OPRATING MANUAL FOR CLOUD & POUR POINT

SCOPE: 1. The test Pour point is intended for use on any petroleum oil. A special procedure, suitable for black oils, Cylinder stock & non-distillation fual oil is described in section 5(i). SUMMERY OF METHOD: 2. A heated sample is cooled at a specified rate & examined at interval of 3C for flow characteristics. The lowest temperature at which the movement of the oil is observed is recorded as the Pour point. DEFINATION: 3. Pour point: The pour point is the lowest temp. Expressed as a multiple of 3C at which the oil is observed to flow when cooled under prescribed conditions. APPARATUS: 4. The apparatus consist cooling bath with test jar holding device, with its jacket: jacket & test jar. It has also provision to fill the cooling mixture, and for inserting thermometer for taking the temp. of cooling bath. PROEDURE: 5. (a) Pour the oil in to the test jar to the level mark. If necessary heat the oil in water bath till fluid pour into the jar. (b) Close the jar tightly by the cork carrying a thermometer as per IP 1C or IP 2C .Adjust the position of the cork so that thermometer bulb fixed coaxial with the test jar & its capillary immersed 3mm below the surface of the oil. (c) Subject the oil in test jar to the following preliminary treatment. (1) Oil having pour point between 33C & 33C Heat the oil without stirring to 46C in a bath maintained 48C Cool the oil to 35C in air or in water bath at approximately 25C. Proceed as directed in paragraph (D). (2) Oil having pour point between 33C-Heat the oil in water bath, without stirring to 46C to a temp approximately 9C above the expected pour point whichever temp. is higher. Proceed as directed in paragraph (d). (3) Oil having pour point below 33C: - Heat the oil directed (1) above & cool to 15.5C in a water bath maintained at 7C remove the high cloud & pour thermometer in position. Proceed as directed in paragraph (d). (d) Place the disk in the bottom of the jacket. Place the ring gasket around the test jar, 25mm from the bottom. The disk gasket & the inside of the jacket shall be clean & dry. Instead of the jar in the jacket.

(e) Maintain the temp. of the cooling bath between-1to +2C Support the jacket, Containing test jar firmly in a vertical position in cooling bath. (f) After the oil has been cooled enough to allow the formation of paraffin wax crystals take care not to disturb the mass of the oil nor permit the thermometer to shift in the oil; any disturbance of the spongy network of wax crystals will lead to low & fictitious. (g) Beginning at a temp.9 C above the expected pour point above 39C, or for other oil, at a temp. 12C above the expected pour point, at each test thermometer reading that is the multiple of 3C remove the test jar from the jacket carefully & tilt it just enough to ascertain whether there is a movement of the oil in the test jar. The complete operation of removal & replacement shall require not more than 3sec.If the oil ceased to flow when its temp. has reached 90C. Transfer the test jar to another jacket in a second bath maintained at temp. Of 10 to 15C. If the oil has not ceased to flow when the it s temp. reached 60c, transfer the test jar to another jacket in a third bath maintain at a temp of-34.5 to -31.5C. For determination of very low pour points, additional bath are required, each bath to be maintained at 17C below the temp. of the proceeding bath. In each case, transfer the jar when the temp.of the oil reaches, a point 27C above the tep. of new bath. Never place the cold test jar directly in the cooling medium as soon as the oil in the test jar does not flow when the jar is tilted, hold the test jar in the horizontal position foe exactly 5 sec, as noted by a stop watch or accurate timing device, & observe carefully. If the oil show any movement under these condition, replace the test jar immediately in the jacket & repeat a test for flow at the nearest temp. 3C lower. CALCULATION & REPORTING: 6. Add 3C to the temp. recorded in section 5(h) & report the result as Pour Point IP 15. For black Oil, etc. reprt the result as upper Pour Point IP 15 or lower Pour Point IP 15 as required. PRECISION: 7. (a) Repeatability: Duplicate result by the same operator should be consider suspect if they differ by more than 3C. (b) Reproducibility: Result from two different laboratories should not be consider suspect unless the two result differ by more than 6C. (c) For oils tested by the procedure described in section 5(i), reproducibility of this order cannot be expected, as these oil shows anomalous pour depending on their history.

Flue gas analysis using gas analyzes.

Apparatus: Four gas analyze (Make:- NETEL India).

Introduction
This model NPM-MGA-2 (Auto Exhaust/ Multi gas analyze) base on the international accepted principal of non-depressive infrared (NDIR) absorption. It is designed for measuring of CO, HC, in the exhaust of stroke & 4- stroke automotive petrol engines. A check of exhaust gases (CO, HC, ) from petrol engine is essential if an engine is to be correctly set up or in order to diagnose possible operative malfunctions. Unless Exhaust value is correctly adjusted, it is absolutely impossible to obtain a good engine performance, particularly when the engine is equipped with electronic injection. Monitoring of Auto exhaust emission is currently essential in order to set up the engine correctly or to diagnose malfunctions.

FEATURES
Range Of Measurement
CO HC : 0 to 9.99% vol. Res. 0.01 % : 0 to 20000 ppm. (Propane ) Res. 1 ppm : 0 to 20.00% vol. Res. 0.10 % : 0 to 25% Res. 0.01 % : 0.200 to 1.800% Res. 0.001 % : 0 to 30.1 Res. 1

Lambda Air/Fuel

Optional
RPM Probe Oil temp. Nox Operating Temperature Operating Pressure Relative Humidity Measuring gas Intake Flow Check Leak Test Condensate Discharge Response Time Warm Up Time Power Supply : 0 to 9990 RPM Res. 10 RPM : 0 to 150 deg. C Res. 1 deg. C : 0 to 10000 ppm. Res. 1 ppm : +5 deg. C to +45C Res. 2 deg. C : 800 to 1100 hpa. : Up to 90% Max. : 2 to 2.5 LPM approximately : Auto : Auto : Auto : < 5 sec. : 1 to 3.5 min. :230 V +/-10%,50Hz,100W Or 12V DC+/-10%, 35W (battery low indication on front panel when battery voltage is below 11.5V) : Auto /Manual : Manual : 24 columns : 400x320x200 mm : RS232 standard (9600 baud rate) : 10 Kg. Approximately

Zero setting Calibration Printer Dimensions Serial output weight

OPARETING PRINCIPAL
The instruments detects the CO/ /HC content according to the principal by which the selective adsorption of infrared is measure for each gas. Sensor is measured by means of electrochemical sensor. The sample gas is taken through the exhaust by means of the probe. The intake exhaust gas is further made free from the moist with the help of moisture separator elements. Dust is removed with help of dust element & inward filter. Then condensed moisture is routed to exhaust of the analyzer through pump. Dust/moisture free sample gas is feed to the measuring cell. Infrared light beam is directed to measurement component (like optical filter & sensor), which is weakened at a certain wavelength by the sample gases in the cell. Wakening occurs at specific wavelengths according to the type of gas in questions (absorption spectrum). Molecules of gas with same type atoms (H2/N2/O2) cause no adsorption in the infrared region of the spectrum. On the other hand, molecules with different type of atoms (CO,HC & CO2) show different adsorption bands in the infrared region. The greater the gas concentration is, the greater the adsorption will be. This variation can be detected with the aid of electronic sensors preceded by respective optical filter which allow infrared rays. To pass only at the specific wavelengths. The O2 percentage is detected by the means of a sensor of ht e electrochemical type that transmits a linear electrical signal according to the effective percentage of o2. When the gas is introduced in the sample cell absorption take palace due to gases, which reduce the infrared radiation reaching to the sensor. This measurement is converted to show as the concentration of that particular gas.

The Reading taken at __________________________RPM.

Sr. no. 1 2 3 4 CO CO2 HC O2

Exhaust Gas Analysis