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ABTRACT

This study examines reductions in English that may assist learners with listening comprehension. It focuses on qualitative reductions like the schwa sound, quantitative reductions like shortened vowels, and zero reductions involving omission of vowels and consonants. Specific reductions discussed include dropping /h/, /t/, and /j/ sounds and simplifying consonant clusters. Contractions are also analyzed, including positive, negative, and other forms. The study aims to provide information not readily found in other English resources to help readers improve their listening skills despite limited learning conditions.

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76 views

ABTRACT

This study examines reductions in English that may assist learners with listening comprehension. It focuses on qualitative reductions like the schwa sound, quantitative reductions like shortened vowels, and zero reductions involving omission of vowels and consonants. Specific reductions discussed include dropping /h/, /t/, and /j/ sounds and simplifying consonant clusters. Contractions are also analyzed, including positive, negative, and other forms. The study aims to provide information not readily found in other English resources to help readers improve their listening skills despite limited learning conditions.

Uploaded by

api-3701314
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ABSTRACT

Nowadays, it is not enough when living and working


only in a small area. People are trying to link-up the big world
so as to co-operate, develop and integrate. Globalization
tendency requires an competent ability of international
competent communication. In order to so, surely, mastering
at least one foreign language is needed. And one of the best
choices languages can be English. However, the question is
that how to have the best English while the studying
conditions are limited in the country where English is still only
the second languagenot so popular as its mother tongue.
Perhaps, the first and biggest difficulty when studying this
language could be listening. This study - “Reductions in
English” would mention only one matter met in listening. It
might not be easily found in other English books or resources.
Bbecause the author had to spend so much time in collecting
many generalgathering ideas from various sources.
Hope readers will find this study helpful and useful for
their listening.
Good luck!

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Table of content

Page

Abstract......................................................... ..................... 1
Table of contents..................... ............................................2
Introduction....................................... ................................ 4
1. Reasons for choosing the theme topic .....................4
2. Aims Purposes of the study .....................................4
3. Scope of the study ............................................... .....4
4. Methods of the study................................... ............. 4
Literature review ................................................................ .5
Chapter 1: qualitative reductions ................................ ........6
Chapter 2: quantitative reductions .....................................7
2.1. The schwa / / ......................... .......................7
2.1.1. The schwa / / with function words 8
2.1.2. The schwa / / with content words 10
2.2. The short vowel / / ......................................10
Chapter 3: zero reductions .......................................... .....11
3.1. Vowel omission .............................................11
3.2. Consonant omission ......................................12
3.2.1. The loss of / h / ..................................13
3.2.2. ................................................. ........13
3.2.3. The loss of / j / .....................................14

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3.2.4. Simplification of consonant groups..... 16
3.3. Contractions ................................. .............18
3.3.1. Positive contractions ....................18
3.3.2. Negative contractions ..................19
3.3.3. Other contractions ..................... ...19
chapter 4: use of full forms............................ ................... 22
Conclusion............................................. ........................... 23
Appendix I ........................................................................ .24
Appendix II .................................................................. .....24
Bibliography ...................................................................... 25

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