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Concept Map Asthma

This document outlines the assessment and treatment of asthma. It discusses monitoring lung sounds, vital signs, and oxygen levels. Personal triggers should be identified and avoided. Treatment includes prompt treatment of infections, adequate hydration and rest, corticosteroids as first-line therapy, bronchodilators, and mast cell stabilizers to prevent bronchoconstriction and inflammation. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and decreased oxygen levels. Severe asthma can lead to respiratory failure if left untreated.

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Astrid Moreno De Leon
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3K views

Concept Map Asthma

This document outlines the assessment and treatment of asthma. It discusses monitoring lung sounds, vital signs, and oxygen levels. Personal triggers should be identified and avoided. Treatment includes prompt treatment of infections, adequate hydration and rest, corticosteroids as first-line therapy, bronchodilators, and mast cell stabilizers to prevent bronchoconstriction and inflammation. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and decreased oxygen levels. Severe asthma can lead to respiratory failure if left untreated.

Uploaded by

Astrid Moreno De Leon
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Auscultate lung sounds Take VS Monitor ABG Pulse oximetry PEFR

Identify & avoid personal triggers Avoid exposure to cold air Avoid NSAIDs, aspirin, nonselective B blockers

Desensitization

Prompt diagnosis & treatment of URTI & sinusitis Maintain OFI 2-3L/day Good nutrition, adequate rest

Infection Genetics Allergens Exercise Irritants

Immune activation

Activates B cells

Secretes Immune Corticosteroids (1st line therapy) Binds to mast Monoclonal antibody cells in the bronchi Immunoglobulin

Mast cell stabilizers

Mast cell degranulation

Leukotriene modifiers

Release of inflammatory mediators

Vasodilation Increase vascular permeability

Bronchoconstrictio n (smooth muscle contraction)

Increase mucus productionImpair ed ciliary function

Vascular congestion Edema

Bronchodilators : B2 Adrenergic agonist

Thickened airway walls

Mucosal wall swelling

Narrowed airways

Cough

Unrelieved/untrea ted

Air flow limitation

Thick, stringy mucus

Exhaustion

Wheezing Hyperresonan ce

Dyspnea: Inc RR; use of accessory muscles

Decrease oxygentation

Lack of muscle force

Hypoxemia

Significant decrease in air movement

Inability to complete sentence

Restlessness Increased anxiety Inappropriate behavior Inc PR and BP

Diminished/absent breath sounds

Positioning Talking down & abdominal breathing Pursed lip breathing WOF HR>120 bpm Pulsus paradoxus RR >30 rpm Wheezessilent Patient speaks in words O2 sat <90; paO2 <60 mmHg PaCO2>45 mmHg; PEFR<100L/min

Respiratory failure

2-4 puffs short-acting B adrenergic agonist every 20 minutes 3x or 1 nebulized treatment

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