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Lex and Yacc

Lex and Yacc are parser generator programs that help create compilers for custom languages without requiring complex code. Yacc produces a C file containing an LALR parser and functions defined by the user based on grammar rules specified in a Yacc file. Compiling and linking this C file with Lex and Yacc libraries generates an executable that parses inputs according to the language rules. Yacc makes compiler development easier by automating parts of the parsing process.

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AliMirzaie
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179 views

Lex and Yacc

Lex and Yacc are parser generator programs that help create compilers for custom languages without requiring complex code. Yacc produces a C file containing an LALR parser and functions defined by the user based on grammar rules specified in a Yacc file. Compiling and linking this C file with Lex and Yacc libraries generates an executable that parses inputs according to the language rules. Yacc makes compiler development easier by automating parts of the parsing process.

Uploaded by

AliMirzaie
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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.

860378565

Lex , Yacc
.
Parser Generator

. .
Yacc Yacc .
""Yet Another Compiler Compiler Compiler Compiler .
. Yacc.
Bison Package Linux Unix
.

Yacc
Yacc .
translate.y
UNIX C C .
Yacc translate.y
translate.y C y.tab.c
LALR . y.tab.c LALR

C .
. (Lex and Yacc) ly
UNIX a.out
) (Parse translate.y
. a.out C .exe
.
exe .

Yacc
Compiler

y.tab.c

Yacc
Specification
translate.y

a.out

C
Compiler

y.tab.c

output

)a.out (exe

Input

:Yacc
Yacc 3 %%
. :
declarations
%%
translation rules
%%
supporting C-routines

:
Yacc .

. :
E E+T | T
T T*F | F
F (E) | digit
:declaration :
C #include { % }%
. Token Token .
.
Token %token .
:Translation rules
yacc %% .
:
>< left side > < alt 1 > | < alt 2 > | | < alt n
yacc :
} { semantic action 1

> < left side > : < alt 1

} { semantic action 2

> | < alt 2

} { semantic action n

> | < alt n

Yacc
. token
.
Yacc .
.
semantic action C C
header Yacc .

.
.
yacc :
{%
>#include <ctype.h
}%
%token DIGIT
%%
: expr \n

} ;){ printf(%d\n,$1

line

;
} ;{ $$=$1+$3

expr : expr + term


| term
;

} ;{ $$=$1*$3

term : term * factor


| factor
;
) factor : ( expr

} ;{ $$=$2

| DIGIT
;
%%
)(yylex
{
;int c
;)(c = getchar
) )if ( isdigit (c
{
; yyval=c - 0
5

;return DIGIT
}
;return c
}
> #include<ctype.h preprocessor C header
isdigit . %token DIGIT
Token .
.
; . semantic action $$
reduce . $1
: | . $3 ....

} ;{ $$=$1+$3

expr : expr + term


| term

semantic action ($1) expr ($3) term


) ($$ .
expr + term
. }; { $$=$1
. yacc
. .
:
} ;){ printf(%d\n,$1

: expr \n

line

;
\n
. line . semantic action

.
. $1 expr
.
6

Lexical Analyser
. )( yylex yacc .
error recovery ...
. Token .
DIGIT yyval .
Yacc .
DIGIT Token .
Token .

. Yacc Lex
. Lex
yacc . Lex ll )(yylex
. Yacc . Lex
)( yylex Yacc
:
#include lex.yy.c

Lex Yacc .
#include lex.yy.c )( yylex Yacc Token .
Lex Yacc y.tab.c .
UNIX first.l
second.y .
:
lex first.l
yacc second.y
cc y.tab.c ly -ll

Lex Yacc 3 . Symbol .


Lex 0 9 number
:
number [0-9]+\.? | [0-9]*\.[0-9]+


Lex .

:Lex
Lex .
:
Metacharacter

Matches
\n

newline

\n

ab

a|b

ab

(ab)+
][

character class

Expression

Matches

abc

abc

ab abc abcc abccc ...

*abc

abc, abcc, abccc, abcccc, ...

abc+

abc, abcbc, abcbcbc, ...

a(bc)+

a, abc

?)a(bc

one of:

][abc

any letter, a through z

][a-z

a, -, z

one of:

][a\-z

-az

one of:

][-az

a, b, c

[A-Za-z0-9]+ one or more alphanumeric characters

a, b

whitespace

[ \t\n]+

anything except:

][^ab

a, ^, b

][a^b

a, |, b

][a|b

a, b

a|b

Lex
.
)( main
C . wrap
. :
{%
;int yylineno
}%
%%
;)printf("%4d\t%s", ++yylineno, yytext

^(.*)\n
%%

{ )][int main(int argc, char *argv


;)"yyin = fopen(argv[1], "r
;)(yylex
;)fclose(yyin
}

yylineno .
.
\n \n

. main
. Lex Yacc
.
Name

Function
Token

)int yylex(void

Token

char *yytext

yyleng

Token

yylval


1 0 .

)int yywrap(void

FILE *yyout

FILE *yyin

ECHO

Lex
.
{%
>#include <stdio.h
}%
number [0-9]+\.? | [0-9]*\.[0-9]+
%%
}*{ /* skip blanks /
;) { sscanf( yytext ,%lf, &yyval

] [

}{number

} ;return NUMBER
} ;]{ return yytext[0

\n |.
%%
)int yywrap(void
{
;return 1
}
)int main(void
{

10

;)(yylex
;return 0
}

)( wrap .

Error Recovery Lex :Yacc


Error recovery error .
Error recovery .
A error s .
A s . error
Yacc . Yacc Error
. error stackpop
state item state A error s
. s ) ( Yacc
s . semantic action error
error recovery . s
A semantic . s
shift .
error :
; stmt error
error pop State
Shift action error State 0 .
:
'Lines error '\n
error ' '\n
. ' '\n ' error '\n .
.

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