
Ap : Din tch mi cc, din tch mt ct ngang cc (m)
n: S (ci) cc ng thit k to thnh ging, k c nhng cc c
lp s c ng ring trong phm vi xung quanh kt cu.
U : Chiu di ca ng chu vi xung quanh ng bn ngoi mng
ging chm h (m)
i : Kh nng chu lc chu vi ln nht trong lp t th i ca ging
(kN/m) (Xem 11.1.3)
dy ca tng va i ()
H s khng t v hng kh nng chu lc mi cc
H s khng t v hng kh nng chu lc chu vi

li :
frp :
frf :

11.2.4 Lc khng Nh Thit k

Lc khng nh thit k ca mng ging chm c cc ng thp phi c tnh nh sau:
Rud

fru U/n ili + W'

(11.2.4-1)

y;
Rud
n
U
i
li

: Lc khng nh thit k ca mi cc ng thp to thnh ging (kN)

: S (ci) cc ng thpto thnh ging, k c cac cc c lp c ng
ring trong phm vi xung quanh kt cu.
: Chiu di ca ng chu vi xung quanh ng bn ngoi mng ging
chm h (m).
: Kh nng chu lc chu vi ln nht trong lp t th i ca ging (kN/m)
(Xem 11.1.3)
: Chiu dy lp th i ()
75

W'

: Trng lng c hiu ca cc ng thp, v b tng v t bn lp trong cc

phi c xem xt.

f ru

: H s khng t

11.3 Kim tra cc iu kin Thit k c bit

Nu c iu kin thit k c bit trong thit k mng ging chm h c cc ng thp,
nhng iu kin c bit phi c lu , v mng phi c thit k sao cho kh
nng chu lc, lng chuyn v v tui th ca cc cu kin phi tho mn an ton
yu cu.
11.4 Thit k Cu kin ca Mng ging c Cc ng thp

11.4.1 Phng php Thit k

Cc cu kin ca mng ging c cc ng thp c thit k nh sau:
1) Trong s cc cu kin to thnh mng ging c cc ng thp, cc ng thp phi
c thit k sao cho cng ng sut phi hp gia cng ng sut dc trc
c tnh trong 11.4.2 v cng ng sut d xy ra ti thi im lm vng vy
tm thi khng c vt qu gi tr gii hn ch ra trong 11.4.3 cho mi trng thi
gii hn.
2) Cc cu kin khc vi cc ng thp, khi kim tra mi trng thi gii hn tr trng
thi gii hn s dng ti thi gian ng t, s c thit k sao cho lc mt ct
thit k do lc bn ngoi tc dng sinh ra sau khi thi cng, khng c vt qu tnh
bn ca mt ct thit k.

11.4.2 Tnh ton Cng ng sut ca Cc ng thp

Cng ng sut dc trc sinh ra trong ng thp do ti trng sau khi thi cng, phi
c tnh, da trn c s lc mt ct ngang thit k nhn c t 11.2.2.

11.4.3 Gi tr Gii hn Cng ng sut ca Cc ng thp

Gi tr gii hn cng ng sut ca cc ng thp phi c xc nh c tnh n
cng ng sut d ti thi im ng cc.

11.4.4 B cht Ti thm

B cht ti thm ca mng ging c cc ng thp phi c thit k c tnh n cng
ca b v tr, trng thi lin kt ca b v cc ng thp.

76

11.4.5 Mi ni gia Cc ng thp v B cht ti thm

Mi ni gia cc ng thp v b cho mng ging c cc ng thp cng lm vic nh
vng vy tm phi c thit k sao cho ti trng t vo b c th truyn chnh xc vo
thn chnh ca ging.
11.5 Nhng iu kin Thit k chi tit ca Mng ging c ng thp v..v.

11.5.1 Cc ng thp ch
i vi cc cc ng thp ch, cc kch thc ph hp phi c chn, trong trng hp
c e do v bin dng trong lc lin kt hoc ng cc, phi c bin dng ngn
chn bin dng .
Ngoi ra, cng vic hn chu vi cc cc ng thp ch ngoi hin trng phi c an
ton chng li c ng sut v ti trng sinh ra trong qu trnh ng cc v sau khi
hon thin thi cng.

11.5.2 Mi ni cc Cc ng thp
Mi ni cc cc ng thp phi c chn l nhng mi ni c kch thc ph hp, v
mi cc phi c mt kt cu gi c mc trn ln ca ct hoc t mc thp
nht c th.

11.5.3 Tip xc gia Cc ng thp v B cht ti thm

Tip xc gia cc ng thp v b cht ti thm phi c thit k sao cho ti trng t
kt cu tng trn xung b c th truyn c xung cc ng thp.

11.8.4 B tng lp Cc ng thp

Cc ng ni gn ch tip xc gia cc ng thp v b cht ti thm phi c gia c
bng cch lp b tng vo cc ng ni.

11.5.5 X l cc ng ni ca cc Cc ng thp
t phi c moi ht ra t bn trong cc ng ni, v lp va v cc ng ni.

11.5.6 B tr thanh thp Gia c cho B cht ti thm

Lng ct thp ch ca b, c tnh ton t mt ct, phi c b tr theo dng mt li.
77

78

Chng 12

Mng ging kiu c tng lin tc

12.1 S lc v Mng ging chm Kiu c Tng lin tc

12.1.1 iu kin Thit k

Mng ging chm kiu c tng lin tc phi c thit k sao cho kt cu tng trn ca
n phi c mt cch an ton v chu c nhng chuyn v v hi trong sut thi
gian tui th thit k.

12.1.2 t nn Chu lc
Mng ging chm h c tng lin tc phi c t trn nn t c kh nng chu lc
cn thit, phi xt n cc iu kin ca kt cu tng trn, h thng chu ti ca mng
v hiu qu ca bin php thi cng.

12.1.3 Kh nng Chu lc chu vi Ln nht v Kh nng Chu lc Thng ng ti

hn ca nh mng
Kh nng chu lc chu vi ln nht v kh nng chu lc thng ng ti hn ca nh
mng ging kiu tng lin tc phi c nhn theo:
1) Kh nng chu lc chu vi ln nht
Kh nng chu lc chu vi ln nht phi c tnh, ph thuc vo cc c trng ca mi
lp t, nh sau:
Trong trng hp s dng b tn nai l cht lng to n nh vt qu mt mc nht
nh, cc iu kin thi cng v..v. l phi c xt n.
Trong trng hp t ct, = 5N 200 (kN/m)

(12.1.3-1)

Trong trng hp t dnh, = qu/2 or 10N 150 (kN/m)

(12.1.3-2)

y; :
N:
qu :

Kh nng chu lc chu vi ln nht ca tng t (kN/m )

Gi tr N
Cng chu nn mt trc (kN/m)

2) Kh nng chu lc thng ng ca nh mng

Kh nng chu lc thng ng gii hn phi c tnh bng cc cng thc sau, ph
thuc vo iu kin t trn nh mng:

79

Trng hp t ct,

qp= 70N 3500 (kN/m)

(12.1.3-3)

Trng hp ct si,

qp= 100N 7500 (kN/m)

(12.1.3-4)

Trng hp t dnh, qp = 3 qu hoc 60N 9000 (kN/m)

y;

qp :
N:

Cng ng sut chu lc ca cc ti im xt

Gi tr N

qu :

Cng ng sut chu nn mt trc (kN/m)

(12.1.3-5)

12.1.4 H s Phn lc t nn Thit k

H s phn lc t nn thit k, v nguyn tc, phi xt n khng ch kt qu
kho st a cht v th nghim t m c cc iu kin kt cu ca mng v cc
c trng v kh nng chu lc v..v. cng phi xt.

12.1.5 Gi tr Gii hn lng Chuyn v

Gi tr gii hn lng chuyn v phi theo:
1) V mi trng thi gii hn khng k trng thi gii hn cui vo thi gian ng t,
gi tr gii hn lng chuyn v phi tho mn git gii hn qui nh trong 4.7 v
gi tr gii hn nhn c t kh nng chu lc ca mng v..v.
2) V trng thi gii hn cui vo thi im ng t, gi tr gii hn lng chuyn v
phi c xc nh sao cho t s do ca mng khng c vt qu gia str gii
hn ca t s do v khng xy ra hin tng kt cu mng b sp.

12.1.6 y ca Tng
1) dy chnh thc ca tng c mng kiu tng lin tc phi ln hn 800mm.
2) dy c hiu ca tng tnh ton thit k phi nh sau:
(1) tnh ton n nh, phn lc t nn thit k v nhng lc khc, chiu dy
c hiu ca tng phi l dy chnh thc nh tham kho trn.
(2) Chiu dy c hiu ca tng tnh lc mt ct thit k, cng ng sut v
tnh bn ca mt ct thit k phi l dy dy tng chnh thc tr i
40mm.
12.2 Thit k Mng ging Kiu tng Lin tc

12.2.1 Phng php Thit k

V mi trng thi gii hn, mng ging kiu tng lin tc phi c thit k sao cho
cc iu kin sau y phi c p ng. V trng thi gii hn cui khi ng t, vic
kim tra kh nng chu lc thng ng l khng cn thit.
80

1) Kim tra kh nng chu lc thng ng

Kh nng chu lc thng ng ti nh b cht ti thm ca mng ging chm h c
tng kiu lin tc lin quan n ti trng thng ng thit k phi tho mn iu
kin ca Cng thc 12.2.1-1.

i V/Rvd 1,0
y;

Vtd
Rvd

(12.2.1-1)

: Ti trng thng ng thit k ti nh b

: Kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k (Xem 12.2.3 )
: H s kt cu

2) Kim tra chuyn v v nghing thit k, lin quan n gi tr gii hn ca

chuyn v ca m
3) ng ging c kiu tng lin t, phi tho mn cc iu kin nh qui nh trong
Cng thc 12.2.1-2 v 12.2.1-3.

i d/L 1,0
i d/L 1,0
y;

d
L
d
L
i

(12.2.1-2)
(12.2.1-3)

: Lng chuyn v thit k ca mng (Xem 12.2.2)

: Gi tr gii hn lng chuyn v ngang ca mng (Xem 12.1.5)
: nghing thit k ca mng (Xem 12.2.2)
: Gi tr gii hn nghing ca mng (Xem 12.1.5)
: H s kt cu

4) Kim tra v cng v tnh bn ca cc cu kin mng

Cng v tnh bn ca cc cu kin mng to thnh kt cu mng phi tho mn cc
yu cu nh qui nh trong 12.4.
12.2.2 Lng Chuyn v v Phn lc t nn Thit k
V nghun tc, lng chuyn v v phn lc t nn thit k ca mng ging chm h c
tng kiu lin tc phi c thit k bng cch xem xt k cng chu un ca thn
mng chnh v s dng h s phn lc t nn thit k trong 12.1.4. Tuy nhin, cng
phn lc t nn thit k ni trn phi c gi tr gii hn trn ca n.
Lng chuyn v thit k itng thi gii hn cui khi ng t phi c tnh ton c
xt n c trng bin dng ca mng.
12.2.3 Kh nng Chu lc Thng ng Thit k
Kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k ti nh b cht ti thm ca mng nhn c theo:
1) Trong trng hp y t nn l t hoc mm, kh nng chu lc thng ng
81

thit k phi c tnh bng nhng cng thc sau:

Rvd = frpRp
+ ff Rf - W' + e' DfA'
(12.2.3-1)
Rp = qpA'
(12.2.3-2)
Rf = U i li + U'i'li'
(12.2.3-3)
y; Rvd
Rp
Rf
W'
e'

: Kh nng chu lc thng ng thit k ti nh b (kN)

: Kh nng chu lc ngang ti hn ca mt trc mng (kN)
: Kh nng chu lc chu vi ca mng (kN)
: Trng lng c hiu ca mng (kN)
: Trng lng c hiu trung bnh trn khi lng n v ca t trong din
tch Df
Df : Chiu su c hiu xuyn vo t (m)

A'

: Din tch chu lc c hiu ca y mng ()

qp
U
U'

: Cng ng sut chu lc ca cc ti im xt (kN/m) (Xem 12.1.3)

: Chiu di xung quanh mt bn ngoi mng (m)
: Chiu di xung quanh mt bn trong mng (m)

: Kh nng chu lc chu vi ln nht ca mi tng t ti mt bn ngoi xung

i'
li
li'
frp

quanh mng (kN/m) (Xem 12.1.3 Kh nng chu lc chu vi ln nht v

kh nng chu thng ng gii hn ca nh mng)
: Kh nng chu lc chu vi ln nht ca mi tng t ti mt bn trong xung
quanh mng (kN/m)
: Chiu dy ca mi tng ti mt xung quanh bn ngoi mng (m)
: Chiu dy ca mi tng ti mt xung quanh bn trong mng (m)
: H s khng t tnh kh nng chu lc thng ng ca nh mng

ff : H s khng t tnh kh nng chu lc chu vi

2) Trong trng hp t nn ti y c to thnh t cng, kh nng chu lc thng
ng thit k phi c xc nh vi nhng h s v cng ti t nn, trng
thi phong ho v tn ti vt nt v..v.
12.3 Kim tra cc iu kin Thit k c bit
Trong trng hp c cc iu kin thit k c bit, nhng iu kin nn c quan
tm xc ng, v mng ging chm c h kiu tng lin tc phi c thit k sao cho
m bo c an ton yu cu v mt chu lc, chuyn v c tnh bn ca cu
kin .
12.4 Thit k cc Cu kin c Mng ging chm H kiu Tng lin tc

82

12.4.1 Phng php Thit k cc Cu kin

Cc cu kin ca mng phi c thit k nh sau:
1) Cng ng sut v lc mt ct thit k ca mi cu kin ca mng ging chm h
c kiu tng lin tc phi c tnh theo 12.4.2 n 12.5 v Tiu chun b tng.
2) V mi trng thi gii hn khng k trng thi gii hn s dng trong ng t,
cwongf ng sut hoc lc mt ct c tnh trong 1), khng c vt qu gi tr
gii hn ca cng ng sut hoc hoc bn mt ct thit k theo Tiu chun
b tng.
12.4.2 Kt cu Ging chm H
Kt cu ging chm h phi c thit k, v mi trng thi gii hn cn thit sau khi
thi cng xong, bng cch s dng lc mt ct thit k v phn lc t nn thit k theo
12.2.2.
12.4.3 Lin kt gia cc Thnh phn
V nguyn tc, lin kt gia cc thnh phn ca mng ging chm h c tng kiu lin
tc phi l kiu lin kt cng, v phi c thit k sao cho an ton ca lin kt
chng li lc mt ct thit k sinh ra ti lin kt, phi c m bo ph hp.
12.4.4 B cht Ti thm
B mng ging chm h c tng lin tc phi c thit k, xem xt k mi quan h
vi hnh dng tip xc gia tng ngn lin tc v b, iu kin tip xc v hnh dng
ca tr cu.
12.4.5 Lin kt ca cc Khi ging chm
Lin kt ca cc khi ging chm phi c thit k sao cho cng chng li c
cng ng sut sinh ra ti lin kt khng ch ti lc sau thi cng xong m c trong
qu trnh thicng.
12.4.6 Tip xc gia Tng lin tc v B mng
Tip xc gia tng lin tc v b mng phi c thit k sao cho mt tip xc c
an ton m bo chng li c lc mt ct thit k c sinh ra do cng chu ko
v chu ct sau khi thi cng xong.
12.5 Cc iu kin Kt cu Chi tit ca Mng ging chm H c kiu Tng Lin tc

83

12.5.1 B tr Thanh thp Ct thp

Cc thanh ct thp cho kt cu mng c b tr nh sau:
1) Thanh thp Gai phi c dng cho tt c nhng thanh ct thp ch.
2) Cc thanh ct thp ch phi c b tr trong mt tng t n l, v khng c b
tr kt hp.
3) Khi lng ti thiu cc thanh ct thp phi nh sau:
(a) Hng thng ng
i) Trong trng hp nh hng theo hng trc l tri hn
V nguyn tc, ct thp phi c b tr khng ch ln hn 0,8% tng mt
ct ngang b tng tnh theo yu cu m cn phi ln hn 0,15% ca ton
b mt ct ngang b tng theo hng thng ng.
ii) Trong trng hp nh hng t m men un l tri hn
V nguyn tc, ct thp chu ko phi c b tr ln hn 0,30% mt ct
ngang c hiu ca b tng theo hng thng ng.
(b) Hng nm ngang
Trong trng hp nh hng t m men un l l ni tri, t l ct thp chu
ko phi ln hn 0,2 %.
4) ng knh cc thanh ct thp ch v cc bc b tr ct thp phi c b tr c
tnh n cng ca khung thp, kh nng un v gia cng ca thanh thp trong
qu trnh b tng.
5) Lp ph bo v cho cc thanh ct thp ch phi ln hn 150mm k t b mt tng ngn.

12.5.2 Hp Lin kt
1) Khi thit k phn hp lin kt, cng v cng ca n ngn chn bin dng
ln sinh ra do b tng vo nhng b phn trc phi c xem xt k lng.
2) Khi thit k tm pa nen mt bn ca hp lin kt, cng v cng ca n phi
c xt k ngn chn bin dng bn trong do p lc t sinh ra cho n lc
b tng vo nhng b phn sau v trnh c cc xung t vi mt ct thit k.
3) Kt cu hp lin kt phi l kiu m ngn c b tng mi khng b thm vo b
phn trc cn cha cng.
12.5.3 Khung Thp
1) Khung thp phi c ch to sao cho cng phi c m bo bng khung ct
thp... ngn chn c bin dng sinh ra trong khi vn chuyn, lp dng v c
nh khung. Ngoi ra, cng ca cc lin kt phi c kim tra v bin php gia
c phi c ra nu thy s khung thp s b sp.
2) Thit b chng phi c gn vo khung thp, gi c v tr ban u ca n
trn sn o thi cng lin kt cc khi ging chm v c nh ln cui cho n.
3) Cc thanh c c c nh vo khung thp sao cho lp bo v cn thit c th c
84

an ton.
4) Trong khung ct thp, phi c khng gian h c nh c ng b tng.

85

mc lc
CHng 1
nhng qui nh chung......................................................... 1
1.1 Phm vi p dng ............................................................................................... 1
CHng 2
kho st ...................................................................................... 2
2.1 Tng qut v Kho st ....................................................................................... 2
2.2 Trnh t v Ni dung Kho st............................................................................ 2
2.2.1 Trnh t Kho st......................................................................................... 2
2.2.2 Kho st S b - Th st .......................................................................... 2
2.2.3 Kho st Thit k S b .......................................................................... 2
2.2.4 Kho st Ch yu ........................................................................................ 2
2.2.5 Kho st Chi tit .......................................................................................... 3
2.3 Kho st t nn................................................................................................ 3
2.3.1 m thanh v Th nghim Xuyn Tiu chun .............................................. 3
2.3.2 Ly Mu t Nguyn dng .......................................................................... 3
2.3.3 Th nghim t trong Phng ....................................................................... 5
2.3.4 Th nghim Hin trng .............................................................................. 5
2.4
Kim tra Sng v Nhng th khc ................................................................. 10
2.5
Kho st Mi trng Thi cng........................................................................ 10
2.6
Kho st Lin quan n Cc iu kin c bit ............................................ 10
2.7
Th nghim Cht ti ........................................................................................ 11
CHng 3
K hoch thit k ............................................................... 12
3.1
iu khon C bn ca K hoch Thit k.................................................... 12
3.2
Cc nghin cu Lin quan n iu kin a hnh v t ............................ 12
3.3
Cc nghin cu Lin quan n Cc c trng ca Cc i tng Kt cu... 13
3.4
Cc nghin cu Lin quan n Mi trng Thi cng..................................... 13
3.5
Cc nghin cu Lin quan n Giai on Thi cng ....................................... 13
CHng 4
cc vn chung v thit k...................................... 14
4.1
iu khon Thit k Mng ............................................................................ 14
4.2
Tui th Thit k............................................................................................ 14
4.3
Nguyn tc Thit k........................................................................................ 14
4.4
Trng thi Gii hn c xem xt trong Thit k........................................... 14
4.5
H s An ton ................................................................................................ 14
4.6
Phn loi Phng php Thit k mng........................................................... 16
4.7
Gi tr Gii hn trong Chuyn v Kt cu v Mng ....................................... 16
4.8
Nghin cu Chuyn v Kt cu ...................................................................... 18
4.9
Mt t trong Thit k.................................................................................... 19
4.10 Chiu su Chn mng C hiu ....................................................................... 19
4.11 Mng ca cc Kt cu V nh Tnh.............................................................. 19
4.12 Cc s C hiu khi Tnh ton Thit k ........................................................... 20
Chng 5
ti trng................................................................................... 21
5.1 Tng qut......................................................................................................... 21
5.2
Gi tr c trng ca Ti trng........................................................................ 21
5.3
H s Ti trng ................................................................................................ 22
5.4
T hp Ti trng Thit k ................................................................................ 22

Chng 6
Vt liu v Gi tr thit k.................................. 24
6.1
Cht lng Vt liu ........................................................................................ 24
6.2
Gi tr c trng Thit k ca Vt liu.......................................................... 24
6.3
Gi tr c trng Thit k cc Hng s v t .............................................. 25
6.4
Gi tr Thit k Nn .............................................................................. 27
CHng 7
nghin cu v ng t................................................... 29
Tiu chun v qui nh k thut hin hnh Vit Nam c p dng..........................29
CHng 8
mng trc tip..................................................................... 30
8.1
Vn Chung v Mng Trc tip .................................................................. 30
8.1.1 iu kin Thit k ca Cc Mng Trc tip ............................................. 30
8.1.2. Nn t Chu lc ca Mng Trc tip........................................................ 30
8.1.3 H s Thit k ca Phn lc t nn......................................................... 30
8.1.4 Gi tr Gii hn Chuyn v......................................................................... 31
8.2
Thit k thng thng Mng Trc tip............................................................ 31
8.2.1 Phng php Thit k thng thng ca Mng Trc tip ........................ 31
8.2.2
Chuyn v Thit k.................................................................................... 33
8.2.3
Cng Phn lc Thng ng Thit k ca t nn .............................. 36
8.2.4
Kh nng Chu lc Thng ng Thit k .................................................. 38
8.2.5 Kh nng Chu lc Ngang Thit k ........................................................... 40
8.2.6 Nghin cu Lt ..................................................................................... 41
8.3 Nghin cu v iu kin Thit k c bit...................................................... 41
8.3.1 Trong trng hp t trn t yu ............................................................ 41
8.3.2 Trong trng hp Lp chu lc khng :................................................. 41
8.3.3 ln v nghing do C kt ............................................................... 42
8.3.4 Trong trng hp m c nhiu s Thay i ca Lp chu lc................... 42
8.3.5 Trong trng hp Mng b nh hng bi Mi dc................................. 42
8.3.6 Trong trng hp lp Chu lc Su........................................................ 42
8.3.7 Trong trng hp Mng Xin.................................................................... 42
8.3.8 Trong trng hp Mng c Kch thc Ngang Ln.................................. 42
8.3.9 Trong trng hp Thi cng c Thc hin dn dn ................................ 42
8.3.10 Kh nng Chu lc Thng ng Cho php ca Cc Mng Trc tip theo
Cc Th nghim Cht ti. ........................................................................................ 42
8.4
Phng php Thit k Mng ca Mng Trc tip.......................................... 43
CHng 9
mng ging chm.................................................................. 44
9.1 Vn Chung trong Mng ging chm ........................................................... 44
9.1.1 Yu cu Thit k ca Mng ging chm ................................................... 44
9.1.2 t nn Chu lc ca Mng ging chm.................................................... 44
9.1.3 Hnh dng v Kch thc ca Mng ging chm....................................... 44
9.1.4 K hoch H ging .................................................................................... 44
9.1.5 H s Phn lc t nn ca Mng Ging chm ........................................ 44
9.1.6 Chuyn v Cho php ca Mng ging chm .............................................. 45
9.2
Thit k Mng ging chm............................................................................... 46
9.2.1 Phng php Thit k Mng ging chm .................................................. 46
9.2.2 Chuyn v Thit k v Phn lc t nn Thit k ..................................... 47
9.2.3
Kh nng Chu lc Thng ng Thit k .................................................. 47
9.2.4
Kh nng Chu lc Ngang Thit k .......................................................... 49
9.3 Nghin cu iu kin Thit k c bit .......................................................... 50
ii

9.3.1 Trong trng hp t nn cn c X l c bit khi ng t................ 50

9.3.2
Trong trng hp Lp chu lc Khng ................................................ 50
9.3.3
Trong trng hp Ma st m xy ra ......................................................... 50
9.3.4
Trong trng hp c c im a hnh, chng hn c Dc................. 48
9.3.5
Trong trng hp p lc khng i xng hoc chuyn v Ngang ca t
nn c nh hng................................................................................................... 51
9.3.6
Mng ging chm Mt khi...................................................................... 51
9.3.7
Trong trng hp Ging chm Nhiu khi c t St nhau. ................. 51
9.3.8
Trong trng hp Kt cu c bit .......................................................... 51
9.3.8
Trong trng hp Phng php Thi cng c bit c p dng ........... 51
9.4
Thit k cho Cu kin Mng ging chm......................................................... 51
9.4.1 Phng php lun Thit k Cu kin ........................................................ 51
9.4.2
Tng Vch .............................................................................................. 51
9.4.3
M Cc ..................................................................................................... 52
9.4.4
Phn Chu lc ca M cc. ....................................................................... 52
9.4.5
Tm bn Trn ca Bung Lm vic ca Ging chm kh nn................... 52
9.4.6
Tm bn y ca Ging chm H ............................................................ 52
9.4.7
Li Ct .................................................................................................... 52
9.4.8
Tng Phng h........................................................................................ 52
9.4.9
Dm treo Tm bn Trn ca Bung lm vic ca Ging chm hi p ...... 52
9.5
Chi tit Kt cu v Nhng th Khc ................................................................ 52
9.5.1
B tng trong Ging chm hi p......................................................... 52
9.5.2
Ct thp ca Li ct................................................................................ 52
9.5.3
Ct thp phn Chu vi phn ngoi vi ca ct ............................................. 52
9.5.4
S ct trong Ging chm hi p ................................................................ 53
9.5.5
ng thot nc ca Tng ngn........................................................... 53
9.5.6
Tng ngm tm hoc Tng chn tm ................................................... 53
9.5.7
Th nghim Bn nn trong Ging chm hi p.......................................... 53
CHng 10
mng cc.................................................................................. 54
10.1 Mng cc ni Chung ...................................................................................... 54
10.1.1 iu kin Thit k Mng cc .................................................................. 54
10.1.2 t nn Chu lc ca Mng cc .............................................................. 54
10.1.3 Phn loi cc v Mt ct ngang Thit k................................................. 54
10.1.4 Cc C s B tr cc ................................................................................ 56
10.1.5 Khong cch Cc..................................................................................... 56
10.1.6 Lin kt Cc v Mng ............................................................................. 56
10.1.7 H s Phn lc t nn ca Mng Cc................................................... 56
10.1.8 Hng s n hi ca Mng cc .............................................................. 58
10.1.9 Gii hn Chuyn v.................................................................................. 59
10.2
Thit k Mng Cc ........................................................................................ 59
10.2.1 Phng php Thit k .............................................................................. 59
10.2.2. Lc tc dng Thit k ti Mi cc, Lc Cu kin Thit k v Chuyn v
Thit k ...................................................................................................................58
10.2.3
Kh nng chu lc Thng ng Thit k v Sc Khng nh Thit k ca
Mt cc............ ...................................................................................................... 59
10.2.4
Kh nng Chu lc Ln nht ca o xung quanh cc cho Mt cc ....... 61
10.2.5
Kh nng chu lc Mi cc Tiu chun ca Cc n ............................. 62
10.3
Nghin cu v iu kin Thit k c bit................................................... 64
iii

10.3.1
Mng Cc trong t nn yu cu L gii c bit khi ng t.......... 64
10.3.2
Kh nng Chu lc Khng trit ca Mng Cc ................................. 64
10.3.3
Kh nng Chu lc Mt xung quanh ca Mng Cc .............................. 64
10.3.4
Cc nghin cu Lin quan n Ma st m ca Mng Cc. ................... 64
10.3.5
Cc nghin cu Lin quan n iu kin a hnh nh Mi dc i vi
Mng Cc. .............................................................................................................. 64
10.3.6
Cc Nghin cuV Chuyn v Ngang ca t di Mng Cc. ............ 65
10.3.7
Cc Cc ngn c bit ........................................................................... 65
10.3.8
Cc mng Cc c Lch tm Ln ca Nhm cc .............................. 65
10.3.9
Cc Mng Cc c Cc Cc vi ng knh Khc.................................. 65
10.3.10 Cc Mng Cc c Chnh nhau Ln v Chiu di Cc ...................... 65
10.3.11 Mng Cc c Cc l Kt cu Cong ........................................................ 65
10.3.12 Cc c ng knh c bit Ln........................................................... 65
10.3.13 Mng Cc c B Cho............................................................................ 66
10.3.14 Mng Cc c B cc vi cc Kch thc Ngang cc Ln...................... 66
10.3.15 Cc Nghin cu khi Thc hin Thi cng theo Phn k .......................... 66
10.3.16 Cc Cc c Thi cng bng Phng php c bit ............................. 66
10.3.17 Kh nng chu lc Cho php ca Cc bng Th Ti............................... 66
10.4
Thit k Thn Cc.......................................................................................... 66
10.4.1 Phng php Thit k Thn Cc.............................................................. 66
10.4.2 Lin kt gia Cc v B........................................................................... 67
10.4.3 Cc B tng Ct thp (RC) ...................................................................... 67
10.4.4 Cc B tng Ct thp Cng cao kiu Ly tm D ng lc (PHC) ..... 67
10.4.5 Cc ng thp B tng (SC) ...................................................................... 67
10.4.6 Cc ng thp v Cc Thp Mt ct ch H.............................................. 67
10.4.7 Cc c ti ch ....................................................................................... 68
10.4.8 Cc Cc t Su trong t ....................................................................... 69
10.5
Thit k B Mng cc.................................................................................... 69
10.5.1 Thit k B ca Mng Cc ....................................................................... 69
10.5.2 Chi tit Kt cu ca B Mng Cc ........................................................... 69
Chng 11
Mng ging c Cc ng thp ....................................... 71
11.1 S lc v Mng ging c Cc ng thp ........................................................ 71
11.1.1 Nguyn tc Thit k ................................................................................. 71
11.1.2 t nn Chu lc....................................................................................... 71
11.1.3 Cng Kh nng Chu lc Xung quanh Cc ln nht v Cng Kh
nng Chu lc Thng ng Ti hn ca Mi cc ng thp ca Mng ging. ........ 71
11.1.4 H s Thit k ca Phn lc t nn......................................................... 72
11.1.5 Gi tr Gii hn Chuyn v ........................................................................ 73
11.2 Thit k Mng ca Ging c Cc ng thp .................................................... 73
11.2.1 Phng php Thit k ................................................................................ 73
12.2.2 Lc mt ct Thit k, lng Chuyn v Thit k v Phn lc t nn Thit k...74
12.2.3 Kh nng Chu lc Thng ng Thit k................................................... 75
11.2.4 Lc khng Nh thit k ............................................................................. 75
11.3 Kim tra cc iu kin Thit k c bit ...................................................... 76
11.4 Thit k Cu kin ca Mng ging c Cc ng thp...................................... 76
11.4.1 Phng php Thit k ................................................................................ 76
11.4.2 Tnh ton Cng ng sut ca Cc ng thp ....................................... 76
11.4.3 Gi tr Gii hn Cng ng sut ca Cc ng thp.............................. 76
iv

11.4.4 B cht Ti thm ........................................................................................ 76

11.4.5 Mi ni gia cc ng thp v B cht ti thm ........................................ 77
11.5 Nhng iu kin Thit k Chi tit ca Mng ging c ng thp v..v. .......... 77
11.5.1 Cc ng thp ch ...................................................................................... 77
11.5.2 Mi ni cc Cc ng thp......................................................................... 77
11.5.3 Tip xc gia Cc ng thp v B cht ti thm ...................................... 77
11.8.4 B tng lp Cc ng thp.......................................................................... 77
11.5.5 X l cc ng ni ca cc Cc ng thp .................................................. 77
11.5.6 B tr thanh thp Gia c cho B cht Ti thm.......................................... 77
Chng 12
Mng ging kiu c tng lin tc ....................... 79
12.1 S lc v Mng ging chm Kiu c Tng lin tc .................................... 79
12.1.1 iu kin Thit k ..................................................................................... 79
12.1.2 t nn Chu lc........................................................................................ 79
12.1.3 Kh nng Chu lc chu vi Ln nht v Kh nng Chu lc Thng ng ca
nh Mng.............................................................................................................. 79
12.1.4 H s Phn lc t nn Thit k ............................................................... 80
12.1.5 Gi tr Gii hn lng Chuyn v .............................................................. 80
12.1.6 Dy ca Tng..................................................................................... 80
12.2 Thit k Mng ging kiu Tng lin tc ...................................................... 80
12.2.1 Phng php Thit k ................................................................................ 80
12.2.2 Lng Chuyn v v Phn lc t nn Thit k ........................................ 81
12.2.3 Kh nng Chu lc Thng ng Thit k................................................... 81
12.3 Kim tra cc iu kin Thit k c bit ...................................................... 82
12.4 Thit k cc Cu kin c Mng ging chm h kiu tng lin tc ............... 82
12.4.1 Phng php Thit k cc Cu kin .......................................................... 83
12.4.2 Kt cu Ging chm H ............................................................................. 83
12.4.3 Lin kt gia cc Thnh phn.................................................................... 83
12.4.4 B cht Ti thm........................................................................................ 83
12.4.5 Lin kt ca cc Khi Ging chm ............................................................ 83
12.4.6 Tip xc gia Tng lin tc v B mng................................................. 83
12.5 Cc iu kin Kt cu Chi tit ca Mng Ging chm H c kiu .....................
Tng lin tc..............................................................................................................82
12.5.1 B tr Thanh thp Ct thp ........................................................................ 84
12.5.2 Hp Lin kt.............................................................................................. 84
12.5.3 Khung Thp ............................................................................................... 84

D N NNG CAO AN TON CC CU NG ST

TRN TUYN NG ST H NI THNH PH
H CH MINH

HP NG NO.VNR-B-07 DCH V T VN

QUYN VIII
KT CU MNG

Bn tho ln 1

thng 1-2007
LIN DOANH
CNG TY T V N GIAO TH NG NH T B N,
CNG TY T VN QUC T THI BNH DNG,
V C NG TY DCH V K THUT K THUT NHT BN

54