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TD Unit 2

The document summarizes four common thermodynamic cycles used in heat engines: 1) The Otto cycle uses isentropic compression and expansion processes with constant-volume heat addition and rejection. Efficiency depends on the compression ratio. 2) The Diesel cycle is similar but uses constant-pressure instead of constant-volume heat addition. Efficiency depends on the compression and cut-off ratios. 3) The Dual cycle combines aspects of Otto and Diesel cycles, with both constant-volume and constant-pressure heat addition. Efficiency depends on compression and pressure ratios. 4) The Brayton cycle uses isentropic compression and expansion separated by constant-pressure heat addition and rejection in

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57 views6 pages

TD Unit 2

The document summarizes four common thermodynamic cycles used in heat engines: 1) The Otto cycle uses isentropic compression and expansion processes with constant-volume heat addition and rejection. Efficiency depends on the compression ratio. 2) The Diesel cycle is similar but uses constant-pressure instead of constant-volume heat addition. Efficiency depends on the compression and cut-off ratios. 3) The Dual cycle combines aspects of Otto and Diesel cycles, with both constant-volume and constant-pressure heat addition. Efficiency depends on compression and pressure ratios. 4) The Brayton cycle uses isentropic compression and expansion separated by constant-pressure heat addition and rejection in

Uploaded by

Shine Son
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FORMULAE - AIR CYCLES Otto cycle:

P-V diagram for Otto cycle

T-S diagram for Otto cycle 1-2 Isentropic compression 2-3 Constant-volume heat addition 3-4 Isentropic expansion 4-1 Constant-volume heat rejection Heat supplied qin=mCv(T3-T2) Heat rejected qout=mCv(T4-T1)

Efficiency k==1.4

=(qin-qout) / qin

Mean effective pressure = Pm= P1r (r(k-1)-1)(rp-1) / (kr-1) where r is the compression ratio rp is the pressure ratio Diesel cycle:

1-2- Isentropic compression 2-3-Constant pressure heat addition 3-4-Isentropic expansion 4-1-Constant volume heat rejection Heat supplied qin=mCp(T3-T2) Heat rejected qout=mCv(T4-T1)

k==1.4 rc=Cut off ratio Pm=P1[krk(rc-1)-r(rck-1)] / (k-1)(r-1)

Dual cycle:

P-V and T-S diagrams 1-2-Isentropic compression 2-3-Constant volume heat addition 3-4-Constant pressure heat addition 4-5-Isentropic expansion 5-1-Constant volume heat rejection Heat supplied qin=mCv(T3-T2)+mCp(T4-T3) Heat rejected qout=mCv(T5-T1) = 1 (rprck-1) / rk-1[(rp-1)+rpk(rc-1)] Pm=P1[krprk(rc-1)+rk(rp-1)-r(rprck-1)] / (r-1)(k-1)

Brayton cycle:

1-2 Isentropic compression (in a compressor) 2-3 Constant-pressure heat addition 3-4 Isentropic expansion (in a turbine) 4-1 Constant-pressure heat rejection

rp is the pressure ratio.

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