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1a.2 Classification of Nursing Theories

Nursing theories can be classified based on their generalizability. Grand theories provide conceptual frameworks for key nursing concepts and principles. Middle range theories analyze specific situations with limited variables. Practice theories explore particular situations and detail how goals are achieved. Major nursing theorists from 1950-1970 developed needs, interaction, outcome, and humanistic theories. Needs theories focus on fulfilling physical and mental needs while interaction theories examine nurse-patient relationships. Outcome theories portray nurses as agents of change and humanistic theories emphasize self-actualization and a person-centered approach.

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8K views2 pages

1a.2 Classification of Nursing Theories

Nursing theories can be classified based on their generalizability. Grand theories provide conceptual frameworks for key nursing concepts and principles. Middle range theories analyze specific situations with limited variables. Practice theories explore particular situations and detail how goals are achieved. Major nursing theorists from 1950-1970 developed needs, interaction, outcome, and humanistic theories. Needs theories focus on fulfilling physical and mental needs while interaction theories examine nurse-patient relationships. Outcome theories portray nurses as agents of change and humanistic theories emphasize self-actualization and a person-centered approach.

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CLASSIFICATION OF NURSING THEORIES

http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/nursing_theories_overview.html

Depending on the generalisability of their principles


Metatheory: the theory of theory. Identifies specific phenomena through abstract concepts. Grand theory: provides a conceptual framework under which the key concepts and principles of the discipline can be identified. Middle range theory: is more precise and only analyses a particular situation with a limited number of variables. Practice theory: explores one particular situation found in nursing. It identifies explicit goals and details how these goals will be achieved.

School of thoughts in Nursing Theories-1950-1970


Need theorists

Interaction Theorists

Outcome theorists

Abdellah Henderson Orem

King Orlando Peterson and Zderad Paplau Travelbee Wiedenbach

Johnson Levine Rogers Roy

Theories can also be categorised as:


"Needs "theories. "Interaction" theories. "Outcome "theories. "Humanistic theories"

"Needs" theories

These theories are based around helping individuals to fulfill their physical and mental needs. Needs theories have been criticized for relying too much on the medical model of health and placing the patient in an overtly dependent position.

"Interaction" theories

These theories revolve around the relationships nurses form with patients. Such theories have been criticized for largely ignoring the medical model of health and not attending to basic physical needs.

"Outcome" theories

These portray the nurse as the changing force, who enables individuals to adapt to or cope with ill health (Roy 1980). Outcome theories have been criticized as too abstract and difficult to implement in practice (Aggleton and Chalmers 1988).

"Humanistic" Theories:

Humanistic theories developed in response to the psychoanalytic thought that a persons destiny was determined early in life. Humanistic theories emphasize a persons capacity for self actualization . Humanists believe that the person contains within himself the potential for healthy and creative growth. Carl Rogers developed a person centered model of psychotherapy that emphasizes the uniqueness of the individual. The major contribution that Rogers added to nursing practice is the understanding that each client is a unique individual, hence the person-centered approach is now a practice in Nursing.

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