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6.circulatory Systems

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Ahmed Oraby
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31 views

6.circulatory Systems

Uploaded by

Ahmed Oraby
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CircuIatory systems

Form and Function


CircuIation
W Transport of:
Nutrients
MetaboIic wastes
MetaboIic gases
Various eIements of the immune system
HormonaI signaIs
Heat energy
The evoIution of circuIation in animaIs
W Primitive animaIs reIy upon diffusion as a
mechanism of transport (Porifera, Cnidaria)
W Diffusion becomes inefficient over distances
of 2-3 ceIIs (Iimits size of PIatyheIminthes)
W DeveIopment of a pseudocoeIom provided
primitive circuIatory sac with fIuid
W EucoeIomates (MoIIusca onwards) deveIoped
true circuIatory systems
$ome animaIs use diffusion for circuIation
$uch as Hydra and BarreI $ponge
Types of CircuIatory $ystems
W G bIood pressure
insect adaptations
moIIusk adaptations
W G veIocity fIexibiIity
W G distribution
fIexibiIity
W probIems with
aerobic animaIs
W bIood pressure
arteriaI system
permits uItrafiItration
W veIocity fIexibiIity
W distribution
fIexibiIity
W adapted for aerobic
animaIs
CIosed Open
Open and CIosed CircuIation
W 0pen systems (Ho||usca, Arthropoda} bathe
organs |n haemo|ymph. organs he|d |n secondary
spaces (s|nuses} that may jo|n together to form
haemocoe|
W 6|osed systems conta|n c|rcu|atory f|u|d (b|ood}
|n a vascu|ar system that feeds |nd|v|dua| organs
W oth open and c|osed systems requ|re a pump
(heart}
Pacemaker CeIIs
W Neurogenic Hearts
modified nerve ceIIs
invertebrates
(crustaceans)
cardiac gangIion
CN$ reguIated heart
rate
W Myogenic Hearts
modified muscIe ceIIs
vertebrate & moIIusks
sinoatriaI node
fastest pacemaker
reguIates heart rate
W Iatent pacemaker
W ectopic pacemaker
earts
W Hearts have evoIved
from two, to three, to
four chambered systems
W Human heart powers
duaI circuit (puImonary
and systemic)
W EKG refIects compIex
waveform (systoIe /
diastoIe)
Comparing Vertebrate Hearts
%he card|ovascu|ar network
BIood contains...
PIasma (dissoIved metaboIites, wastes,
hormones, ions, proteins)
Red bIood ceIIs (Erythrocytes = O
2
/CO
2
transport)
White bIood ceIIs:
W NeutrophiIs (immune defense)
W EosinophiIs (parasite defense)
W BasophiIs (infIammatory response)
W Monocytes (immune surveiIIance)
W B-Lymphocytes (antibody production)
W T-Lymphocytes (ceIIuIar immune response)
W PIateIets (bIood cIotting)
The
EKG
cycIe
The
PQR$T
compIex
bnormaI EKGs
MammaIian Kidney
W Bowman's capsuIe
W gIomeruIus: tuft of capiIIaries (uItrafiItrate)
The Lymphatic system
WCoIIects fIuids and
particIes in the interstitiaI
fIuid primariIy the resuIt of
capiIIary Ieakages
WFiIters fIuid at Lymph
Nodes, removing foreign
substances
WForeign substances are
subsequentIy destroyed
by white bIood ceII activity
hat cou|d th|s an|ma| be?
W Large size and weight
W More compIex than animaI that uses
diffusion
W Has bIood not hemoIymph - cIosed system
W 4 chambered heart
mammaI

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