jif{ %, c+s !

%,

@)^* ;fn df3 !% ut] cfOtaf/ (Jan. 29, 2012)

!! k|b]z agfpg] k|:tfj

;/sf/sf] ljsf;] cjwf/0ff

;'zf;g / ljsf;sf nflu dxTjfsf+IfL of]hgf

sf7df08f}F . /fHo k'g;+/rgf

pRr:t/Lo ;'emfj cfof]un] km/s
dt ;lxt hftLo cfwf/df !! j6f
k|bz
] agfpg] k|:tfj tof/ kf/]sf]
5 . cfof] u sf kfF r ;b:osf]
jx'dtsf cwf/df of] k|:tfj tof/
kfl/Psf] >f] t n] atfPsf] 5 .
cfof]usf tLg hgf ;b:o eg] hftLo
cfwf/df eGbf ;fF:s[lts, ef}uf]lns
/ P]ltxfl;s cfwf/df k|b]z agfpg'
kg]{ kIfdf 5g\ .
pgLx?n] & j6f k| b ] z sf]
cjwf/0ff k]z u/]klg Tof] kf; eg]
x'g ;s]g . t/ pgLx?sf] Tof] km/s
dt klg ;'emfj k|ltj]bgdf ;d]l6Psf]
5 . cfof]un] k|b]znfO{ zStLzfnL

agfpg] / /fHo k'g;+/rgfdf b'O{ tx

dfq} x'g] k|:tfj tof/ kf/]sf] 5 .
s]Gb| / k|b]z b'O{ tx dfq} x'g]df
ax' d t ePsf] / s] G b| s f] ;f6f]
k|b]znfO{ zStLzfnL agfpg] k|:tfj
klg km/s dt ;lxt tof/ ePsf]
xf] . z]kf{sf] 5'} k|bz
] agfpg] k|:tfj
;'?df /flvP klg kl5 To;nfO{
tfD;flndf ufEg]df ax'dt h'6]sf]
lyof] . cfof]usf] em08} b'O{ ;o k[i7
nfdf] ;'emfjnfO{ clGtd ?k lbg dfq}
afFsL /x]sf] >f]tsf] egfO{ 5 .
cfof]udf 5nkmn x'bF f a/fa/ dt
eP cWoIfn] dt lbg' kg]{ k|fjwfg
5 . a/fa/ dt ePsf rf/ j6f
-afF s L & k] h df_

sf7df8f+}F . g]kfnaf/] ;Defljt

j} b ] l zs nufgLstf{ n fO{ ;" r gf
pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zon] g]kfn pBf]u
kl/;+3 -;LPgcfO{n] PsLs[t ;"rgf
s] G b| :yfkgf ug' { ePsf] 5 .
nufgLstf{ n fO{ Ps} :yfgaf6
nufgL;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{kIfaf/] hfgsf/L
lbg] p2]Zon] ;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{
nfluPsf] ;LPgcfO{cGtu{tsf] pmhf{
ljsf; kl/ifb\ s f sfo{ s f/L
Joj:yfks dx]Gb| Gof}kfg]n] atfP .
;" r gf s] G b| g] k fn ;/sf/ /
;LPgcfO{sf] ;+oS' t :jfldTjdf :yfkgf
x'g nfu]sf] xf] . ;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf
ug{ cGt/f{li6o ljsf;sf nflu
cd] l /sL ;xof] u lgof] u -

o"P;P8_cGtu{t PgO{P6L -g]kfn,

Osf]gf]lds, Plu|sNr/ P08 68]
PlS6le6L_n] cflys{ ;xof]u ug]{ ePsf]
5 . cfly{s ;xof]u ug{] ljifodf
PgOP6L / ;LPgcfO{aLr o;} ;ftf
clGtd ;Demf}tf x'g nfu]sf] klg
Gof}kfg]n] hfgsf/L lbP . pgsf
cg';f/ k|f]6n OGe]i6 g]kfn gfd
lbOPsf] pSt s]Gb| :yfkgfsf nflu
k|f/lDes r/0fdf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug{
s/La ?= *) nfv cfjZos kg{]5 .
PgOP6L / ;LPgcfO{sf] ;+o'St
nufgLdf s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{] of]hgf
agfPsf 5f}F Gof}kfg]n] eg] . ;"rgf
s]Gb|nfO{ lkmSsL OGe]i6 Ol08ofn] klg
-afF s L & k] h df_

sf7df8f}F . ;femf oftfoftn] l5}

g} cfgf] ;]jf ;'? ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
o;sf nflu gofF ;~rfns ;ldltn]
cfjZos Aoj:yfksLo sfd ul//x]sf]
5 . cw{;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ uPsf] h]7
^ ut] ePsf] ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;efn]
u}/;/sf/L cjwf/0ffdf ?kfGt/0f
u/]sf] lyof] . ;ft dlxgfsf] aLrdf
;+:yfdf /x]sf * ;o sd{rf/LnfO{
lgodcg';f/ labfO{ ul/Psf] 5 .
nlntk'/sf] k'Nrf]sdf /x]sf] @# /f]kgL
hUufnufot ;+:yfsf] rncrn
;DklQsf] km/skm/s / cNksfnLg,
dWosfnLg tyf bL3{sfnLg of]hgfsf]
th{d' fnufotsf sfd ePsf 5g\ .
jL/uGhdf /x]sf] hUuf a]r/] cfPsf]

5 s/f] 8 ?k} o fF a; lsGgnfO{

5'6\ofOPsf] 5 . k|d'v sfo{sf/L
clws[t 5gf}6 x'gf;fy ;]jf ;'? ug{]
u/L Joj:yfksLo sfd eO/x]sf] ;femf
oftfoftsf cWoIf sgsdl0f bLlIftn]
atfpg'eof] . o;aLrdf ;+:yfsf]
;DklQ ;+ / If0f / /fhgLlts
x:tIf]knfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ ;lsPsf]
cWoIf bLlIftsf] egfO 5 . lj;+ @)!*
;fndf tTsfnLg /fhf dx]Gb|sf]
cu|;/tf / lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtfdf
;femf oftfoft ;'? ePsf] lyof] . la;+
@)#& ;fndf hfkfg ;/sf/n] ;xof]u
u/]kl5 ;femf oftfoftdf Ps ;o
*# j6f;Dd a; lyP . b]zsf ljleGg
-afF s L & k] h df_

sf7df8f}F . df]6/ aLdfafkt aLdf

sDklgx?df t];|f] kIf aLdf nfu"
ePsf] @ jif{sf] cjlwdf ?= !
s/f]8sf] e"m6f] bfaL k/]sf] 5 . ;f]
bfaL ^) cf]6f aLdfn]v dfk{mt\t
ul/Psf] ;Da4 aLdf sDklgx?n]
atfPsf 5g\ . !^ cf]6f lghL{jg aLdf
sDklg;Fu ;f] /sd bfaL ul/Psf]
lyof] . aLdf;Fu ;Da4;|f]tn] eGof],
oftfoft Joj;foL ;+ 3 , k| x /L,
k| z f;g tyf c:ktfnsf
sd{rf/Lx?sf] ldn]dtf]df To:tf] e"m6f]
bfaL ug{ qmd a9]sf] xf] . df]6/
aLdfn]v dfk{mt\ ;f] cjlwdf bfaL
ul/PsfdWo] rf/cf]6f e"m6f] k|dfl0ft
ePsf] /fli6o aLdf ;+:yfgsf df]6/
aLdf Joj:yfks hLjgfy ltjf/Ln]
hfgsf/L lbP . tL rf/ bfaL dfk{mt\
?= @! nfv bfaL ul/Psf] pgn]
atfP . ;f] cjlwdf df]6/ aLdfn]v
dfk{mt\ !@ cf]6f aLdf bfaL ul/Psf]

cfof]hgsf] ;'? ( lsnf]ld6/ vGg]

nIo lnPsf] 5 . ;g\ @)!#
;]K6]Da/;Dddf ;Sg] u/L 7]s]bf/
rfOgf /]Nj]n] @)^^ ;fpgb]lv ;'?
vGg yfn]sf] xf] . p;n] sfd ;'?
ePsf] %$ dlxgfleq ;'?sf] sfd
;Sg] k|lta4tf hgfPsf] lyof] . t/,
sfd x]bf{ @)!^ ;Dddf klg g;Sg]
cj:yf cfPsf] 5, lgb]z
{ s cfrfo{n]
eg], clxn] l8h]nsf] cefjnufotsf
sf/0fn] klg lgdf{0f ;':t ePsf] 5 .
cfj )%* %( b]lv ef}lts sfo{;'?
ePsf] of] cfof]hgfsf] ;DkGg x'g]
ldlt ;' ? df cfj )^$ ^%
tf]lsPsf]df ;+zf]lwt eO{ )^* ^(
lgwf{ / 0f ul/Psf] lyof] . 7] S sf
;Demf}tfcg';f/ ;dodf lgdf{0f k"/f
gug{] sDklgaf6 Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg]
k|fjwfg eP klg oxfF af/Daf/ aGb,
x8\tfn, l8h]n cefjh:tf ;d:ofn]

rfOgf /]Nj]af6 Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg

g;lsg] cfrfo{sf] ts{ 5 .
cfof]hgfsf] sfddf l9nfO x'gd' f
:yfgLo ;/f]sf/ ;dfhsf] cj/f]w,
7]s]bf/n] pks/0f gNofpg' cflb
x'g\ . To:t}, k/fdz{bftf, cfof]hgf
sfof{Gjog lgb]{zgfno, vfg]kfgL
dxz'n lgwf{/0f cfof]uh:tf ;+:yfsf]
klg e"ldsf b]lvPsf] 5 . 7]s]bf/
rfOgf /]Nj]n] ;'? vGg pks/0f
gNofPsf] / eO/x]sf pks/0fsf] klg
k| e fjsf/L kl/rfng gu/] s f]
cfrfo{sf] egfO 5 . sfd ;'? ePsf]
b' O { jif{ lalt;Sbf klg p;n]
clxn];Dd ;'? vGg cfjZos
lgdf{ 0 f ;fdu| L cfof] h gf:yndf
NofPsf] 5}g . cfof]hgfsf] ;+zf]lwt
nfut #! s/f]8 &# nfv cd]l/sL
8n/ 5 . o;df Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}s
+
-afF s L & k] h df_

j}b]lzs nufgL hfgsf/L s]Gb| :yfkgf x'b}

;femfsf uf8L km]l/ u'8\g]

d"No ?= &.

sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf], dlGqkl/ifb\sf

;b:ox? / /fi6;]js sd{rf/Lx?sf
nflu cfrf/;+lxtf hf/L ul/Psf],
;/sf/nfO{ hgpQ/bfoL agfpg
hgtf;Fu k|wfgdGqL sfo{qmd ;'?
ul/Psf], e|i6frf/lj?4sf] /0fgLlt
tyf sfo{of]hgfcGtu{tsf] lgsfout
sfo{ o f] h gfsf] sfof{ G jog tyf
cg'udg ug{ sfo{ eO/x]sf] pNn]v
5 . To;} u /L cfufdL lbgdf
sfof{Gjog ul/g] ;'zf;g;DaGwL
lqmofsnfkx?df
lhNnf
;b/d'sfdb]lv 6f9f a;f]jf; eO{
cTofjZos ;fj{ h lgs ;] j fsf]
kx'r
F df sl7gfO ef]lu/x]sf hgtfnfO{
PsLs[ t ?kdf ;fj{ h lgs ;] j f
k'ofpg PsLs[t ;]jf s]Gb|x?sf]
:yfkgf ul/g], /fi6;j] s sd{rf/Lsf]

sf7df8f}F . ;/sf/n] hgtfnfO{

;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg] / /fli6o
ljsf;nfO{ k| f yldstf lbg]
dxTjsf+IfL nIo /fVb} b'O{ leGgfleGg}
sfo{of]hgf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .
l;+ x b/jf/df cfof] l ht kqsf/
;Dd] n gdf k| w fgdGqL e/fO{ n ]
cFWof/f]sfaLr hgtfn] h'gls/Lsf]
vf]hL ul//x]sfn] cfzf hufpg b'O{
sfo{of]hgf 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] atfP .
;/sf/n] ;fj{ h lgs u/] s f]
sfo{of]hgfdf sfo{of]hgfsf] p2]Zo,
/0fgLlt,
sfo{ o f] h gfsf]
ljGof;nufotsf a'Fbfx? ;d]l6Psf
5g\ . ;' z f;g k| j 4{ g sf] nflu
;/sf/n] cufl8 a9fPsf d'Vod'Vo
gLltut Joj:yf / lqmofsnfkx?df
;fj{hlgs vr{df ldtJolotf sfod
ug{ ldtJolotf lgb{]lzsf hf/L eO{

aLdfn]vdf e"m6f] bfaL ug]{ qmd a9\bf]

lyof] . afFsL cf7cf]6f bfaLaf/] sfg'gL
k|lqmofcg';f/ cg';Gwfg eO/x]sf] klg
pgn] atfP . ltjf/Ln] eg] ,
sfNklgs JolStnfO{ t];f| ] kIf agfP/
aLdf bfaL ug{cfpg] qmd b]lvPsf]
5 . e"m6f] bfaL;Fu k|x/Lsf] ;SsnL
k|ltj]bg cfPkl5 aLdf /sd lbg
afWo x'g] ;+:yfgsf] egfO 5 . e"m6f]
bfaL ul/Psf] /sddWo] ?= % %
nfvsf] bfaL;lxtsf] df]6/ b'36{ gfsf
a]Unfa]Un} tLgcf]6f / /fKtL c~rn
a; Joj;foL ;+3sf] ?= ^ nfvsf]
bfaL ePsf] ;+:yfgn] atfPsf] 5 .
;u/dfyf OG:of]/G] ;sf] klg !) cf]6f
df]6/ aLdf bfaL k/]sf] sfo{sf/L
lgb]z
{ s s[i0faxfb'/ a:oftn] atfP .
pgsf cg';f/ To;dWo] tLgcf]6f e"m6f]
k| d fl0ft eO;s] s f] / afF s Lsf]
cg';Gwfg eO/x]sf] 5 . cf}ifwf]krf/
vr{ / t];|f] kIf d[To' eg]/ ul/Psf]
?= @! nfvsf] bfaL e"m6f] k|dfl0ft

-afF s L & k] h df_

;"rgf k|jfx
s'l07t x'g]

ePsf] klg pgn] atfP . aLdf

gePsf :ofS6/ ofqLsf] t];|f] kIf
aLdfsf] bfaL;d]t cfPsf] 5, pgn]
eg] . o:t} g]kfn hg/n OG:of]/G] ;df
klg !% hgfsf] e"m6f] bfaL cfPsf]
k|dv
' sfo{sf/L clws[t lbUuhaxfb'/
zfxn] atfP . pgn] eg], sDklg;Fu
bfaL ul/Psf] /sddWo] ?= !% nfv
e"m6f] bfaL ul/Psf] k|dfl0ft ePsf]
5 . l;4fy{ OG:of] / ] G ;n] #
aLdfn]vaf6 ?= $ nfv e"m6f] bfaL
ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . o:t}
lzv/ OG:of]/]G;df ! hgf aLldtn]
?= !* nfvsf] e"m6f] bfaL k]z u/]sf]
;f] sDklgn] atfPsf] 5 . g]zgn
OG:of]/]G;sf cg';f/ ;f] sDklgdf
k/]sf bfaLdWo] $ hgf aLldtsf] ?=
!) nfvsf] bfaL e"m6f] 7xl/Psf] 5 .
o;afx]s lb cf]l/P06n, lxdfnog
hg/n, o'gfO6]8 g]kfn, lk|ldo/
-afF s L & k] h df_

sf7df8f}F . hgtfsf] lgjf{w

;"rgf clwsf/ s'l07t x'g] u/L
;/sf/n] sfg'gdf gofF Joj:yf
u/]sf] 5 . ;"rgfsf] xs P]gcg';f/
;';l" rt x'g kfpg] ljifosf] gofF
juL{s/0f nfu" ePkl5 ;"rgf k|jfx
s'l07t x'g] b]lvPsf] xf] . gofF
Joj:yfcg' ; f/ ;/sf/sf ;a}
lgsfosf @$ k|sf/sf ;"rgfnfO{
lglZrt cjlw;Ddsf nflu /f]s
nufOPsf] 5 . o:t} ljleGg
dGqfno;Fu ;DalGwt ^$ k|sf/sf
cnucnu ;"rgfdf klg /f]s
nufOPsf] 5 . casf] juL{s/0fdf
o;cl3 ;"rgf cfof]un] ljBfyL{sf]
pQ/k'l:tsf x]g{ kfpg] egL :yflkt
u/]sf] clwsf/ ;d]t s'l07t u/]sf]
5 . gofF Jojyfcg';f/ k/LIffyL{n]
k/LIff lbPsf] kfFr jif{kl5 dfq
x]g{ kfpg] 5g\ . gofF juL{s/0fdf
-afF s L & k] h df_

k| r 08sf] egfOn] kl/l:yltsf]

ufDeLo{ t fnfO{ phuf/ ub{ 5 .
b' Z dgx ljleGg tl/sfn]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ 3]/faGbL ub}{ cfqmd0fsf]
tof/Ldf 5g\, To;}n] xfd|f] aLrdf
Pstfsf] ljsNk 5}g eGg] dxf;lrj
s= afbnsf] k|lzIf0fn] klg ;a}nfO{
kl5Nnf] ljsl;t /fhgLlts
36gfqmdnfO{ k|ltlalDat u/]sf] 5 .

PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLdf k'm6 x'g] b]v]/

lj/f]wLxn] o;nfO{ ;xh} Wj:t
agfpg] of]hgfx agfPsf lyP . t/,
k'm6sf] ;f Pdfcf]jfbLdf cfPsf]
cfZro{hgs / cfsl:ds Pstfn]
lj/f]wL lsQfdf ;Ggf6f 5fPsf] b]Vg
;lsG5 . lj/f]wLx t}F r'k d} r'k
jf ca s;/L km]; ug]{ eGg] ljifodf
cfgf /0fgLltx ljsf; ug{d}
tlNng 5g\ .
h]xf];\ dfcf]jfbLleqsf] Pstfn]
c? ;a}sf] cf]7d'v ;'s]sf] 5 .
dfG5]xn] ;kgf a'gs
] f lyP ls ca
@)$& s} jl/k/Lsf] Ps yfg ;+ljwfg
n]v]/ g]kfndf km]l/ Ps5q /fh ug{
kfOg] eof] . rf/}lt/ pgLxn] Pp6f
cFWof/f] zf;gsf] k/]vf tof/
ul/;s]sf lyP . w]/} dfG5]xn] tLtf]
cf] s n] s f klg 5g\ ls/0f;F u
-afF s L & k] h df_

d]nDrL vfg]kfgL lgdf{0f ;':t ;+3if{kl5 Pstf / kfGt/0fsf] t/

sf7df8f}+F . d]nDrL vfg]kfgL
cfof]hgf lgwf{l/t ;do ;lsg 8]9
jif{dfq afFsL 5 . t/ xfn;Dd hDdf
!# k|ltztdfq ;'? vGg] sfd
;lsPsf] 5 . of] ult x]bf{ cfof]hgf
lgdf{0f x'g cem} Ps bzs nfU5 .
hals, ;/sf/n] ;g\ @)!# ;Dd
d]nDrLsf] kfgL /fhwfgL k'ofpg]
of]hgf agfPsf] 5 . @^=% lsnf]ld6/
nfdf] ;'?dWo] xfn;Dd 7]s]bf/
rfOgf /]Nj] !% Ao'/f] skf]{/];gn] #=%
lsnf]ld6/dfq vg]sf] 5 . ;'? vGg]
sfddf k|ult gePkl5 cfof]hgfsf]
!# k|ltzt /sddfq vr{ ePsf]
d]nDrL vfg]kfgL ljsf; ;ldltsf
sfo{sf/L lgb{z
] s s[i0fk|;fb cfrfo{n]
atfP . ;do ylkg] ePkl5
cfof]hgfsf] nfut klg :jtM a9\g5
] .
;'? vGg] nfutdfq $ ca{ ?k}ofF
5 . rfn" cfjsf] ah]6df ;/sf/n]

ljefhgsf] d'vd} k'Ug nfUbf

PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLdf km]l/ Pstfsf]
3f] i f0ff ul/Psf] 5 . d' V o
g]tfxaLrsf] Pstfsf] efjnfO{
tntn sfo{stf{ tx;Dd kl:sg]
Pp6f cleofg g} ;'? ul/Psf] 5 .
e]nf, a}7s / k|lzIf0fsf dfWodaf6
kf6L{k+lQmnfO{ pT;flxt / Pstfa4
u/fpg] kxnx ePsf 5g\ . lxhf]sf

If]Kof:q ax;
lji0f' kGt

ltSttf, 3if0f{ / 6s/faxnfO{

efjgfTdskn] dndkl nufpg] /
km]l/ xflb{stfsf] ;f6f;f6 ug]{ ;r]t
k|of;x ePsf 5g\ . kf6L{leqsf]
kl5Nnf] Pstfn] k|ltlqmofjfbL lsQfdf
v}nfa}nf dlRrPsf] 5, eGg] cWoIf

cem} cufl8 a9]/ kf6L{sf k|efjzfnL

o'jf g]tf g]qljqmd rGb ljKnj sf]
egfO xfdL n8\bf klg l; h'wfP/
d;Ss};Fu n8\5f}F / ldNbf klg s'd
hf]8]/ ;n{Ss} ldN5f}F eGg] pb\uf/
oxfF pNn]v ug'{ ;fGble{s b]lvG5 .

ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}

s= dfcf]T;] t'

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jif{ %, c+s !%

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of]hgfdf dfq xf]Og,

sfof{Gjogdf klg Wofg b]pm

;/sf/ u7g ePsf] 7Ls kfFr dlxgf k"/f ePs} lbg

kf/]/ k|wfgdGqL 8f= afa'/fd e/fO{n] ;'zf;g sfod ug]{
/ cfly{s ljsf; tyf ;d[l4 ug]{ dxTjsf+IfL b'Oj{ 6f
sfo{of]hgf Ps ;fy NofPsf 5g\ . k|wfgdGqL e/fO{n]
jt{dfg ;/sf/af6 cfdhgtfn] h"gsL/Lsf] em}F eP klg
pHofnf] b]Vg rfx]sfn] ;/sf/n] of] sfo{of]hgf NofPsf]
atfP . ut ebf} !@ ut] ;/sf/ u7g x'bF f;d]t k|wfgdGqL
e/fO{n] zflGt, ;+ljwfg, ;'zf;g tyf cfly{s ljsf;
;/sf/sf] dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ef/ ePsf] / To;tkm{ ;/sf/
rgfvf] eP/ nfUg] atfPsf lyP . t/, ;/sf/n] o;
aLrdf g t zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf nflu s'g} 7f]; sfo{ g}
ug{ ;Sof], g ;'zf;g / cfly{s ljsf;sf] If]qdf g} s]xL
ug{ ;Sof] . ;/sf/n] u7gtfsf lnPsf] /fxt of]hgf
hgtfsf] nflu k'm:;f ;fljt ePsf] 5 . b}lgs hghLljsf
;d:ofn] hgtf lk/f]ln/x]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/df /x]sf JolQmx
g} ljleGg c;+jw} flgs / u}/sfg'gL lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg
eO/x]sf tYox k'li6 eO/x]sf 5g\ . ;]gf, k|x/L,
sd{rf/Lnufotsf ;a} ;]jf eb|uf]n ePsf 5g\ . sxLF,
st} g}ltstf / Odfgbfl/tfsf uGw;d]t kfOFbg} . dfgf}F
g]kfn ljs[ltsf] cv8f xf] . oxfF h;n] h] dg nfU5, ToxL
ug{ kfpF5, /f]Sg], 5]Sg] s]xL 5}g, sf]xL 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf
;/sf/n] NofPsf] ;'zf;g sfod ug{ / cfly{s ljsf;
tyf ;d[l4 sfo{of]hgf klg pxL 8\ofsf]====== x'g] kSsf 5 .
;fFRr} ;/sf/n] ;'zf;g / cfly{s ljsf; tyf ;d[l4tkm{
b]znfO{ ws]Ng] xf] eg] 7"nf] tfdemfd u/]/ 7"nf7"nf sfo{of]hgf
Nofpg cfjZos 5}g . hgtfsf b}lgsLnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}}{
lgod, sfg'gnfO{ lbuf] 9n] nlIft ub}{ cufl8 a9\gk' 5{ .
hgtf cfk\mgf] b}lgsLnfO{ lnP/ c:tJo:t ag]sf 5g\,
;/sf/, To; ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ 5f]8/] cGoq df]l8Psf]
5, h;n] ubf{ g ;/sf/n] NofPsf] sfo{of]hgf ;kmn x'G5,
g hgtfn] /fxtsf] cg'ej ug{ kfpF5g\ . t;y{, ;/sf/n]
7"nf7"nf sfo{of]hgf b]vfP/ hgtfnfO{ e'nfpg vf]Hg'eGbf
hgtfsf b}lgs hghLljsf kIfnfO{ ;d]6b\ } hgtfnfO{ ;fy
lnP/ cufl8 a9\g' g} pko'Qm x'G5 . clxn] g]kfnL hgtf
efif0f xf]Og, /f;g rfxG5g\, s'/f ;'Gg xf]Og, sfd x]g{
rfxG5g\, JolQm xf]Og, Jojxf/sf] cg';/0f ug{ rfxG5g\,
r]tgf eof .

b]zdf zflGt, ;'Joj:yf /

ljsf; ;a} g]kfnLxsf] rfxgf
xf] . o;k|lt k|lta4 x'g'
g]kfnLxsf] st{Jo xf] .
g] k fn ;/sf/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;"rgf ljefu

/fatOfc t]u %! 3fd nf; *^)@

k|wfgdGqLsf s'/f d'vdf /fd /fd aunLdf ==

k| w fgdGqL 8fS6/ afa' / fd
e/fO{n] kbaxfnL ubf{sf] If0fdf
zflGt, ;+lawfg, / tTsfn hgtfnfO{
/fxt x'g] sfo{qmd ;/sf/sf] klxnf]
st{Jo x'g5
] elg 3f]if0ff ub}{ g]kfns}
Oltxf;df ;do cg'sn
' ;/sf/L ;]jf
;'lawf afkt /fHon] k|bfg ug{
ljnfzL uf8L gr9\g] :jb]zL >ddf
lgld{t d':tf+u uf8L r9\g] lg0f{o u/]/
;lhn} cfd hgtfsf] Wofg cfk"mlt/
lvRg ;kmn x'g' ePsf 8fS6/ e/fO{
;dosf] x/]s sfn v08df qmdzM
cfk"mn] u/]sf k|ltaQmf Pad l;4fGt
lakl/t :vlnt x'bF } ljjfb} ljjfbsf
aLr cfgf] sfo{sfnsf] ofqfdf
tlNng x'gx' g' 5
\ ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf]
g]kfn laB't k|flws/0fn] u/]sf]
nf]8;]l8+usf] rsf]{ df/df pkef]Qmf
k/]s} a]nf jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] pkxf/
:j?k h:t} k] 6 f ] l nod kbfy{ d f
hgtf ?jfpg] u/L u/]sf] d"Noa[l4sf]
la/f] w df b] z e/ ;j{ ; fwf/0f
la/f]wdf plqg afWo ePsf 5g 7fpF
7fpdf ePsf] aGb x8\tfnn] b}lgs
hLjgdf k|ToIf c;/ k'us
] f] 5 eg]
pBf]u sn sf/vfgf k|fo 7Kk ePsf
5g b}lgs sfd u/]/ u'hf/f ug'{kg]{
kl/jf/df ;6 pTkGg ePsf] 5
a9]sf] d'Nodf ;d]t vl/b ug{
pkef] Q mf alGrt x' g ' k/] s f] 5
;xh?kdf cfk"lt{ x'g ;ls/x]sf]
5}g . d"No ljl4 x'gd' f ;/sf/ nufot
d'n'ssf d'Vo bnx? bf]ifL b]lvG5g
k6sk6s d"No a[l4 ubf{ ;d]t
g]kfn cfon lgudsf] 3f6fdf sld
gx'g' eg]sf] cfZro{ nfUbf] laifo xf]
olb vl/b d"No eGbf laqmL d"No
sd eP dfq 3f6f x'gk' g]{ ;fdfGo
l;4fGt lakl/t oxfF To:tf] ePsf]
b]lvb}g ;wF}e/L lgudnfO{ 3f6fdf
b]vfP/ ul/g] d"No a[l4 Gofo ;t
5}g ;j{k|yd lgudnfO{ 3f6fdf
k' ofpg] s' g s' g txsf
sd{rf/Lnufot /fhgLlts bnaf6
k|ltlglwTj ug{]x? 5g\ ltgLx?nfO{
PsPs u/L sf/afxLsf] bfo/fdf
NofP/ lgikIf 5fglag u/L ;To tYo
;fj{hlgs ug{ ;/sf/sf] st{Jo xf]
!@ df3 @)^* sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf
k|sflzt pkef]Qmf clwsf/sdL{
clwaQmf Hof]lt aflgofsf] egfOnfO{
cfwf/ dfGg] xf] eg] d"No a9fpg' kg{]
lyPg eg]/ tYo ;lxt ;dfrf/
k|sflzt ePsf] 5 lgudn] u/]sf]
df]hd:tL pkef]Qmfn] lsg ltg{] < eGb}

tftf] ax;
5qaxfb' / d} g fnL
s'g} klg a:t'df % k|ltzt eGbf
a9L Ps} rf]6L efp a9fpg' eg]sf]
hgtfdflysf] ;/sf/sf] ck/fw ;/x
xf] eg]/ 7f]s'jf ug{ ePsf] 5 olb
algoflhn] eg]sf] ;To xf] eg]
hgtfn] Gofo kfpg' kb{5 hgtf
dfly ;/sf/n] ck/fw u/]sf] xf] eg]
sfg'gsf] s73/fdf pEofpg] sfd cbfntsf] 9f]sf 9s wSopg]_ klg
clwaQmf aflgof hLnfO{ o;} n]v
dfk{ m t\ t \ cg' / f] w ub{ 5 ' . tfsL
jf:tljs laifoa:t' pk/ sfg'gL
pkrf/ kfP/ pkef]Qmfn] sfg'gL /fHo
sf] dxz'; ug{ kfpg k|wfgdGqL
8fS6/ afa' / fd e/fO{ Psflt/
e|i6frf/ z'Go ;xgzLntf eGg]
csf]{lt/ e|i6frf/df sdL gfpg] xf]
eg] Tof] eGg'sf] tfTko{s] xf] <
e|i6frf/s} sf/0f ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf
;+3 ;+:yfgf? lbg k|ltlbg w/fzfoL
x'Fb} hfg'df sf] bf]ifL xf] < PsPs
u/L 5fglag u/] / ;To tYo
;fj{hlgs xf];\ eGg] dfu ub{5' .
h;/L jt{dfg ;/sf/n] /fhwfgLsf]
6flkms ;d:ofnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{
;8s km/flsnf] agfpg], ;8ssf]
hUuf{ ldr]/ ag]sf 3/ 6x/fx?
wdfwd x6fpg] cleofgdf nfu]sf]
5 s]lx c;Gtf]if afx]s ax';+Vos
;j{;fwf/0fx? af6 ;dy{g k|fKt
ePsf] 5 /fhwfgLsf] 6 f lkms
Aoa:yfkgdf lbg k|ltlbg ;d:of
x'Fb} uPsf] avt ;/sf/L of] sbdn]
;sf/fTds ;+b]z k|jfx ePsf] 5 .
To;} u /L e| i 6frf/ ;DalGw klg
Oltxf;s} zlStzfnL cfof]u agfP/
lg:kIf 5fglagu/L e| i 6frf/df
d'l5Psf hf] sf]xLnfO{ lxDdtsf ;fy
sfg'gsf] s73/fdf pEofpg ;Sg'
kb{5 . tTsflng /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] df3
!( ut] rfn]sf] sbd kZrft u7g
ePsf] zfxL cfof]u h:tf] geO{ ;a}
If]qnfO{ ;d]6\g ;Sg] / sf/afxLsf]
nfuL ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ lagf
k"jf{u|xL 9+un] l;kmfl/; u/L k7f}gf
;Sg] /fhgLlts clek|fon] clek|l] /t
gePsf] lg:kIf b]z / hgtfsf] kIfdf
nfu]/ lg0f{o lng ;Sg] lg8/ :jR5
5aL ePsf] x' g ' kb{ 5 .
e|i6frf/Lx?nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ?kd}

pkl:yt u/fP/ hgtfsf] k|ToIf

pkl:yltdf b08 ;hfo ul/g' kb{5 .
ha;Dd e|i6frf/sf] h/f ;dfhsf]
x/]s If]qaf6 pvfn]/ ofSg ;lsGg
ta ;Dd o;n] ;Dk"0f{If]qnfO{ k|efljt
kfb}{ ca/f]w l;h{gf ul//xG5 . ta
dfq e|i6frf/ z'Go ;xgzLntfn]
d"t?{ k wf/0f unf{ ls < ;+lawfg;efdf
k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts
bnsf ^)! k|ltlglwx?n] ;dod}
;+lawfg n]vg sfo{, zflGt k|lqmof,
n8fs' ;dfof]hg tyf k'g{:yfkgf
sfo{nfO{ a]jf:tf ubf{sf] kl/0ffd cfh
lgbf] { i f pkef] t f{ x ? afWo eP/
/fhgLlts bnx?n] u/]sf] a]OdfgLsf]
;hfo ef]Ub} 5g\ . d'n'snfO{ cfly{s
;dj'l4 dfk{mt\t\ eljiosf] lazfn
of]hgfdf tlNng x'g' kg]{ a]nfdf Ps
cfk;df s'6fs'6, ufnL unf]h,
cf/f]k k|Tof/f]k, ub}{ /fhgLlts
;+qmd0fsf gfddf b]znfO{ aGws
agfpg] sfd u/]sf 5g\ h;n] d'ns
'
lbg k|ltlbg gfh's cj:yfdf u'hg|
k'us
] f] 5 l5d]sL @ lazfn b]z ef/t
/ rLg lardf /x]/ pgLx?n] u/]sf
b|'tt/ lasfz lgdf{0fsf] sfd cfg}
cfFvf cuf8L emNemnL b]Vbf ;d]t
xfd|f /fhgLlts bnsf cu'jfx?sf]
r]t v'Ng g;Sg' of] eGbf 7'nf] b'ef{Uo
b]z / hgtfsf] nfuL s] x'g ;Sb5 <
d'ns
' nfO{ ;dj[l4 agfpg ;j{ky| d
cfly{s If]qs} lasfz gu/L ;Dej
x'Fb}g cfgf] ePsf k|fs[lts ;|f]t /
;fwgnfO{ k|r'/ dfqfdf k|of]u ub}{
cfjZos k/]sf cGo ;|f]tx? cfoft
u/]/ klg lasfz lgdf{0fsf] sfo{nfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsG5 h;sf] nfuL
/fhgLlts bnx?df b[9 OR5f zlSt
rflxG5 x}g eg] sfnfGt/;Dd xfdL
dfu]/} u'hf/f rnfpg' lzjfo csf]{
ljsNk b]lvFb}g pbfx/gsf] nfuL
clk|msg d'n's n];f]yf] ;+a}wflgs
/fhtGq ;+;bLo Aoa:yf ePsf] e"
kl/a]li7t /fi6 xf] $ cS6f]a/ !(^^
df la|6g] af6 :jtGq ePsf] of] /fi6,
s'n If]qkmn #),#%% ju{ lsnf]ld6/
cf]u6]sf] n];f]yf]sf] cy{tGq lx/f /
l5d]sL d'n'snfO{ kfgL a]r]/ cfpg]
/sd g} d'Vo cfwf/ xf] k|fs[lts
;|f]t / ;fwgnfO{ s;/L pkof]u u/L

d'n'ssf] cy{tGqnfO{ alnof] agfpb}

nfuL /x]sf] 5 eGg] kf7 n];f]yf]af6
l;Sg ;lsG5 . eg] xfd|f] b]z klg
e"kl/a]li7t /fi6 xf] xfdL;Fu ckf/
hn;|ft] sf] ;|ft] 5 To;}u/L agh+un
hl8a'6L nufot cGo ;Defljt
vlgh kbfy{x?sf] e08f/ /x]sf] 5
d'ns
' nfO{ cfly{s ?kdf ;jn gagfP
;Dd lasfz x'gg\ eg]/ kmnfSg]x?n]
s'g k':tfdf k'u]/ u/]sf] afrf k'/f
ug{ x'g\ < ;/sf/n] u/]sf] d"No a[l4
;do cg'sn
' gePsf] x'bF f k'glj{rf/
u/L hgtfnfO{ /fxt sfo{qmd cg';f/
t'?Gt ;RofP/ jf:tljs /fxt k|bfg
ul/of];\ . ^)! hg ;ef;bx?n]
lgwf{l/t ;dodf ;+lawfg lgdf{0f
sfo{;DkGg ug{g;Sg] k6s k6s Dofb
yk]/ /fHosf] 9's6' L l/Tofpg] clg
b}lgs clt cfjZos a:t'df d"No
a[l4 u/]/ ;/sf/n] hgtfsf] 9f8
;]Sg] sfd sbfkL Gofo ;t x'g
;Sb}g t;y{ of] d"No a[l4nfO{ t'?Gt
lkmtf{ lnP/ g]kfn cfonlgud leq
ePsf] e|i6frf/sf] zlStzfnL cfof]u
agfP/ lgudnfO{ k'Ug uPsf] Iflt
c;'n pk/ ug{ lxDdt ;/sf/n] lng'
kb{5 ;/sf/L :jfldTjdf /x]sf g]kfn
cfon lgud, g]kfn afo';j] f lgud,
laB' t k| f lws/0f nufot cGo
;+3;+:yfx? 3f6fdf hfg'sf] sf/0f hgtf
;fd' :k:6 ?kdf /flvg' kb{5, lglh
If]qsf x/]s Jofjzfo k|fo gfkmfdf
hfg'sf] sf/0f / ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf]
k|foM ;a} 3f6fdf hfg'sf] sf/0f
n]vfhf]vf u/L lx;fa lstfa ug{] lbg
cfPsf] 5 pbfx/0fsf] nfuL a'4 Pc/nfO{
lng ;lsG5 ! j6f ladfgaf6 ;]jf
;~rfng u/]sf] ;+:yf cfh x]bf{ x]b{}
cGt/f{li6o p8fg eg{ ;kmn ePsf] 5
s'g} kfgL Aoazofdf Aoa:yfkg kIf
;jn e}lbof] eg] ;kmntfsf] r'r/' fdf
k'Ug s'g} cfOtaf/ kv{g' kb}g{ eGg] of]
HjnGt pbfx/0f xf] . s] of] Ps ;kmn
gd'gf x}g / < ;/sf/n] lglh If]qaf6
kf7 l;Sg] ls gl;Sg] < ;/sf/L
:jfldTjdf /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ pBf]u,
snsf/vfgf, ;+3 ;+:yfgx?df cfg}
akf}tL 7fg]/ ;s]sf] a|Dxn'6 ub}{ hfg]
ljleGg axfgfdf 3f6f dfq k|:t't ub}{
hfg] xf] eg] ;Ldf ;lsP kl5
lx;falstfa r'Qmf ug{ lbg klg
cfpg;S5 eGg] b'/ b[li6 /fv]/ cuf8L
a9]df dfq ;a} kIfsf] lxt x'g5
] cGoyf
c/fhstfsf] k/fsfi7fdf d'ns
' / d'ns
'
af;Ln] si6 ef]lu/xg' kg]5
{ .

zf}rfno gagfpg] sd{rf/Lsf] gfd ;fj{hlgs

bf . ;/sf/L sd{rf/L, lzIfs
jf ;fj{ h lgs kb wf/0f u/] s f
JolQmx?n] ! dlxgf leq 3/df
zf}rfno gjgfPdf gfd ;fj{hlgs
ug]{ cfh 3f]/flxdf a;]sf] lhNnf
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;dGjo
;ldlt bfsf] a}7sn] lg0f{o u/]sf]
5 . lhNnf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{
;dGjo ;ldltsf cWoIf Pj+ :yfgLo
ljsf; clwsf/L lji00f'k;
| fb kf]vn
]| sf]
cWoIftf Pj+ ;Nnfxsf/ k|dv
' lhNnf
clwsf/L Clif/fd zdf{sf] k|d'v
cfltYodf j;]sf] j}7sn] tflnd
l;ldgf/ / uf]li6x?df klg ;/;kmfO{
cleofgnfO{ hf]8g\ ] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
;j} ;/sf/L sfof{nodf klg clgjfo{
zf}rfno x'g' kg]{ ePsf] 5 . s]lx
uflj; Pj+ :jf:Yo rf} l s /
ljBfnox?df kfgL ;lxtsf zf}rfno
gePsf]n] clgjfo{ agfpg ;lDjlGwt
lgsfPaf6 lgb]z
{ g ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
sd{rf/Ln] t agfPsf 5}gg xfldn]
lsg agfpg] eg] / cleofgdf
;j{;fwf/0fn] cj/f]w ug{ yfn]kl5
s8f lg0f{o ug'{k/]sf] atfO{Psf] 5 .
a}7sn] b'Oj{ 6f gd'gf ;fj{hlgs
zf}rfno lgdf{0f ug]{ klg ePsf] 5 .
b]pv'/Lsf] wfgvf]nf / l/xf/df j;
lj;f}gL / dfgjLo rfkn] x'g] kmf]x/nfO{
Jojl:yt ug{ n}ls d}qL ;fj{hlgs

zf}rfno agfpg] ePsf] xf] . To;}

u/L s]xL ;do leq} !@ uflj; v'nf
lb;fd'Qm x'g] ePsfn] lt uflj;nfO{
8]9nfv ?k}ofFsf b/n] ah]6sf] dfu
ug]{ ePsf] 5 . lhNnfsf /fdk'/, x]sn
' L,
kjggu/, >LufpF , xnjf/,
nfndl6of, l;:xlgof, ;tj/Lof,
dfgk'/, ljhf}/L, uf]n6fs'/L / nlIdk'/
nufPtsf uflj; v'nflb;f d'Qm If]q
3f]if0ff x'g] tof/Ldf /x]sf 5g\ .
a}7sn] ;/;kmfO{ cIfosf]if %
nfvsf] :yfkgf u/L l56} lgb]l{ zsf
agfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf]] 5 . eg] ;/;kmfO{
;DjlGw klqsf k|sfzgsf] nflu ;fdfu|L
z+sng ug]{ ePsf] 5 . zf}rfnonfO{
;/;kmfO{sf] klxnf] cwf/ eGb} s'gk} lg
sd{rf/L, jf ;dfh;]jL jflx/ j;]/
lb;f u/]sf] cj:yf gx'g] kg]{ u/L
s8fO{sf ;fy hfg] atfPsf] 5 .
To;kl5 dfq} ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ zf}rfno
agfpg'sf kmfO{bf / j]kmfO{bfsf af/]df
a'emfpg ;lsg] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf] 5 .
eg] cgfj;]s ?kdf dfgjclwsf/sf
s'/f p7fO{ zf}rfno lgdf{0fdf cj/f]w
gug{ eg]sf] 5 . j}7ssf cWoIf
:yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L kf]v/]nn]
lgb]{lzsf cg'zf/ :yfgLo lgsfPn]
@) k| l tzt jh] 6 ;/;kmfO{ d f
5' 6 fPsf] eGb} dftxtsf ;a}
sfof{nonfO{ cleofgdf hf]8\g'kg]{

atfpg' ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L k|d'v

cltly k| d ' v lhNnf clwsf/L
Clif/fd zdf{n] clwsf/sf s'/f dfq}
gu/L cfjZostfsf] klxrfg u/L
cl3 j9\g' kg]{ atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
clwsf/ w]/} eO;Sof] cj cfjZostf
klxrfg u/L cl3 j9f}F . jxfFn]
eGg' e of] . vfg] k fgL cefjdf
zf}rfnodf ;d:of cfpg] eGb} jxfFn]
vfg]kfgL / zf}rfnodf k|of]u ug]{
kfgL km/s ug],{ j:tLx?nfO{ Jojl:yt
ug]{, cfkm\gf] ;lhnf]sf nflu jflx/
lb;f ug]{ jflg kl/jt{g ug],{ v'nflb;f

d'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ePsf :yfg Pj+

uflj;nfO{ lgoldt cg'udg u/]/
cl3 j9] k'0f{;/;kmfO{ cleofg ;kmn
x'g] bf gd'gf jGg ;Sg] jtfpg' ePsf]
5 . lhNnfsf :jfYo, dlxnf ljsf;,
lzIff, vfg]kfgL, lhlj; gu/kfnLsf,
/]8qm;, kqsf/ dxf;+3, nufPt ;+3
;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx? pkl:yt j}7ssf]
;~rfng lhNnf vfg]kfgL tyf
;/;kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{no k|dv
' Pj+
;dGjo ;ldltsf ;b:o ;lrj
u0f]zaxfb'/ yfkfn] ug'e
{ Psf] lyof] .
uf]ljGb v8\sf

hfkfgn] #) jif{tf klxnf]k6s

aflif{s Jofkf/df 3f6f a]xf]/]sf] 5 .
;g\ @)!! sf] dfr{df cfPsf] e"sDk
/ ;'gfdLsf ;fy} P]g lanof] eO{ lgof{t
sd x'Fbf hfkfgsf] Jofkf/ 3f6f
a]xf]gk{' /]sf] xf] . of] jif{ hfkfgn] em08}
@$ va{ () ca{o]g cyf{t sl/j
#@ ca{8n/ 3f6f ePsf] ;/sf/n]
a'waf/ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . hfkfgL
cy{dGqfnon] ;g\ !(*) otf of]
;a}eGbf 7"nf] Jofkf/ 3f6f ePsf]
atfPsf] 5 . hfkfgn] b] z leq
pTkfbg ug{ k|lt:kwL{ Ifdtf u'dfPsf],
hfkfgaf6 lgof{t c;lhnf] aGb}
uPsfn] ax'/fli6o sDklgx?sf KnfG6

cGoq ;l//x]sf] h:tf sf/0fn] Jofkf/

3f6f ePsf] hfkfg l/;r{OlG6Ro"6sf
clwsf/Lx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . hfkfgsf]
Jofkf/ 3f6fdf cfGtl/sdfq sf/0f
5}gg, sdhf]/ cd]/sL cy{tGq,
o'/f]k]nL C0f ;d:of / yfONof08sf]
af9L nufotsf cGt/f{li6o sf/0fn]
hfkfgsf] lgof{t 36]sf] 5 h;n] ubf{
p Jofkf/ 3f6fdf k/]sf] 5 . hfkfgn]
blIf0f sf]l/of, tfOjfg / l;+ufk'/af6
lta| k|lt:kwf{sf] ;fdgf ul//x]sf]
cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 . hfkfgaf6
7"nf KnfG6x? aflxl/b} ubf{ oxfF
/f]huf/Lsf] yk ;d:of x'g] cg'dfg
ul/Psf] 5 .

hfkfg #) jif{ k l5 Jofkf/ 3f6fdf

/fatOfc t]u %! 3fd nf; *^)@

kf6L{ Pstfa4 eP/

cufl8 a9]sf] 5
gldn]sf s'/f b'Oj{ 6} b:tfj]hdf cfcfk\mgf] 7fpdf /fv]/ s]xL ;femf
lgisif{x, lg0f{ox u/]sf 5f}, o;nfO{ xfdLn] ;femf k|:tfj eg]sf 5f} .
rf/ a'b ] ;xdltsf] cfwf/df ul7t ePsf] of] ;/sf/sf] ;Gbe{
;dfKt eO;s]sf] 5 . ca gof cfwf/xdf ;/sf/ lgdf{0f
ug]l{ t/ nfUg'k5{ .

;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL
) kf6L{ s f] s] G b| L o ;ldltsf]
a} 7 skl5 tkfO+ { x k| l zIf0f
sfo{ q mddf Ps eP/ k| : t' t
x' g ' e Psf] 5, s] ;fF R r}
kf6L{ l eqsf] ljjfb 6' l Ps}
xf] t <
o;df b'Oj{ 6f kf6fx 5g\, Pp6f
gldn]sf s'/fx 5g\, Pp6f ldn]sf
s'/fx 5g\ . gldn]sf s'/f b'O{j6}
b:tfj]hdf cfcfgf] 7fpFdf /fv]/
s]xL ;femf lgisif{x, lg0f{ox u/]sf
5f}F, To;nfO{ xfdLn] ;femf k|:tfj
eg]sf 5f}F . ldn]sf] s'/f oxL xf] .
To;df d'VotM g]kfnL qmflGtsf]
sfo{lbzf, tTsfn, kf6L{n] nfu" ug]{

sfo{gLlt / sfdsf/jfxLnfO{ cufl8

a9fpg tof/ ul/Psf] sfo{of]hgf g}
xf] . oL tLgj6f ljifodf xfd|f] ;xdlt
ePsf] 5 .
) o;/L cfgf ] kf6L { l eq}
z+ s fsf] l:yltdf tkfO{ + x n]
/fli6 o /fhgLltdf k| e fj
hdfpg ;Sg' x ' G 5 / <
cfhsf] g] k fndf /fli6 o
/fhgLltnfO{ kxnleq lng' lgs}
dxTjsf] s'/f xf] . xfd|f] Vofndf clxn]
xfdLn] h] kf; uof}F, ToxL s'/fn]
hgtfnfO{ c:ki6tf ePsf ljifox,
cfz+sf ePsf ljifo / lrGtf ePsf
/ u/]sf ljifoxnfO{ k|:6\ofpg

hgljb|fx] eGg] s'/f s]xL g]tfxsf] cfsf+Iff

/ nx8df x'g] s'/f xf]Og, hgljb|fx] t
hgtfsf] clwsf/, hgtfsf] r]tgf /
;+ul7t zlQmdf e/kg]{ s'/f xf] . g]kfndf
hgo'4 eof], hgcfGbf]ng eof], Tof]af6
cufl8 ;fl/Psf] k|:tfjxdf hgtf
;xdt 5g\ . olb oL s'/fxnfO{ sfFu|;
] ,
Pdfn]xn] a'em]gg\ eg] cfgf] clwsf/sf]
nflu hgtf ;8sdf cfpg] s'/f, ;+3if{df
cfpg], ljb|fx] df cfpg] s'/fnfO{ xfdLn]
:jfefljs 7fGg'k5{ .
--xfd|f] rfxgf ;xdltdf NofP/ b'Oj{ 6} ju{ /
b'Oj{ 6} b[li6sf]0f c6fpg ;Sg] / sfd ug{ ;Sg]
;xdltn] g} xf] eGg] xf] . t/, hxfF;Dd clxn]
t'?Gt} Ao'tF fpg] ls gAo'tF fpg] eGg] s'/f of]
;/sf/ / sfFu;]| Pdfn]sf] /a}ofdf e/ k5{ .
--;/sf/df hfg'k5{ eGg]df kf6L{ Ps 5 t/
;/sf/nfO{ ju{;3+ if{sf] df]rf{ s;/L agfpg] /
hgtfsf lj/f]wLx;u ;/sf/df a;]/ s;/L
;+3if{ ug]{ eGg] ljifo g6'lg'n] w]/} ;d:of k}bf
u/fPsf] 5 .

g]qljqmd rGb ljKnj, :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL

;lsG5 eg] xfdLnfO{ k/]sf] 5 lsgls
hgtfdf d'VotM dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ stf
hfnf eGg] cGof]ntf lyof], To;nfO{
xfdLn] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ hgjfbL qmflGt
k"/f ug]{ lbzflt/ g} cufl8 a9]sf]
5 eGg] :ki6 kf/]sf] 5f}F . bf];|f] ev{/
nfu" ug]{ eg]sf rflxF hgtfsf]
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{sf] lgldQ k|oTg
ug],{ ePg eg] hgtfnfO{ ljb|fx] sf]
lglDt tof/L xfntdf /fVg] / t];|f]
s'/f, clxn] hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg /
/fli6o :jfwLgtfsf] lj?4df h'g
if8\oGqx ePsf 5g\, To;lj?4df
hfu/0f cleofgx rnfpg] eGg]
:ki6 5 . oL s' / fxn] /fli6 o
/fhgLltnfO{ k| e fjsf/L 9n]
lgoGq0fdf /fVg ;lsG5 eGg] xfd|f]
dfGotf xf] .
) rf/ a' F b ] ;xdlt / ;] g f
;dfof] h g k| l qmoflj?4
tkfO{ + x n] rsf] { cfjfh
p7fpg' ePsf] lyof] , o;
ljifodf s] l Gb| o ;ldlt s] x L
gaf] n ] s f] h :tf] b] l vof] lg
xf] O g <
xf]Og, o;df xfd|f] b'Oj{ 6f b[li6sf]0f
5g\ . k|r08 / afa'/fdn] xfdLn] 7Ls}
u/]sf 5f}F eGg] k]; ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
xfdLn] Tof] uNtL eof] , Tof]
cfTd;dk{0flt/ hfg] vt/f eof] eGg]
/fv]sf lyof}F . of] b'O{j6f ljifo
sfo{stf{;Dd hfg kfpF5 . o;df
clxn] ev{/ Pp6fn] csf]{sf] k|:tfj
jf b[li6sf]0f :jLsf/ u/]sf] l:ylt
5}g .
) t/, tkfO{ + x n] eg] h :tf]
sfo{ s tf{
tf { tx;Dd k ' U bf
sfdsf/jfxL t 6' l ;Sg]
cj:yf 5 lg, xf]Og / <
xf], of] klg ;To xf] . s}of}F s'/fx
sfof{Gjogsf] tx;Dd hfg] ;Defjgf
klg 5 . To;}n] xfdLn] clxn] ljjflbt
ljifoxnfO{ sfof{Gjog gu/f}F eg]/
;xdlt u/]sf 5f}F .
) afa' / fd g] t [ T jsf] ;/sf/nfO{
lkmtf{
lkmtf { af] n fpg] elgPsf]
lyof] . clxn];Dd sfof{Gjog
ePsf] 5} g . s] oxL
;/sf/nfO{ /fli6o ;xdltsf]
;/sf/ agfpg]lt/ nfUg'ePsf]
t xf] O g <
rf/ a'Fb] / ;ft a'Fb] ;xdltsf]
cfwf/df ;+ul7t ePsf] of] ;/sf/sf]
;Gbe{ ;dfKt eO;s]sf] 5 . ca
gofF cfwf/xdf ;/sf/ lgdf{0f
ug]{lt/ nfUg'k5{ . of] s'/f afa'/fd
cfkm}Fn] klg a'g'kg]{ s'/f xf] .
) ;/sf/n ] xfn} NofPsf]
sfo{ o f] h gf
;' z f;gsf]
kf6L{leq 5nkmn eP/
;xdltdf NofOPsf] xf] <

;/sf/ / kf6L{sf] aLrdf tfnd]n

gaGg' g} xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ;aeGbf
sdhf]/ kf6f] xf] . w]/}h;f] ljjfbx,
w]/h
} ;f] ;d:ofx ;/sf/ / kf6L{aLr
ag]sf c;dembf/Lxn] g} ubf{ ePsf
5g\ . ;/sf/df hfg'k5{ eGg]df kf6L{
Ps 5 t/ ;/sf/nfO{ ju{;+3if{sf]
df]rf{ s;/L agfpg] / hgtfsf
lj/f]wLx;Fu ;/sf/df a;]/ s;/L
;+3if{ ug]{ eGg] ljifo g6'lg'n] w]/}
;d:of k}bf u/fPsf] 5 . tyflk
afa' / fdhLn] Nofpg' ePsf]
sfo{of]hgfsf] af/]df kf6L{leq 5nkmn
ePsf] 5}g .
) eg]kl5 clxn] klg kf6L{ /
;/sf/aLr tfnd ] n xx'' g
;ls/x] s f] 5} g <
;/sf/sf] af/]df s]lGb|o ;ldltn]
;/sf/ kmls{gk' 5{ cyf{t\ ;/sf/ gofF
9n] lgdf{0f ug'k{ 5{ eGg] lg0f{o u/]sf]
5 . To;sf/0f of] ;/sf/;Fu l;f]
kf6L{ Pstfa4 x'g] eGg] s'/} ePg .
) ;/sf/n] hg;Qfsf] lg0f{ o
nfu" ug] { atfPsf] 5, o;
ljifodf s] eGg' x ' G 5 <
;/sf/sf] of] lg0f{onfO{ xfdLn]
;sf/fTdskdf lnPsf 5f} F .
o;af/] d f hgtfn] , hgjuL{ o
;+u7gxn] klg ;dy{g ul/;s]sf
5g\ . cfjZos kof] eg] o;sf] kIfdf
hgkl/rfng klg ug]{ xfd|f] ;f]rfO 5 .
) tkfO{+x hg;Qfaf6 ;'? ub}{
hgcbfnt / hgkl/ifb\ klg
Ao'Ftfpg nfUg'ePsf] 5 eGg]
cGo bnxsf] cf/f]k 5 lg,
s] eGg' x ' G 5 <
dflg;x
cfcfgf]
:jfy{ c g' ksf s' / f p7fpF 5 g\ .
cfk" m nfO{ ;gs r9] s f] e/df
p7fpF5g\ . s'/f To;f] xf]Og, l;} /fHo
Joj:yf, /fHo k|0ffnLnfO{ hgtfsf]
xftdf Nofpg'k5{ eGg] dfcf]jfbL
b[li6sf]0f 5Fb}5 . of] PSn} a:bf
hg;Qf agfof], hgcbfnt agfof],
hg;] g f agfof] , o;n] hgjfbL
Joj:yfsf ;fdfGo cfwf/x lgdf{0f
u/] / cfPsf] xf] . xfd| f ] rfxgf
;xdltdf NofP/ b'Oj{ 6} ju{ / b'Oj{ 6}
b[li6sf]0f c6fpg ;Sg] / sfd ug{
;Sg] ;xdltn] g} xf] eGg] xf] . t/,
hxfF;Dd clxn] t'?Gt} Ao'Ftfpg] ls
gAo'Ftfpg] eGg] s'/f of] ;/sf/ /
sfFu|];Pdfn]sf] /a}ofdf e/ k5{ .
) tTsfnsf] l:ylt x]bf{ bnx
;+ l jwfg n] v geGbf cGo
ljjfbxdf
clNemPsf
5g\ . o;n] ubf{ ;dodf
;+ l jwfg aGg] 5fF 6 b] l vF b } g ,
o; ljifodf s] eGg' x ' G 5 <
sfF u | ] ; , Pdfn] s f] kZrufdL
b[li6sf]0f / kZrufdL Jojxf/sf] sf/0f

hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg aGg] ;Defjgf

lgs} Go"g eP/ uPsf] 5 . o;df
cem} ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5}g .
) s] o:tf] cj:yfdf hgljb|f]x
;Dej 5 <
hgljb| f ] x eGg] s' / f s] x L
g]tfxsf] cfsf+Iff / nx8df x'g]
s'/f xf]Og, hgljb|f]x t hgtfsf]
clwsf/, hgtfsf] r]tgf / ;+ul7t
zlQmdf e/kg]{ s'/f xf] . g]kfndf
hgo'4 eof], hgcfGbf]ng eof],
Tof] a f6 cufl8 ;fl/Psf]
k|:tfjxdf hgtf ;xdt 5g\ .
olb oL s' / fxnfO{ sfF u | ] ; ,
Pdfn]xn] a'em]gg\ eg] cfgf]
clwsf/sf] nflu hgtf ;8sdf
cfpg] s'/f, ;+3if{df cfpg], ljb|fx] df
cfpg] s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] :jfefljs

7fGg'k5{ .
) tkfO{+x cfgf] kf6L{sf] ljjfb
ldnfpg ;Sg' x' G g, b] z nfO{
s;/L ljjfbd'Qm agfpg
;Sg'x'G5 eg]/ k|Zg p7fOFb}5,
o; ljifodf s] eGg' x ' G 5 <
clxn] xfdLn] kf6L{leqsf] ljjfbnfO{
;fk]lIftkn] ldnfof}F eGg] g} xf] . Ps
r/0fnfO{ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ Pstfa4 eP/
g} cufl8 a9]sf] 5, o;df s'g} z+sf
dfGg'kb}{g . hxfF;Dd ;a} ljjfbx
ldNg] eGg] s'/f xf], Pp6f kf6L{df
ax;x eO/xG5, Tof] cufl8 klg
al9/xG5 . d'Vo s'/f kf6L{n] cfgf]
/ gab\nf];, hgtfsf] lhDd]jf/L
g5f] 8 f] ; \ , gTofuf] ; \ / /fHonfO{
kfGt/0f ug]{ 7fpF;Dd k'ofcf];\ eGg]
g} xf]], To;df xfdL b[9 5f}F .

;/sf/sf] af/]df s]lGb|o ;ldltn]

;/sf/ kmls{gk' 5{ cyf{t\ ;/sf/
gof 9n] lgdf{0f ug'k{ 5{ eGg]
lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . To;sf/0f of]
;/sf/;Fu l;f] kf6L{ Pstfa4
x'g] eGg] s'/} ePg .
--sfu;
]| , Pdfn]sf] kZrufdL
b[li6sf]0f / kZrufdL Jojxf/sf]
sf/0f hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg aGg]
;Defjgf lgs} Go"g eP/
uPsf] 5 . o;df cem} ;'wf/
cfPsf] 5}g .
--d'Vo s'/f kf6L{n] cfgf] /
gab\nf];, hgtfsf] lhDd]jf/L
g5f]8f];,\ gTofuf];\ / /fHonfO{
kfGt/0f ug]{ 7fpF;Dd
k'ofcf];\ eGg] g} xf],] To;df
xfdL b[9 5f}F .

/fatOfc t]u %! 3fd nf; *^)@

stf/sf] g]kfnL b"tfjf; lsg ;a}sf] ;femf x'g ;s]g <

dWok"j{ Pl;ofcGtu{t vf8L
d'ns
' stf/df /x]sf] g]kfnL b"tfjf;
/ /f] h uf/sf] nflu cfPsf]
g]kfnLx?sf] af/]df s'/f ubf{ rf/
jif{ cufl8sf] stf/df sfo{/t g]kfnL
>ldsx?sf] cj:yf / clxn] s f]
cj:yfdf w]/} g} cGt/ cfPsf] 5 .
pgLx?df ljsf; ePsf] r]tgf tyf
stf/ cfP/ ljrNnLdf k/]sf g]kfnL
>ldsx?sf] lxt / clwsf/sf] nflu
b"tfjf;n] v]n]sf] k|ToIf e"ldsfnfO{
cfk|jf;L g]kfnLx?n] slxn} e"Ng'
x' F b } g . lgof] u n] NofPsf] gofF
sfo{ z } n Ldf stf/sf ljleGg
;+ 3 ;+ : yfx?n] ;xof] u k' ofPsf]
sf/0fn] ubf{ b"tfjf; cfgf] of]hgfdf
;kmn ePsf] ;a}nfO{ 5n{ ePsf]
s'/f g} xf] . g]kfnL b"tfjf;sf] kxndf
g]kfnL >ldsx?sf] tnj ^)) af6
stf/L l/ofn *)) ug{'k5{ eGg]
cleofgdf klg stf/sf ljleGg
;+ 3 ;+ : yf / b" t fjf;n] v] n ] s f]
e"ldsfsf] af/]df s;}n] lj;{] k|of;
klg ul/g'x'b}g . /fhb"tn] >ldssf]
lxtdf lgefPsf] olx e"ldsfsf]
d"of{+sg ub}{ g]kfnaf6 bf]xf cfpg]
hf] sf]xL ljleGg bnsf g]tf nufot
k//fi6 dGqfno, a}b]lzs /f]huf/
ljefu, >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf
dGqfnosf pRr kbsf sd{rf/Lx?
cfpFbf x'g\ jf k|wfgdGqL jf /fi6klt
bf]xf cfpFbf g} lsg gx'g\ . /fhb"tsf]
sfo{zn
} Lsf] sfo{dN" of+sg x]/L pgsf]
sfo{sfn ylkg'kg{] dfu ;lxt y'k}|
ljGtLkq klg stf/jf;L ;d'bfoaf6
r9fPs} xf] . stf/sf ljleGg
;d'bfox?n] u/]sf] of] cg'/f]wnfO{
;/sf/af6 ;'gj' fO{ ePg . s'g} klg
sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{sfn ;lsPkl5 :jb]z
lkmtf{ hfg'nfO{ ;fdfGo ?kdf lnP/
a:g' l;jfo xfdLdf c? s'g} ljsNk
klg /x]g . /fhb"t ld>sf] stf/
cfudgkl5 7ubnfnx?af6 ePsf]
7uL / cGofo nufot stf/sf
ljleGg d'ns
' sf Joj;foLx?n] ug{
cJojxfl/s sfo{k|0ffnLaf6 kLl8t
g]kfnLx?sf] b"tfjf;df nsf]{ nfUg
yfn]sf] /fhb"t ld>sf] sfo{sfnsf]
;'?jftsf] ;dob]lv g} xf] . sdL
sdhf]/LnfO{ ;'wf/]/ k|:t't x'Fbf klg
g]kfnL Joj;foLx?nfO{ ;f}tfsf] ?kdf
x]g{] b"tfjf;sf] k"jf{ux| L ;f]r Jojxfl/s
lyof] ls lyPg egL s;}n] d'Nof+sg
ug{] ;do klg vlr{Pgg\ . ;/sf/n]
stf/sf] g]kfnL b"tfjf;df cfly{s
tyf cGo ;d:ofk|lt j]jf:tf u/]sf]
cj:yfdf b"tfjf;sf] Pp6f crDdsf]
tf}/tl/sf 5, Tof] tf}/tl/sf eg]sf]
oxfF l:yt ;+ 3 ;+ : yf tyf
Joj;foLx?sf] cufl8 cfly{ s
;xof]usf] nflu xft km}nfpg' .
/fhb"t ld> cfpg'cl3 g} stf/sf
ljleGg ;d'bfox?sf] ;+oS' t k|of;df
stf/df cfP/ ;d:ofdf k/] s f
g]kfnLx?sf] nflu sNof0fsf/L sf]ifsf]
:yfkgf ul/Psf] lyof] . g] k fnL
;d'bfox?sf] ldnL kLl8tx?sf] lxtsf]
nflu v8f ul/Psf] pSt sf]if stf/sf]
sfg'g cGtu{t a}w 5}g egL g]kfnL
;d'bfosf] cleofgnfO{ b"tfjf;af6
g} ljkmn agfO{of] . To; a]nfdf
sNof0fsf/L sf]ifnfO{ cj}w b]Vg]
/fhb"tsf] cfFvfn] clxn] ;dfhsf]
cufl8 ;xof] u sf] ofrgf u/L
;/sf/n] ;'gj' fO{ gu/]sf] d'4fnfO{ klg
kfvf nufP/ cfgf] Psn lg0f{o
cg';f/ b"tfjf;df sd{rf/L /fVg' s]
of] ;/sf/sf] gLlt cg'?k sfd
ul/Psf] lyof] t < /fhb"tn] ug{] Psn
lg0f{o s] ;fFRr} a}w lyof] t < g]kfnL
;d'bfox?sf] of] cleofgnfO{ lg?T;fx
kfg]{ sfd b"tfjf;af6 ePsf]df o;
cleofgdf nfu] s f ;Dk' 0 f{
cleofgstf{x?df ;xof]uk|lt pT;fx
36\g' kSs} klg b'MvbfoL s'/f xf] .
olb g]kfnL ;d'bfosf] sNof0fsf/L
sf]ifsf] cleofgnfO{ b"tfjf;n] ;xof]u

nId0f vltj8f
u/L Jojxf/df nfu" u/] s f] eP
b"tfjf;df a:g cfPsf kLl8tx?n]
olt 7"nf] ;d:of ef]Ug'kg]{ lyPg .
u}/ cfj;Lo g]kfnL ;+3sf tTsflng
cWoIf pk]Gb| dxtf]n] stf/sf] nflu
sNof0fsf/L sf]ifsf] nflu b; xhf/
cd]l/sL 8n/ lbg] jrga4tf u/]tf
klg g]kfnL b"tfjf;sf /fhb"tn]
;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaLr ;femf
vftf vf]Ng cj}w x'g] eGb} c;dy{
hgfPkl5 stf/af6 %) xhf/
l/onsf] xf/fxf/Ldf ;a}af6 af]lnPsf]
/sd tyf dxtf]n] k7fpg] elgPsf]
/sd s;}sf] JolStut vftfdf /fVg
gldNg] cj:yfdf To;a]nf 7'nf]
wg/fzL /fhb"ts} sf/0fn] u'dfpg'
k/]sf] s'/fnfO{ ;lDembf ax't b'Mv
nfU5 . >ldssf] lxtsf] nflu dfq
eg]/ p7fpg nfluPsf] $) %) nfv
xf/fxf/Lsf] /sdsf] of] cleofgdf
b"tfjf;af6 ljleGg axfgf agfO{
lakmn kfl/Psf] lyof] . Pgcf/Pgn]
cleofg :j?k NofPsf] sNof0fsf/L
sf]ifnfO{ b"tfjf;n] ;xof]u u/]sf] eP
clxn] b"tfjf;df sd{rf/L cefj
ePsf] cj:yfdf ;f]xL sf]ifsf] k};faf6
g} lghL b/aGbLdf sd{rf/L egf{
;lsGy]g / < o;sf] cnfjf d cfkm}n
F ]
klg kLl8tx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug{]eg]/
b"tfjf; hfFbf b"tfjf;af6 ef]u]sf] /
b]vs
] f] s]lx pbfx/0f k]; ug{rfxG5' .
b"tfjf;sf] ;]N6/df /x]sf kLl8t
g]kfnLx?nfO{ d}n] k|To]s dlxgf Ps
;o l/ofn lbg] 3f]if0ff ;lxt ha d
b"tfjf; uPsf] lyPF, dnfO{ klg ToxfF
lg/fz agfP/ k7fO{of] . To; ;dodf
/fhb"t ld>n] d}n] lbG5' eg]sf]
dfl;s ;o l/ofn lngnfO{ pxfFn]
c:jLsf/ ug'e{ of] . glng'sf] sf/0f;Fu}
pxfFn] k|:6 kfb}{ eGg'eof] ls b"tfjf;n]
cfgf] dof{bfnfO{ lal;{P/ cfly{s
;xof]u lng ldNb}g eGg] hjfkm cfof] .
lbg] OR5f ePsfx?n] b"tfjf;df
cfpg] u/]sf kLl8tx?nfO{ :jo+ e]6/]
cfkm}n
F ] lbg] pbL{ pxfFn] nufpg'eof] .
olb b"tfjf;sf] sd{rf/Ln] cfg} xftn]
lng gldNg] eP b"tfjf;n] g} cfJxfg
u/]/ ljleGg ;+3;+:yfnfO{ l6s6 tyf
/f;gsf] nflu cfJxfg ub}{ / cfk"mn]
ljleGg ;dfhaf6 k|bfg ul/Psf]
l6s6 / /f;g kfgL b"tfjf;sf]
sd{rf/Ln] a'emL lnPsf] kmf]6f]x? klg
ljleGg klqsfx? tyf cgnfO{gdf
5flkPsf] ;lrq pbfx/0f / k|df0fx?
xfdL;Fu 5g\ . s] To;/L lng'rflxF
ca}w ePg < /fhb"tsf] cfu|xdf
ljleGg ;+3;+:yf tyf ;dfh;]jL,
JojzfoLx?n] lbPsf] l6s6 lng' rflxF
s] Tof] a}w xf] < s] ;dfh;]jf ug{ /
s;}sf] b'vdf ;fy lbgsf] nflu
/fhb"tsf] lgufx kfPdf dfq a}w x'g]
xf] < :j:k" m t{ efjgfn] ;xof] u
ug{kfpg' s] xfdL k|jf;Lsf] bfloTj
xf]Og < /fhb"tsf] of] egfO{n] d h:t}
kLl8tx?sf] b'vdf ;fy lbg eg]/
sl:;Psfx?sf] lg:jfy{ ;xof]uL dgdf
7"nf] cf3ft k'us
] f] dx;'; ePsf] 5 .
ha ha b"tfjf;df 7"nf] ;+s6
cfO{k5{, To; cj:yfdf b"tfjf; o;/L
g} g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cufl8 nDk;f/
k/]/ ;xof]usf] ofrgf u/]sf] s}of}F
pbfx/0fx? xfdL ;dIf 5g\ .
b"tfjf;sf] sfd eg]sf] stf/df
cnkq k/]sf g]kfnLx?nfO{ g]kfn
kmls{g] jftfj/0f agfpg' dfq xf]Og .
sfg'gL ;d:of lgbfg u/]klg cfly{s
;+s6 kbf{ b"tfjf;n] u'xfg{] eg]sf]
oxfFs} g]kfnL ;dfhx?nfO{ xf] .
b"tfjf; olb ;fFRr} g} >ldssf] xs
lxtsf] nflu w] / } lrGtf lnP/
;sf/fTds ePs} lyof] eg] g]kfn
;/sf/af6 k7fO{Psf] @% nfv vr{
u/]/ dx+uf] uf8L lsGg] lyPgg\ .
lgsf;f ePsf] ;f] /sdsf] s]lx c+z
b"tfjf;df cnkq k/L 3/ hfg

gkfPsf kLl8tsf] xjfO{ l6s6 tyf

ljxfg a]n'sf pgLx?nfO{ b'O{ 5fs
eft vfgsf] nflu klg ah]6 5'ofpg
;SbYof] . u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;+3
eg]sf] s'g} JolSt xf]Og . ljZjsf]
ljleGg e"efudf :yfkgf ePsf]
dof{lbt ;+:yf xf] . u}/ cfjf;Lo
g]kfnL ;+3sf] af/]df h] h:tf s'/f
ul/Pklg uDeL/ k|s[ltsf] dfdnfdf
;xof]u ug{ ;w}F tTk/ 5 . Tolx
cg' ? k Ps jif{ c ufl8 g] k fnL
b"tfjf;df lkcf/cf] /fVg] cleofgdf
Pgcf/Pg stf/n] arga4tf hfx]/
u/]sf] lyof] . ha;Dd b"tfjf;df
Pgcf/Pgn] /sd hDdf ub} { g
ta;Dd lkcf/cf] egf{ gug{] /fhb"tn]
c8fg lnPsf lyP . kmn:j?k
Pgcf/Pgn] klxnf] r/0fsf] /sd
afkt !@ xhf/ l/ofn
dxfdlxdHo'nfO{ x:tfGt/0f uof] /
b"tfjf;df Pgcf/Pgsf] >f]taf6
lkcf/cf] klg lgo' S t ul/of] .
lkcf/cf]n] b"tfjf; 5f]8]/ uPsf]
dlxgf} F kl5 dfq Pgcf/PgnfO{
hfgsf/L u/fP/ b"tfjf;df hDdf
u/]sf] /sd lkmtf{ lng cfpg egL
pbL{ uof] . s] olx xf] b"tfjf;sf]
cK7\of/f] l:ylt cfpFbf ;xof]u ug]{
;+:yf k|lt b"tfjf;n] ug{ Jojxf/ <
Pgcf/Pgsf] nufgLdf lgo' S t
ul/Psf] lkcf/cf]n] sfof{no 5f]8]sf]
s]lx lbgdf g} Pgcf/PgnfO{ hfgsf/L
u/fpg ;Sy] g / < @))% df
tTsflng k|wfgdGqL lu/Lhfk|;fb
sf]O/fnfn] b"tfjf; gePsf] d'ns
" df
u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;+3 g} b"tfjf;
xf] eGb} Pgcf/PgnfO{ bf] > f]
b"tfjf;sf] ;+1f lbFb} >lds tyf
kLl8t g]kfnLsf] lxtdf ;xof]u ug{
tTk/tf b]vfpg] u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL
;+3nfO{ b"tfjf; ejgdf pgLx?sf]
clkml;on sfuhkqx? /fVgsf] nflu
b/fh /fVg lbg' egL ;j} b"tfjf;nfO{
eg]sf] s'/fnfO{ o; cl3sf k"j/{ fhb"t
ZofdfgGb ;'dgn] b"tfjf;df b/fh
/fVg lbPsf] af/]df stf/sf ;j}
;+3;+:yfsf JolStTjx?nfO{ yfxf
ePs} s'/f xf] . t/ dxfdlxd /fhb"t
8f= ;'og{ fy ld>sf] cfudg kl5 #%
lbg] ;"rgf hf/L u/L Pgcf/Pgsf]

b/fh x6fpg lgb{ ] z g lbO{ o f] .

Pgcf/Pgn] Pp6f b/fhsf] nflu dfq
sf]7f ef8fdf lnP/ /fVg c;Dej
ePsf] x'gfn] b"tfjf;sf] xnsf] s'gfdf
/x]sf] Tof] b/fh b"tfjf;s} s'g}
sf]7fdf aGbL ePsf] s'/f klg stf/df
a:g] ;j}nfO{ hfgsf/L ePs} xf] .
Tolx a] n f b] l v g} ;/sf/sf]
cfb]znfO{ cj1f ub}{ Pgcf/PgnfO{
zq'jt Jojxf/ ug{ yfn]sf] xf] . cfh
Tolx Pgcf/Pg;+u cg'go u/L
;xof]usf] ck]Iff ub}{ b"tfjf;df
sd{ r f/L egf{ ug{ ] e gL cfly{ s
;xof]usf] nflu xft km}nfpg' kg{]
cj:yf cfpFbf lxhf] Pgcf/Pgn]
NofPsf] sNof0fsf/L sf]ifsf] lehgnfO{
b"tfjf;n] kSs} klg ;lDemPsf 5g\
t < b" t fjf;df ljleGg sfdn]
cfpg]x?sf] nflu kfgL lkpg] s'n/sf]
Joj:yf ul/lbG5' eGbf klg /fhb"tn]
s'n/ /fVg gldNg] egL stf/sf wd{
/] U dL tyf ;dfh;] j L gf/fo0f
vgfnnfO{ klg lg/fzf agfO{
kmsf{Psf] lyof] . olb s;}n] lbPsf]
pkof]uL / dfgjLo ;xof]usf] nflu
k| b fg ul/g nfu] s f] a:t' n fO{
c:jLsf/ g} ug{' lyof] eg] b"tfjf;sf]
x/] s sf] 7 fsf] leQfdf ljleGg
;+ 3 ;+ : yfsf] gfd c+ l st 38L
e'm08ofpg'rflxF a}w xf] < cfk"mnfO{ dg
gk/]sf] s'/f 5g\ eg] /fd|} zLif{ /
;Gbe{df ;xof]u ug]x{ ?nfO{ klg b'Tsfg'{
/ cfgf] JolStut dfgl;stfsf]
pkhn] ug{ r fx] s f] sfddf eg]
;/sf/sf] cfb] z klg grflxg]
b"tfjf;sf] at{dfg sfo{z}nL eg]
cfZro{nfUbf] /x]sf] 5 . klxnf
nfO{;G] ; lbP/ ufl8 l;sfpg k7fpg]
b"tfjf;sf] of] gLlt slt lkmtnf] 5
eGg] s'/f dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] s]lx
pbfx/0fx? g} kof{Kt 5 . k|jf;L
;dfhx?sf] lxtsf] nflu u7g
ul/Psf] stf/sf] ljleGg ;fdflhs
;+:yfx?nfO{ ldnfP/ n}hfg'sf] ;f
;+:yfx?aLr a]dn
] sf] l:ytL l;h{gf
u/L cfgf] dfq u'0fufg ufpg] ;+:yfsf]
kIfkf]if0f ug{ b"tfjf;sf] 4}wrl/qn]
ubf{ stf/sf y'k|} JojzfoL tyf
;fdflhs ;+3;+:yfx?n] cGofo dx;';
ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . b"tfjf;n] ;]ts
' f]
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{k' g]d{ f o:tf] ;f}tg] L
Jojxf/ ug{ kSs} klg /fd|f] kIf xf]Og .

;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ (@ 3f/ dfx'/L

bf . clDjs]Zj/L dfx'/L kfng
;xsf/L ;+:yf 3f]/flxnfO{ lhcfO{l6
gfds ;+:yfn] cfh 3f]/flxdf (@ 3f/
d]lnkm]/f dfx'/L ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 .
lrtjg kl5 dfx'/L r/0fsf nflu
bf]>f] pko'Qm lhNnf eGb} bfnfO{
dfx'/L ljt/0f ul/Psf] ;+:yfsf If]qLo
k|ltlglw Pj+ ljt/0f sfo{qmdsf k|dv
'
cltly hgs l;+n] ;xsf/Lsf cWoIf
/fdx/L zdf{ kf}8o\ fnnfO{ x:tfGt/0f
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . dxsf] k|of]u ug]{
afgLsf] ljsf; u/f}F . eGg] gf/fsf
;fy ul/Psf] sfo{ q mddf jf] N g]
jQmfx?n] rf}/fl; Jo~hgdf kfO{g]
lrNnf] kbfy{jfx]s *# Jo~hg z'4
dxdf kfO{g] eGb} dxnfO{ Jofks
agfpg' kg]{ atfPsf lyP . t]n, g'g,
;+u} dxsf] klg Joj:yf u/L ls/fgf
k;nx?n] ljqmL ug'{ kg]{ atfP . eg]
xf]6n
] df jGg] vfhfdf dxsf kl/sf/
agfpg cg'/f]w ug'{ kg]{ wf/0ff /fv] .
vfgfdf dxsf] dfqf ldnfpg] jflgsf]
ljsf; ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff /fv] . To;}u/L
;/sf/L lgsfPdf slt dfx'/L 5 <
slt dx pTkfbg x'g5
\ / ljlqm ug]{
jhf/ sxfF xf] < eg]/ tYof /fVg'
kg]{ ;'emfj lbP . dfx'/L kfngsf] nflu
bfdf k|z:t ;Dejfgf x'Fbf klg
;/sf/L nufgL x' g g;s] s f] d f
cfnf]rgf u/]sf lyP .
bfdf dfx'/Lsf] nflu xfjfkfgL
r/0fsf] nflu tf]/L tyf lrp/L v]ltsf]

pj{/ e'ld ePsfn] pko'Qm jftfj/0f

ePsf] atfP . dlxnf j[4j[4f b]lv
x/]sn] ;lhn} dfx'/L kfNg kfnL
cfocfh{g ug{ ;Sg] eGb} To;sf
nflu ;/sf/L ;'ljwf / k|rf/ k|;f/sf]
Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ atfP . JolQmut
?kdf 3/3/df dx j]Rb} lx8\bf sd
u'0f:t/ / ld;fj6sf] vt/f x'g] eGb}
hjfkmb]lx x'g]u/L 6]8dfs{ nufP/
;+:yfut ?kdf j]Rg'kg]{ wf/0ff /fv] .
;+:yfn] ;g\ @)!@ df b]zsf ^
lhNnfx? ;'v]{t, bf, s}nfnL /
Ko' 7 fgdf sfo{ q md nfu' u/] s f]
hgfPsf] 5 . sfo{qmdf lhlj;sf
cfn]k clws[t ;'bg jxfb'/ l8;L,
;xsf/L l8lehg sfof{ n osf
hfu]Zj/ g]kfnL, dlg s0f{ Gof}kfg]
s[lifljsf; sfof{nosf wgaxfb'/ k'g,
bf pjf;sf ;lrj ;'Gb/ uf}td,
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf ;ljg
lk|of;g nufPtn] dGtJo /fv]sf]
sfo{qmd ;~rfng nf]s/fh ;'jl] bn]
ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

;fj{hlgs
:yfgdf
w"dk| fg gu/f}+ .

/fhgLltdf dlxnf ;xeflutf

k'gd e
;dfh ljsf;sf] nflu dlxnf / k'?ifsf] e"ldsf ;dfg x'G5 . o;sf
nflu dlxnfn] k'?if;/x ;xeflutf / k|ltlglwTjsf] clwsf/ kfpg' k5{ .
/fHosf gLlt lg0ff{os txdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutf cfhsf] ckl/xfo{tf
xf] . dlxnf clwsf/ :yflkt ug{ ;xL dfWod /fhgLltdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf
klg xf] . g]kfndf @))* ;fn dlxnfnfO{ dtflwsf/ k|fKt ePsf] xf] .
To;kl5 dfq} dtbftfsf] ?kaf6 g]kfnL dlxnfx?n] /fhgLltdf kfOtfnf
cl3 ;f/]sf x'g\ . dtflwsf/ k|fKt eP klg Tof] ;dodf ;+;b\ / dlGqd08ndf
dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt lyPg . @)!% ;fndf ePsf] lgjf{rgdf fl/sfb]jL
7s'/fgL lgjf{lrt x'ge
' Psf] lyof] . pxfFnfO{ g} g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf ;xefuL
k|yd dlxnf dflgG5 kl/jlt{t kl/k|]Iodf g]kfnsf] /fghLltdf ;+VofTds
lx;fan] dlxnfsf] pkl:yt a9L b]lvP klg cfly{s, z}lIfs, ;dfg sfdsf]
;dfg Hofnfh:tf clwsf/ sltko g]kfnL dlxnfn] cfh;Dd k"0f{?kdf
kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . dlxnfk|ltsf] of] wf/0ff sfod /xg'df /fHosf x/]s
lg0ff{os If]qdf dlxnfsf] e"ldsf gx'g' g} xf] . ;dfhdf dlxnfnfO{ x]g]{
b[li6sf]0f ;xL gx'g,' dlxnfsf] /fhgLlts ;xeflutf sd x'g,' nfdf] ;do;Dd
PsbnLo zf;g sfod /xg',' ;/sf/sf] Wofg cf}Bf]lus ljsf;df ghfg'h:tf
sf/0fn] g]kfnL dlxnfx? ljZj;d'bfodf ePsf kl/jt{gsf] k|efjaf/]
hfgsf/ /xg ;s]gg . /fhgLlts If]qdf dlxnfsf] e"ldsf Tolt k|efjsf/L
aGg ;s]g .
lj=;+= )$^ sf] cfGbf]ngkZrft )$& ;fndf g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg
hf/L eof] . pSt ;+ljwfgdf /fli6o;ef / k|ltlglw;ef gfds b'O{ ;bgsf]
Joj:yf lyof] . To;df /fli6o;efdf tLghgf dlxnf /fVg] Joj:yf ul/Psf]
lyof] . ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf u/]cg'?k )$* sf] cfdlgjf{rgkZrft
/fli6o;efdf tLg hgf dlxnf ;xefuL ePsf lyP . To:t} k|ltlglw;efdf
cf7hgf dlxnf k|ToIf dtbfgaf6 ;+;b\df k'Ug ;kmn eP . of] cjlwdf
dlxnfnfO{ /fHosf] x/]s lgsfodf ;dfg ;xefuLtf u/fpg] ljifo p7fg u/L
dlxnf ;f+;bx?n] /fHonfO{ bafa lbPsf lyP . dlxnfsf o:tf hfoh
dfuk|lt /fHosf] Wofg hfg} ;s]g . To;kl5 )%! df ePsf] cfdlgjf{rgdf
;fthgf dlxnf ;bgdf ;xefuL eP . pgLx?n] klg o;cl3 g} p7fpFb}
cfPsf] dlxnf d'2fnfO{ ;bg;dIf p7fP / )%@ ;fndf dlxnf dGqfnosf]
:yfkgf eof] . dlxnfsf] ;jfndf of] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ pknlAw lyof] . To:t}
@)%$ sf] :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf k|To]s j8fdf Ps hgf dlxnf ;b:o clgjfo{
/xg] Joj:yf ul/of] . of] csf{] dxTjk"0f{ pknlAw lyof] . To:t} )%^ sf]
cfdlgjf{rgdf eg] ;+;b\df dlxnfsf] ;+Vof j[l4 eof] . To;a]nf ljleGg
/fhgLlts bnsf] tkm{af6 !@ hgf dlxnf ;f+;bsf] ;bgdf k|ltlglwTj
lyof] . o; cjlwdf dlxnf ;f+;bx?sf] bafasf] sf/0f d'n'sL P]g P3f/f}+
;+zf]wg ljw]os ;+;bdf k]z eof] . of] ljw]osdf dlxnfsf]] ;Gbe{df ljif]ztM
b'O{j6f ljifo lyP . k}Q[s ;DklQdf 5f]/LnfO{ 5f]/f;/x ;dfg clwsf/ /
ue{ktgnfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf lbOg'kg]{ ljifo . b'O{ gDa/df pNn]lvt ljifo
kf; eP klg klxnf] gDa/sf] ljifonfO{ ;bgdf Ps xftn] clwsf/ lbg] /
csf{] xftn] lng] u/L kf; ul/of] .
hgcfGbf]ng )^@ ^# sf] ;kmntfkl5 )^# df3 ! ut] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg
@)^# hf/L eof] . o;n] dlxnfdflysf] e]befjsf] cGTo, k|hgg :jf:Yosf]
xs, dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fnfO{ b08gLo agfpg], k}Q[s ;DklQdf 5f]/f;/x
5f]/LnfO{ ;dfg clwsf/ ;+j}wflgs ?kdf :yflkt uof] . cGtl/d ;+;b\df
ljleGg /fhgLlts bnaf6 %& hgf dlxnf ;f+;bx?sf] ;bgdf pkl:ylt
/Xof] . ;fy} o; cjlwdf dlxnf ;f+;bx?sf] ;Ghfn s;sf] lgodfjnL /
dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/ P]g ;bgaf6 kf; ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnsf]
Oltxf;df dlxnfsf] /fhgLlts ;xeflutfsf] sf]0faf6 x]bf{ of] 7"nf] pknlAw
xf] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgkl5 ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf u/L !(& hgf
dlxnf ;ef;bx? ;+;b\df pkl:yt 5g\ . xfn sfod ;+ljwfg;efsf !$
j6f ;ldltdf $ j6f ;ldltsf] ;efklt dlxnfx?n] k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ .
To:t} Joj:yflksf ;+;b\sf] !) j6f ;ldltdf klg $ hgf dlxnf ;efkltsf]
pkl:ylt 5 / ;+ljwfg;efsf] pkfWoIf kbdf klg dlxnf k|ltlglwTj 5 .
o;/L @)!% ;fnsf] ;+;bLo lgjf{rgaf6 Ps hgf dlxnfn] /fhgLltdf
;fg{ePsf] kfOnfsf] pknlAw cfh;Dd cfOk'Ubf clxn] Jofks j[l4 ePsf]
5 . tyflk cGwsf/df ?dlnO/x]sf] dlxnf ;+Vof klg sd 5}g . /fhgLltdf
;xeflutfsf] ;jfn t stf xf] stf, cem} klg st} dlxnfnfO{ dlxgfjf/L
x'Fbf 3/df a:g glbg] rng sfod} 5 . Tof] cj:yfdf pgLx?nfO{ ;"o{sf]
k|sfz gkg]{ 7fpF PsfGt uf]7df nu]/ /flvG5 . To; If]qdf 5fpk8Lk|yf,
e'mdf / b]psL k|yfsf gfddf dlxnf tfl8t g} x'g' k/]sf] 5 . cem} klg
g]kfnsf y'k|} 7fpFdf dlxnfnfO{ af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf lb;flk;fk v'jfOG5 .
g]kfns} t/fO{ ;dfhdf clxn] klg y'k|} dlxnfn] cfk"m ul/a kl/jf/df
hlGdPsf sf/0f bfOhf] Nofpg g;s]sfn] kltsf] 3/af6 lg:sg' k/]sf] 5 /
sltko dlxnfnfO{ oxL lgxFd
' f dfl/Psf] klg 5 . Psn dlxnfnfO{ ;dfhdf
x]g{] b[li6sf]0fdf kl/jt{g cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . of] ;a} x'g' eg]sf] dlxnfn]
;lqmotfk"j{s gLltlg0ff{os txdf ;xeflutf ghgfP/ klg xf], To;}n] klg
dlxnfn] /fhgLltdf ;lqmo ;xeflutf hgfpg} k5{ . /fli6o hgu0fgf
@)^* sf] tYofsf] k|f/lDes glthfcg';f/ clxn] g]kfndf k'?ifeGbf
dlxnfsf] ;+Vof a9L 5 . of] cjlwdf dlxnfn] cfgf] clwsf/ :yflkt ug{sf
nflu /fhgLlt nufot cGo ;a} lgsfodf ;xeflutf hgfpg' clgjfo{ 5 .
To;f] ug{ ;lsof] eg] dfq} ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ;Dej x'G5 .

/fatOfc t]u %! 3fd nf; *^)@

k|jf;sf] g]kfnL kqsfl/tf / k|jf;L g]kfnL kqsf/ ;~hfn

ljZjsf dfglrqdf Pp6f ;fgf] b]z
g]kfnsf xfdL g]kfnLx? cfh ljZjsf
ljleGg b]zsf s'gfsfKrfdf ljleGg
:j?k / ljleGg tl/sfn] cfgf]
pkl:ylt hgfO{/x]sf 5f}+ . ljz]if u/]/
cWoog /f]huf/L / Joj;fosf nflu
ljleGg b]zdf 5l/P/ /x]sf g]kfnLx?
blIf0f Plzof afx]ssf /fi6x?df sl/j
#) nfv /x]sf] cg'dflgt cfFs8f 5 .
k|jf;L g]kfnL xf]: of u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnL
h'g gfdn] lrlgP klg xfd|f] pkl:ylt
jf:tljstfdf Pp6f g] k fnLsf]
klxrfgsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf]
dfof g]kfnL cg'el" t g]kfnL ;+:s[lt
g]kfnL /xg;xg cflbsf] k|rf/ k|;f/
xf];\ of o;sf] hu]gf{sf nflu k|jf;df
/x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] e'ldsf cToGt
dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] pbfx/0fx? xfdL ;fd'
5n{ g} 5 .
k|jf;df /x]sf #) nfv eGbf
al9 g] k fnLx?n] ljleGg If] q df
;+ul7t eP/ sfo{ ug{nfO{ ;d:of
;dfwfg ug{ tyf ;+:s[lt k/Dk/fsf]
hu]gf{ ug{ ;fd'lxs ?kdf rf8jf8
dgfpg tyf Joj;flos ?kdf sfo{
ul//x] s f 5g\ . ltg} ;+ u l7t
:j?kx?sf sf/0f cfh k|jf;df /x]sf
g]kfnLx?n] ;fdflhs Joj;flos
k]zfut /fhgLlts wfld{s eflifs
;fF:s[lts :j?ksf ljleGg ;+3
;+u7gx?sf] lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ /
k| j f;df klg g] k fnL ;fF u 7lgs
ultljlwx? df} n fPsf 5g\ .
ljZjel/sf g]kfnLx?n] cfk"m /x]sf]
b]z jf zx/df ul7t o:tf ;+3
;+ : yfx?sf ultljwLx?nfO{
;~rf/dfWod;Dd n}hfg tyf k|rf/
k|;f/sf nflu ljleGg d'ns
' df ljleGg
lsl;dsf g]kfnL ldl8ofx?sf] ljsf;
ePsf] 5 . g] k fnL ;fF u 7lgs
ultljlw a9\b} hfFbf k|jf;df g]kfnL
kqsfl/tfsf] ljsf;n] klg ult
lnPsf] xfdL ;fd' :ki6 5 . ljleGg
cgnfO{g j]eklqsf 5fkf klqsf
6]lnlehg cgnfO{g /]l8of] tyf
6]lnlehg cflbn] ;dfrf/ ;Dk]|if0f
tyf ;]jf lj:tf/ ul//x]sf 5g\ .
k|jf;df g} sfo{/t g]kfnLx?sf]
;s[otfdf :yflkt ;+rf/ u[xx? tyf
g]kfnsf k|ltli7t ;+rf/ u[xx?n] klg
k|jf;df /x]sf g]kfnLx? ljrdf ;+rf/
pBd ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy cfgf ;+rf/
u[xx?sf] lj:tf/ ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
ljleGg ;+rf/ dfWoddf ;+nUg /lx
g]kfndf kqsfl/tf u/]/ xf];\ of
k|jf;df g} cfP/ kqsfl/tfsf] ;'?
u/]sf g]kfnL kqsf/x?sf] cg'dflgt
cfFs8f sl/j !% ;osf] xf/fxf/Ldf
/x]sf] 5 hf] clxn] klg k|jf;jf6
g]kfnL kqsfl/tfdf tlNng /x]sf
5g\ . ;dfhsf] P] g fsf] ?kdf

s'df/ sfsL{
lrlgPsf] g]kfnL kqsfl/tfn] ljb]z
klg df}nfpg] cj;/ kfO{/x]sf a]nf
g]kfnL kqsf/x?sf] 5ftf ;+u7g
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf k|jf; ;Dks{
zfvfx? klg lj:tf/ x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .
xfn sl/j ( b]zdf ul7t k|jf;
zfvfx?df cfj4 kqsf/x?n] g]kfnL
kqsfl/tfnfO{ ;+ul7t ?kdf cl3
a9fpg d2t ul//x]sf 5g\ .
ljifo k|;u+ nfO{ hf]8g\ k' bf{ k|jf;df
sfo{/t g]kfnL kqsf/x? ljleGg
b]zdf ;+ul7t x'g] qmd al9/x]sf a]nf
ljZjel/ 5l/P/ /x] s f g] k fnL
kqsf/x?sf] ;femf kmf]/d lgdf{0f
ug{sf nflu Pp6f k|of;sf] yfngL
cS6'j/ @))( af6 ePsf] 5 . g]kfn
kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] 5ftf d'lg /xg]
u/]/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] k|jf;L g]kfnL
kqsf/ ;+hfn ljlwjt ?kdf !@
cS6'j/ @))( df :yfkgf eO{ ljleGg
b]zdf sfo{/t g]kfnL kqsf/x?nfO{
o;df ;dflxt ug{] k|of; eO{/x]sf]
5 . g]kfnL kqsfl/tfsf] O{ltxf;df
of] Pp6f kxnsbdL sfdsf] ?kdf
lnO{Psf] 5 . ljZje/Lsf g]kfnL
kqsf/x?nfO{ Pp6} 5ftfd'lg Nofpg]
k|of; :j?k ut !! cS6'j/ @)!)
df sf7dfF 8 f} + d f ;DkGg ljZj
;Dd]ng4f/f ul7t tby{ sfo{;ldltn]
sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 . s'g} klg gofF
sfdsf] ;'?jft ug{nfO{ sl7g g} x'G5
tyfkL lt sl7gfO{x?sf] ;fdgf ub}{
cufl8 a9\g'kb{5 . ljZjel/ 5l/P/
/x] s f g] k fnL kqsf/x?nfO{ of]
cleofgdf ;fd]n ug{ klg Pp6f
r'gf}lt xf] / Tof] r'gf}ltnfO{ jt{dfg
sfo{;ldltn] ;fdgf ub}{ g]kfnL
kqsf/x?sf] xslxt Joj;flos ;'/Iff
cflbdf lg/Gt/ k|of; ub}{ ef]nLsf
lbgdf Pp6f kl/kSj ;+:yfsf] ?kdf
cl3 a9\g]5 . ;+:yfdf cfj4 x'g jf
u/fpgsf nflu kxn ul//xFbf klg
o:tf cg]sf}+ r'gf}tLx? cfpg] ub{5g\ .
xfn k|jf;df /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] ;+:yf
vf]Ng' jf vf]ns
] f ;+:yf ljgf pknlJw
lgl:s[o x'bF } hfg] k|rng Pp6f df]8n
]
h:tf] ePsf] 5 . o;sf d' V o
sf/0fx? ;+:yfk|lt ;DjlGwt If]qsf
k|ltlgwLx?sf] rf;f] gx'g' k|efjsf/L
sfo{qmdx? Nofpg g;Sg' ;DjlGwt
kIfnfO{ ;+:yfsf] cjwf/0ffsf af/]df
oy]i6 hfgsf/L gx'g' tyf ;+:yf k|lt
nugzLn gx'g' g} x'g\ . h;/L k|jf;L
g]kfnL kqsf/ ;+hfnnfO{ ljZjJofkL
g]kfnL kqsf/x?sf] ;femf kmf]/dsf]
?kdf cl3 Nofpg] cjwf/0ff k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5 To;sf] oyfy{ cjwf/0ff
k|jf;df /x]sf ;a} kqsf/x?n] cem}
klg a'g ;Sg' ePsf] 5}g of t

a'emfpg] qmddf xfdL r'ss

] f] xf}+ o;sf]
d'Nofsg cfkm}df x'g' klg h?/L 5 .
;femf ;+hfnsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ljsf;
ug{sf nflu ;a}n] ;femf cleofg
yfn]sf] v08df jf cleofgnfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbg] jf phf{ k|bfg ug{
cfkm} + nfu] s f] v08df ;+ h fnsf]
cleofgn] ;fy{stf cjZo kfpg]5
/ o;sf nflu k|jf;L g]kfnL kqsf/
;+ h fn (ENJN) ;b} j nflu
kl//xg]5 . k|jf;L g]kfnL kqsf/
;+hfn cfkm}+df k'0f{;+:yf eO{;s]sf]
5}g of] Pp6f cleofgsf] ;'?jft dfq
xf] . s'g} klg cleofgsf] lj:tf/ ug{
jf ;+u7gsf] lj:tf/sf nflu Pp6f
:6]l/ sld6Lsf] cfjZostf cjZo
kb{5 Tolx :6]l/ l6dsf] lgdf{0f
xfdLn] cS6'j/ @))( df u/]sf xf}+ .
;f] l6dsf] ;+of]hg o'PO{df sfo{/t
hfls/ x';g} n] ug{e
' Psf] 5 eg] g]kfn
kqsf/ dxf;+3sf ;Dks{ zfvfx?
/x]sf b]zsf zfvfx?nfO{ o;sf]
;b:osf] ?kdf cl3 ;fl/Psf] 5 .
To:t} cleofgsf] ;'?jft b]lv g}
;Dks{ d f /x] s f b] z sf Pshgf
k|ltlgwLnfO{ o;sf] ko{jI] fssf] ?kdf
dgf] g og u/L o; ;+ h fnsf]
cjwf/0ffnfO{ lj:tf/ ug{ yfngL
ul/Psf] 5 . ;+hfndf ljleGg b]zdf
sfo{/t g]kfnL kqsf/x?nfO{ cfj4
u/fpg] cleofg :j?k o;sf] ;'?jft
b]lv g} ljleGg b]zdf 6f:skmf];|
sld6Lx?sf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfn
kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] ;Dks{zfvfx?
lj:tf/ gePsf /fi6sf kqsf/x?sf]
k| l tlglwTj ;f] l x 6f:s kmf] ; |
sld6Lx?n] ug]5
{ g\ / ltg} 6f:skmf];|
sld6LnfO{ cfufdL lbgdf ;s[o
agfpb} d't{?kdf cl3 a9fO{g]5 .
cS6' j /df sf7dfF 8 f} + d f ;Dd] n g
cfof]hgf ug{' k"j{ g} @! j6f /fi6df
6f:skmf];| ;ldlt u7g u/]/ cfly{s
g}lts ;fFu7lgs ;xof]u tyf ;'emfj
;+sng ug{ sfo{ ul/Psf] lyof] /
;f]lx phf{sf sf/0f g} of] ;+hfnsf]
lgdf{0f ;Dej ePsf] xf] . s'g}klg
cleofgn] ;kmntf kfpgsf nflu
;a}sf] ;xsfo{ clt g} cfjZos
kb{5 . @! j6f b]zdf ul7t o;
;+hfnsf 6f:skmf];| sldl6x?sf]
lqmoflzntfsf sf/0f of] ;+hfnsf]
u7g ;fy} ljZj ;Dd]ng ;Dej eP
h:t} ltg} 6f:skmf];| sld6Lx?sf]
lqmofzLntf lg/Gt/ sfo{n] dfq of]
cleofgsf] p2] Z o xfl;n
ug{;lsg]5 . o;sf nflu ;a}n]
cfgf] 7fpaf6 sfo{ ug{ clt g} h?/L
5 . xfdL k|jf;df /x]/ kqsfl/tf
ug{ g]kfnL kqsf/ xf}+ . ;Dk'0f{ g]kfnL

kqsf/x?sf] 5ftf ;+u7g g]kfn

kqsf/ dxf;+3 g]kfndf lqmofzLn
5 / To;sf ljb]z ;Dks{zfvfx?
g]kfn jflx/ ( j6f b]zdf lqmofzLn
5g\ . g] k fn kqsf/ dxf;+ 3 sf]
5ftfd'lg /x]/dfq xfdL k|jf;L g]kfn
kqsf/x?sf] ljZjJoflk ;+hfn lgdf{0f
ul/Psf] 5 . xfdL k|jf;df /x]/
kqsfl/tf ug{ g]kfnL kqsf/x?sf]
klxrfgsf nflu klg g]kfn kqsf/
dxf;+3 ;Fusf] cfj4tf clt g}
clgjfo{ 5 . g]kfnL kqsf/ ePsf]
gftfn] g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf]
;b:otf lng' jf cfk"m sfo{/t b]zsf
/x] s f] ;/sf/L dfGotf k| f Kt
kqsf/x?sf] ;+u7gsf] ;b:otf lng'
clt cfjZos 5 . ;/sf/L dfGotf
k|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;b:otf lng'sf] kmfO{bf
ef]nLsf lbgdf cGt/f{li6o kqsf/
dxf;+ 3 sf] ;b:otf lng tyf
cfjZos k/]sf] v08df ;xof]u lng
;lsg] 5 . ljZjel/sf g] k fnL
kqsf/x?nfO{ o; ;+hfndf cfj4
u/fpb} g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf]
;b:otf lbnfpg' / g]kfn kqsf/
dxf;+3sf] l;kmfl/;df cGt/fli6o
kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] ;b:otf lbnfP/
ljZj kqsfl/tf hutdf g]kfnL
kqsfl/tfnfO{ :yflkt u/fpgsf
nflu of] ;+hfnn] kxn ul//xg]5 .
o; sfo{sf nflu ;+hfnn] ;Dk'0f{
k|jf;L g]kfnL kqsf/x?nfO{ cfJxfg
ul/;s]sf] 5 eg] k'g o; sfo{df
;xof]u tyf ;dy{g ug{sf nflu
xflb{s cfu|x ub{5 .
ljb]zsf ljleGg b]zdf k|jfl;Psf
g]kfnLx?sf] ultljlwsf sf/0f b}lgs
;of}+ ;dfrf/x? pTkfbg eO{/x]sf 5g\ .
lt ;dfrf/x?nfO{ ldl8of;Dd NofP/
k|efjsf/L agfpg cem} klg ;lsPsf]
5}g . g]kfnL ultljwLx? cToGt}
k|efjsf/L 5g\ tyfkL lt ultljwLx?sf]
plrt d'Nofsg x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
To:tf ultljwLx?sf] ;dfrf/ ;Dk]i| f0f
ug{ kqsf/x?n] klg plrt 7fFp;Dd
;dfrf/x?nfO{ ;Dk]i| f0f ug{g;ls/x]sf]
cfhsf] of] cj:yfdf ;Dk'0f{kj| f;L g]kfnL
kqsf/x?sf] ;dfrf/nfO{ ;+sng u/L
ljt/0f ug{ Go'h a}s
+ sf] cfjZostf
5 . ;f] Go'h a}s
+ sf] :yfkgf u/L ljleGg
;+rf/ dfWodnfO{ ;dfrf/ ljt/0f
ug{;s]sf] v08df k|jf;sf] g]kfnL
kqsfl/tfnfO{ Joj;flos ?kdf cl3
a9fpgsf nflu d2t k'Ug]5 . o;sf
nflu k|jf;L g]kfnL kqsf/ ;+hfnn]
ljz]if kxn ;'? u/L k|jf;sf] g]kfnL
kqsf/LtfnfO{ Joj;flos ?kdf cl3
a9fpg]5 .
+nv
] s k|jf;L g]kfnL kqsf/ ;+hfnsf
;lrj tyf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3
;Dks{ ;ldlt stf/sf cWoIf x'g .

b|t" dfu{sf] d'cfAhf ljt/0f ;'? kqsf/nfO{ sfu;

]| sf] wDsL

/fhwfgLaf6 t/fO{ hf] 8 \ g ]

kmfi66ofs lgdf{0fsf qmddf hUuf
clwu|x0fdf k/]sfx?nfO{ ;/sf/n]
d'cfAhf ljt/0f ;'? u/]sf] 5 .
k|wfgdGqL 8f=afa'/fd e/fO{n] b|'t
dfu{ lgdf{0fsf] sfdnfO{ k|fyldstfdf
/fVg lgb]z
{ g lbPsf] ef]lnkN6} jf6
lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no dsjfgk'/n]
d'cfAhf ljt/0f ;'? u/]sf] xf] . k|dv
'
lhNnf clwsf/L lbg]z e/fO{n]
/fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx?sf]
/f]xa/df d'cfAhf ljt/0f u/]sf x'g\ .
dsjfgk'/sf] 5ltjg uflj;* sf
t'n;L/fd nfld5fg]sf] ( sf ;ft
w'/ hUufsf] d'cfAhf /sd ?= @ nfv
*) xhf/ k|ltsfsf b/n] @^ nfv
!* xhf/ / 5ltjg^ sf rGb|sd
' f/
/fO{sf] $ sf !) w'/ gDa/L hUufsf]
!@ nfv ^) xhf/ ?k}of"sf] r]s
hUufwgLnfO{ cfOtjf/ x:tfGt/0f
ul/Psf] xf] . lhNnf k| z f;g
sfof{nodf ePsf] d'cfAhf ljt/0f
sfo{qmddf g]skf Pdfn]sf ;lrjfno

;b:o Pjd\ k"j{;f+;b s[i0f bfxfn,

PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf ;x;]qm]6/L
an/fd an, g] k fnL sfF u | ] ; sf
ej;fu/ >] i 7 nufot g] t fx?
;xefuL lyP . &^ lsnf]ld6/sf] 5f]6f]
b"/Lsf] kmfi6 6ofs vGg] sfd g]kfnL
;]gfn] lg/Gt/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . !@
ld6/ rf}8fO /x]sf] kmfi6 6ofssf]
$@ lsnf]ld6/ 6ofs vlg;s]sf]
atfOPsf] 5 . &^ lsnf] l d6/
nDafOsf] b|'t dfu{sf] %^ lsnf]ld6/
efu dsjfgk' / df kb{ 5 .
dsjfgk'/df dfq @ ;o $* lsQfsf]
! xhf/ $ ;o ( sf hUuf clwux|0f
ug{k' g]{ / To;sf nflu #) s/f]8eGbf
a9L /sd vr{x'g] k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/L e/fO{n] atfP .

5f] / f;/x
5f] / LnfO{ klg
:s' n k9\ g
k7fcf} + .

g]kfnL sfFu|]; ndh'sf Ps

sfo{stf{n] kqsf/sf] xft sf6\g] wDsL
lbPsf 5g\ . cfgf] kf6L{s"nsf]
;dfrf/ gcfPsf] eGb} g]kfnL sfFu;
]|
;' G b/ahf/ ufpF sfo{ ; ldltsf
;efklt d'/nL s'dfnn] g]kfn kqsf/
dxf;+3 ndh'sf ;lrj Pj+ ndh'
va/ b}lgssf sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs
gjLg/fh s'Os
F n
] nfO{ 6]lnkmf]gdfk{mt\t\
o:tf] wDsL lbPsf x'g\ .
s'dfnn] s]xL lbgcl3 ndh'
SofDk; ;'Gb/ahf/df ePsf] 36gfsf
;DaGwdf d+unaf/ k|sflzt ndh'
va/df n] l vPsf] ;DkfbsLosf
af/]df c;Gt'li6 hgfpFb} xft sf6\g]
/ klqsf hnfpg] wDsL lbPsf]
s'OFs]nn] atfP . s'dfnn] ;f]xL
36gfsf] tl:a/ lvRg] qmddf csf{
kqsf/ c~hgs'df/ lxdfnLnfO{
Sofd/faf6 tl:a/ x6fpg bafa lbFb}
b'Jojxf/ u/]sf] kLl8t lxdfnLn]
atfPsf 5g\ . s'OFs]n uf]/vfkq
b}lgs, Od]h 6]lnlehg;Fu cfa4 5g\

eg] lxdfnL hgcf:yf ;fKtflxs;Fu

;d]t cfa4 5g\ .
36gfsf] lhNnfdf lqmofzLn
ljleGg ;~rf/ ;Da4 ;+3;+:yfn]
lj1lKtdfk{mt\t\ lgGbf Pj+ eT;{gf
u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3
ndh' zfvfsf cWoIf s[i0f s];L,
k|]; rf}tf/L g]kfn ndh' zfvfsf
cWoIf O{Zj/ kf08], g]kfn k|;
] o'lgog
ndh'sf cWoIf s[i0feujfg >]i7,
qmflGtsf/L kqsf/ ;+3 ndh'sf
;+ o f] h s jf;' b ] j yfkf, OG;] s
ndh' sf k| l tlglw s[ i 0fk| ; fb
clwsf/L / cflbjf;L hghflt
kqsf/ ;+3 ndh'sf ;lrj cfz
u'?n] ;+oS' t ?kdf lj1lKt k|sflzt
u/L 36gfsf] eT;{gf u/]sf x'g\ .
lj1lKtdf nf]stflGqs kl/kf6Ldf
klg ;~rf/sdL{dfly wDsLk"0f{ efiff
/ u'08fubL{ z}nLsf] k|of]u ug{]
u}/lhDd]jf/k"0f{ ePsf] eGb} bf]ifLpk/
t' ? Gt sfg' g L sf/afxL ug{
k|zf;g;Fu dfu ul/Psf] 5 .

/fHosf] x]/fOdf k|f1x

dfwjk|;fb bfxfn
g]kfnsf] jt{dfg lzIff k|0ffnLnfO{ x]//] eljiojf0fL ug]{ xf] eg] cfpFbf s]xL
bzsx;Dd g]kfnsf] lzIff cj:yf cfhsf] eGbf emg} sdhf]/ / lbzfxLg eP/
hfg] kSsf 5 . lzIff xfl;n ug{ eg]sf] pT;'stf, ufDeL{tf, l;h{ffTdstf, ;xgzLntf,
lhDd]jf/Laf]w, cg'zf;gsf] rfxgf a9\b} hfg' xf] . ha xfdL lzIffsf txut eof
r9\b} hfG5f},+ oL u'0fx xfdLdf uxg x'bF } hfg'kb{5 . xfdLxn] lng] lzIff JolSt
pkof]uL dfq geO{ ;dfhf]kof]uL x'gk' b{5 . xfnsf ljBfyL{xsf] lk9LnfO{ x]g] { xf] eg]
pNn]lvt u'0fx ljBfyL{ju{nfO{ IfL0f x'bF } uPsf] cfef; x'G5 . o;f] x'gs
' f] sf/0f
klxrfg gePsf] klg xf]Og . xfdLx ;a}n] c?nfO{ g} bf]if nufP/ kfgLdflysf]
cf]efgf] aGg] k|of; ul//x]sf x'G5f}+ . lzIff hLjgf]kof]uL gx'g,' lzIffn] cg'zfl;t
;dfh lgdf{0f ug{g;Sg'sf] sf/0f xfdLx cfkm} klg xf}+ t/ klg xfdL cfgf
kIfkftL Jojxf/xnfO{ ;Rofpg Jojxfl/skn] ;kmn ePsf 5}gf}+ . sf] slt
bf]ifL eGg] vf]hL t s;}n] unf{ / ul//x]sf] klg xf]nf . t/, of] kSsf xf] ls b]zsf]
lzIffsf] :t/ tn emg{s
' f] k5fl8 k|dv
' lhDd]jf/ /fHo g} xf] . /fHosf] zf;g
Joj:yf l:y/ gx'bF fsf b'ikl/0ffdx lzIff If]qdf dfq gk/L ;du| hLjgdf g}
kb{5g\ . To;}n] /fHosf] /fhgLlts l:y/tf ;Eo ;dfhsf] hu xf] . /fHosf]
ljleGg If]qnfO{ x]g] { b[li6sf]0f g} To; If]qsf] p:yfg jf ktgsf] sf/0f xf] .
hxfF;Dd /fHosf] k|f1xk|ltsf] b[li6sf]0f 5, Tof] g} jt{dfg sdhf]/ lzIff
k|0ffnLsf] sf/0f xf] . /fHon] clxn] pTkfbg u/]sf] hgzlStnfO{ xfdL a'l4hLjLxsf]
eL8 t eGg ;sf}n+ f t/ ljfg eGg ;Sb}gf}+ . a'l4hLjL / ljfg JolStdf w]/} cGt/
5 . a'l4hLjL To:tf] JolSt xf] h;n] cfgf] hLljsf rnfpgsf nflu cfk"m;Fu
ePsf] a'l4 / IfdtfnfO{ qmozlSt;Fu ;f6\5 . cfgf] cGtlg{lxt annfO{ ahf/df
laqmL ug{ x/bd pBt /xG5 . Pp6f a'l4hLjLn] cfk"mdfq lhpgsf nflu jf egf}+
cfk"m pRr :yfgdf k'Ugsf nflu cg]s xts08f ckgfpF5 . o:tf] JolSt pRr
kbd} k'u] klg cGttM p;n] cfgf] dfq} JolStut k|ultdf Wofg lbG5 / cfTd
k|z;+ fsf] ef]saf6 slxNo} c3fpFbg} . a'l4hLjL JolStn] cfk"mnfO{ hlxn] klg :jR5
jf c:jR5 v]nsxdf k|lt:kwL{ agfO/xG5 . p;n] c?sf] a'l4sf] sb/ klg
ub}g{ / c?sf] cfnf]rgf p;sf b}lgs sfo{x cGtu{t kb{5g\ . jf:tjdf
a'l4hLjL JolSt c/fhs klg x'g;S5 / To:tf JolStaf6 /fHon] jf ;dfhn]
ck]Iffs[t kmfObf lng ;Sb}g . t/, ljfg To:tf] JolSt xf] hf] an]sf] aQLn] h:t}
pHofnf] 5g{ ;Ifd x'G5 . ljfg JolSt cg'zfl;t, dof{lbt, zfnLg, lhDd]jf/,
uDeL/, lgikIf / ;j{q k'Ho x'G5 . p;df rft't{ f, kfv08Lkg / 3[0ff x'bF g} . p;n]
;a}nfO{ Goflos cfFvfn] x]g]{ Ifdtf /fVb5 . xfd|f] b]zsf] lzIffk4ltn] pTkfbg
u/]sf clwsf+z JolStx a'l4hLjLx dfq 5g\ t/ ljfg 5}gg\ . jf:tjdf
/fHon] g} ljfg jf k|f1xnfO{ klxrfg ug{;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
/fHo rnfpg] /fhgLlts kf6L{n] xf] . xfd|f] b]zsf k|dv
' kf6L{sf] k|f1nfO{ x]g]{
gh/ Psbd} ]ifk"0f{ 5 . cfgf] kf6L{ zf;g nDAofpg kf6L{n] k|f1xnfO{ k|fl1stfdf
hf]8 lbg'eGbf kf6L{] k|rf/s jf /Ifssf] kdf k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . Pp6f b]zsf]
z}lIfs cj:yf Tolta]nf dha't x'G5 hlta]nf k|f1x cg';Gwfg, /rgf, ;dfnf]rgf,
vf]h, cGj]if0f tyf cflj:sf/df tNnLg x'G5g\ . t/, clxn] k|fl1s kbdf cf;Lgx
oL s'g} klg sfddf eGbf a9L tNnLg /fhgLlts rfnafhLdf dfq kfOG5g\ .
elgG5, df5fsf] an kfgLdf x'G5 . To:t} k|f1xn] klg cfgf] an k|fl1stfdf
vf]Hg'kb{5 . /fhgLlts kf6L{] ;lqmo sfo{stf{ eP/ k|fl1s an vf]Hg' k|f1xsf]
sdhf]/L xf] eg] /fHon] klg cfgf] kf6L{ k[i7kf]if0f ug{ slyt k|f1xnfO{ sfvL
Rofk]/ jf:tljs k|f1xnfO{ 5fofFdf kf/]/ lg?T;flxt ug{ g]kfnsf] lzIff k4ltnfO{
emg} kl5 ws]Ng' xf] . ljZjljBfnosf] g]tT[ jsf] kbdf kf6L{ efuj08f u/L lzIffsf
dlGb/xnfO{ /fhgLlts lqm8f:yn agfpg] k|of; ljutsf s]xL jif{df x'bF } cfPsf]
5 . o:tf] v]naf6 xfdLn] s;/L ;Eo gful/s / ;Eo ;dfh lgdf{0f xf]nf eGg]
ck]Iff /fVg ;S5f}+ / - ljfgxnfO{ a'l4hLjL x'g afWo kfg{ sfd :jo+ /fHon] g}
ul//fv]sf] 5 To;}n] t ljfgx a'l4hLjL x'bF } cGttM a'l4hLjL alg/x]sf 5g\ .
k|fl1s kbdf sfo{st JolStxsf] Ifdtf j[l4tkm{ /fHon] rfn]sf sbdx
klg k"jf{ux| Lk"0f{ 5g\ eg] kbf]Ggltsf nflu /flvPsf dfkg k|lqmofx klg xr'jf
5g\ . /fHon] Ifdtf j[l4sf cj;/x klg cf:yfsf ;uf]qLxnfO{ afF8kmfF8
ul//x]sf] 5 . kbf]Ggltsf s'/f ubf{ klg lglZrt ;do;Ldf;Dd ;]jf u/]sfxnfO{
:jtM a9'jf k|lqmof cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 . jf:tjdf s'g} JolStn] nfdf] ;do;Dd
;]jf u/]sf] eGb}df ;Ifd g} x'G5 eGg ;lsbFg} . ;Ifdtf t p;n] u/]sf vf]h,
/rgf, cg';Gwfg, cGj]if0f cflbsf cfwf/df ul/g'k5{ . aL; jif{df bz jif{] u/]sf]
e/df s;}sf] :jtM a9'jf x'G5 eg] Tof] j}1flgs x'g ;Sb}g . s;}n] aL; jif{df tL;
jif{j] f u/]/ klg gofF k':tfnfO{ lbg] pNn]Vo lnlvt rLh ;Fu 5}g eg] Tof] t
tnadf/f dfq xf] . To:t} s;}n] kfFr jif{dfq ;]jfdf /x]/ klg tL; jif{j] f ug{sf]
eGbf w]/} rLh gofF k':tfnfO{ 5f]8s
] f] 5 eg] p;sf] of]ubfgnfO{ pRr d"Nof+sg ug{]
kl/kf6L x'gk' b{5 . nfdf] ;]jf cjlwnfO{ kbf]Ggltsf] dfks dfGg' cj}1flgs dfq
geO{ cGofok"0f{ klg 5 . o:tf] Joj:yfn] /fd|f] sfd ug]x{ nfO{ xtf]T;flxt u/L
r'krfk a; sf] k|jl[ QnfO{ a9fjf lbG5 .
/fHon] clxn];Dd k|f1xsf] bhf{ ls6fg ug{;s]sf] 5}g . Pp6f ljBfno jf
ljZjljBfnosf] lzIfs, k|fWofkssf] ;/sf/L bhf{ s] xf] eGg] k|i6 5}g . lghfdtL,
k|x/L tyf ;]gftk{maf6 ljleGg kb;/x Pp6f k|f1sf] bhf{ sxfFg/] xf] t -p;n]
vfOkfO cfPsf ;'ljwfsf cfwf/df eGg] xf] eg] Pp6f lj=P= kf; u/]/ clws[t
eP/ ;]jf/t sd{rf/Lsf] ;'ljwf SofDk; k|dv
' xn] kfpg] ;]jf ;'ljwfeGbf a9L
5g\ . s] Pp6f Pd=P= jf lk=Pr=8L= u/]/ k|fWofkg ug{ k|fWofks lghfdtLtkm{
;'Aaf jf clws[t;Fu lg/Lx h:tf] aGg' Goflos bhf{ ls6fgL xf] t -Pp6f t[tLo jf
ljtLo >]0fLsf] clws[t l;=l8=cf]= jf Pn=l8=cf]= aGg kfpF5 eg] k|fWofks eO;s]sf]
JolSt lsg gkfpg] -oxfFg/] ;]jf, ;'ljwf tyf ;Ddfgdf k|f1x 7luPsf 5g\
h;nfO{ /fHon] t'?Gt ;Daf]wg ug{k' b{5 .
h'g b]zdf k|fl1s JolStTjxnfO{ /fhgLlts kf6L{n] cfgf] bf; agfO/xG5g\,
Tof] b]zdf lzIffsf] :t/ slxNo} dfly p7\bg} . k|f1xnfO{ kf6L{n] :jtGqkn]
sfd ug{lbg'kb{5 . jf:tjdf k|f1xnfO{ /fhgLlt ug{lbg' x'bF g} . pgLx Pp6f
ef]6/dfq aGg ;Sg'kb{5 . pgLxn] z}lIfs If]qsf] ljsf; tyf p:yfgdf dfq
sfd ul//xg'kb{5 . kf6L{sf] bafa cfPdf k|f1xn] To;sf] k|ltsf/ ub}{ k]zfut
dof{bfdf Psh'6 x'gk' b{5 . k|f1xn] /fhgLlts kf6L{nfO{ cfgf] JolStut k|ultsf]
eof agfpg'xbF' g} . olb s;}n] To:tf] u5{ eg] Tof] k|f1 x}g . p;n] k|fl1s k]zf
5f8]/ /fhgLlt ug{kfpF5 t/ k|fl1s vf]n cf]9/] /fhgLlts kf6L{ dltof/ aGg] xf]
eg] p;n] cfk"mnfO{ dfq geO{ l;+uf] b]znfO{ laufl//x]sf] x'G5 . k|fl1s If]qnfO{
/fHoaf6 ;Ddflgt u/fpg] lhDdf k|f1xs} xf] . cfly{s tyf zlStnf]esf sf/0f
l;+uf] lzIff If]qnfO{ abgfd ug{ sfd s'g} klg k|f1n] ug'x{ bF ' g} eg] /fhgLlt ug{ /
/fHo rnfpg]xn] klg k|f1xnfO{ k|fl1s sfddf dfq ;Lldt /xg k|l] /t u/]df
s]xL jif{df g} xfd|f] b]z z}lIfskdf ;jn / ;Eo aGg]5 . =

/fatOfc t]u %! 3fd nf; *^)@

bfsf] ljsf; / bf];f| ] cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn

dWoklZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf]
/fKtL c~rndf kg]{ bf lhNnfs} b]pv'/L
pkTosfb]lv pQ/df kg]{ Ps P]ltxfl;s
k|fs[lts ;|ft] / ;fwgn] kl/k"0f{ pkTosf
xf] . oxf"af6 cGgkft, bnxg / t]nxg
k|r/' dfqfdf lgof{t x'gY\ of] t/ clxn]
xl/of] jg g]kfnsf] wg rl/tfy{ ug{
o; lhNnf kxf8af6 cf]O/f] nfu]sf]
a;fO;/fO, clgolGqt a9\bf] dfgj
a:tLsf] rfk / jgh+unsf] plrt ;+/If0f
gx'g' s
' f] sf/0fn] pQ/ blIf0f eP/ aUg]
vf]nfx?n] o; pkTosfnfO{ l;+lrt u/L
h'g dfqfdf pj{ t'NofPsf lyP Tof]
clxn] v:s"bf] cj:yfdf 5 . jgh+unsf]
x|f;n] d"n tyf vf]nfx? ;'Sg yfn],
lkpg] kfgLsf] ;|ft] klg sd x'g yfNof] .
zx/Ls/0fsf] gfddf 3f]/fxL /
t'n;Lk'/df s]xL kSsL 3/x? lgdf{0f
x'g,' lgdf{0f eO;s]sf af6f3f6f s]xL
km/flsnf] kfg{, s]xLdf u|fe]n ug{, s]xL
dfqfdf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] cfjfudg a9\g,'
:jf:Yo, lzIff, ;~rf/, rnlrq
k|bz{gLsf] If]qdf s]xL ljsf; x'g' cflb
s'/fx?n] afXo?kdf oxf"sf] ljsf;
ePsf] h:tf] b]lvP klg jf:tljs x'gk' g]{
ljsf;af6 of] 7fp" 7luPsf] 5 . ljsf;
x'g nfu]sf zx/x?df x'gk' g]{ lah'nL,
vfg]kfgL, 9n lgsf;, ;/;kmfO{sf] /fd|f]
Joj:yf, pBf]uwGbfsf] ljsf;, oftfoft,
l;+rfO{, ;~rf/ cflbsf] plrt k|aGw,
:jf:Yo If]qdf Pp6f /fd|f] c:ktfnsf]
Joj:yf, lzIff If]qdf Pp6f k|fljlws
1fg tyf lj1fg SofDk;sf] :yfkgf,
jgh+ u n, tfntnfp, gbLgfnfsf]
cfjZos ;+/If0f, vlgh e08f/sf]
klxrfg tyf plrt Joj:yf OToflb
s'/fx?sf] oyf]lrt ljsf;sf nflu ca
;Dk"0f{ pkTosfaf;L Psh'6 eO{ nfUg'kg]{
a]nf cfPsf] 5 .
oxf"sf] k|fs[lts ;'Gb/ agfj6sf]
pko'St pkof]u tyf kof{Kt ;|ft] /
;fwgsf] cfjZos ;+/If0f Pj+ ;dj4{g
ug{;s] /fi6s} Ps ;d[4 lhNnf x'g]
s'/f lglZrt 5 . oxf"sf] kof{j/0f /
k|fs[lts ;DkbfnfO{ arfO{ /fVg o;
pkTosfsf] ;dtn e"efusf] pQ/tkm{
/x]sf] dxfef/tsf] km]bLdf h+unleq
/x]sf ;Dk"0f{ a:tL -h;n] dxfef/tsf]
blIf0ftk{m lnPsf] h+un ljgfz ug{ sfd
u/]sf] 5 ._ ;"u uf"l;P/ /x]sf] h+un
If]qsf] ;+/If0ffy{ pSt If]qnfO{ lgs'~h
jf cf/If agfpg lgtfGt cfjZos 5 .
ljutsf jif{df ePsf b'Oj{ 6f ljdfg
b'3{6gf / b'|tultdf a9\ b f] ljdfg
cfjfudgsf] rfksf] sf/0fn] ubf{ bf];f| ]
cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn km/flsnf] /
;'/lIft 7fp"df x'gk' g]{ cfjZostf dx;';
eO/x] s f] kl/k| ] I odf cGt/f{ l i6 o
l;dfgfaf6 6f9f /x]sf] blIf0ftk{m #)))
lkm6eGbf sd prfO ePsf / pQ/tkm{
dxfef/t ^))) lkm6eGbf sd prfO
ePsf >[v
+ nfx?n] 3]l/P/ /x]sf] d'ns
' s}
;a} e Gbf
7" n f]
k" j { b ] l v
klZrdtkm{nflDrP/ /x]sf] Ps ;'Gb/td
;'/lIft pkTosf ePsf] sf/0fn] bf
pkTosf g} b]zsf] Pp6f o:tf] pkTosf
xf] hxf" bf];f| ] cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn
lgdf{0f x'g cfjZos eO;s]sf] 5 . o;f]
x'g ;s]df bf lhNnfsf] ljsf; dfq
xf]Og a? klZrd g]kfns} pTyfg x'gs
' f
;fy} /fi6 lgdf{0fdf 7"nf] 6]jf k'Ug] 5 .
cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ubf{
Wofg k' ofpg' k g] { cg' s " n tf M-!_
cg' s " n hxfhsf] p8fg cjt/0fdf
s'lx/f]n] lgs} afwf k'ofp"5 hf] bf
pkTosfdf sd x' g ] ub{ 5 . hf8f]
df};ddf sf7df8f}+ / t/fO{sf lhNnfx?
h:tf] lbp" ; f] afx| ah] ; Dd /
slxn]sflx" @ ah];Dd s'lx/f] -x':;'_
nfUg] ub}{g h;n] ubf{ Visibility
cg's"n x'g] ePsfn] !@ ah] eGbf klxn]
x'g] Smooth lF ight a9L eGbf a9L
;~rfng x'g ;S5g\ . a9L eGbf a9L
Tourist flight x'g ;S5g\ . bf]kx/
kl5 x'g] lF ight rough (ournpy
and Tourbulent) x' g ] x' g fn]
ko{ 6 sx? To:tf] p8fgdf p8fg
?rfp"bg} g / p8fg klg c;'/lIft x'g5
\ .
To;}n] ljb]zL d'bf| cfh{g ug{ z'esfo{df
sdL cfpg'sf ;fy} Po/nfoG;x? 3f6fdf
hfg] ;Defjgf x'g5
\ . bfh:tf] 7fp"df
cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ug{;s]df
w]/} h;f] Po/nfoG;x?n] a9L eGbf a9L
hxfhx? oase ug{ ?rfp"5g\ h;n]
ubf{ laxfg ;a]/b} l] v ko{6s l;hgdf
a9L eGbf a9L ko{6snufot cGo
p8fgx? ug{;lsG5 / Po/nfoG;x?
gfkmfdf x'g] / ljb]zL d'bf| cfh{g ug]{
sfo{df klg ult cfp"5 . o;/L laxfg}bl] v
cg'sn
" b[Zofjnf]sg x'g] ePdf a9LeGbf
a9L p8fg x' g ;Sg] ePsfn]
Po/nfoG;x? klg kmfObfdf x'g\5g\,
ljdfg:yn klg kmfObfdf x' g \ 5 ,

gf/fo0fk|;fb
ofq'x?nfO{ klg s'lx/f]sf] sf/0fn] lF itht
Delay x'g uO{ cgfjZos lbSs nfUbf]
kvf{Odf kg{' kb}g{ . 9'jfgL x'gk' g]{ ;fdfg
klg oyf;dodf oyf:yfgdf k' U g
;Sb} g . xfn;Dd hxfh Oase
(Night stop) x'g] ljdfg:ynx?
Tolt pko'St 7fp"df gePsf sf/0fn]
g]kfnsf] xjfO{ oftfoftdf 7"nf] c9\rg
k} b f ePsf] 5, h' g ;d:of bf
pkTosfh:tf] /fd|f] b[Zofjnf]sg x'g]
7fp"df w]/} hxfh oase x'g ;Sg]
7"nf] ljdfg :yn lgdf{0f ug{;s]df
;dfwfg x'g;S5 h;n] ubf{ xjfO{
oftfoftsf] ljsf;df 7"nf] ;xof]u
k'U5 .
hxfh p8fg ubf{ Ps 7fp"af6 csf]{
7fp"df k'Ubf kyk|bz{gsf s]xL lglZrt
k| l qmofx? x' g \ 5 g\ h; cGtu{ t
Pliotage,
Celestia
Nlavigation, Deadreckoning
/ Radio Navigation cflb kb{5g\ .
clGtd b'O{ oGqsf] ;xf/fn] kyk|blz{t
x'g] t/Lsf x'g\ eg] klxnf b'O{ rflx"
Landmarks / tf/f u|xx? x]/]/ b"/L /
lbzfsf] 1fg x'g] cs{ kyk|bz{gsf
t/Lsf x'g\ . cg's"n b[Zofjnf]sg /
cg'sn
" df};d ePsf] v08df slxn]sflx"
kyk|bz{g ug{ -af6f] b]vfpg]_ oGq km]n
ePsf] cj:yfdf klg hxfh pk/f]St
klxnfsf b'O{ t/Lsfaf6 kyk|blz{t eO{
uGtJo ljdfg:yndf k' U g;S5 .
o;k| s f/ cg' s " n df} ; d x' g ]
ljdfg:yndf Navigationa
Aldvantage klg lng ;lsG5 . @_ km/flsnf] 7fpF M kxf8n] 3]l/Psf]
pkTosf eP klg jl/kl/sf dxfef/t
/ r'/] kj{ sd prfO ePsf >[+vnf
ePsfn] / b]zs} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] pkTosf
ePsfn] 7"nf 7"nf h]6 ljdfgx? p8fg
cjt/0f ug{ kof{Kt 7fp" k'U5 . p8fg
cjt/0fdf s'g} lsl;dsf] cK7\of/f]
x'"b}g . -#_ cGt/f{li6o l;dfgfb]lv leq
jf 6f9f x''g'kg]{ 7fpF M bf pkTosf
sf7df8f} + pkTosfkl5 cGt/f{ l i6 o
l;dfgfb]lv 6f9f -leq_ kg{ ;a}eGbf
7"nf] pkTosf ePsfn] p8fg tyf
cjt/0f ug{ 7"nf ljdfgx?nfO{ df};d
tyf Po/ 6flkmssf] sf/0fn] Hofld
ug'k{ g],{ rSs/ nufpg'kg]{ cj:yf k/]df
;f]sf nflu oxf" kof{Kt If\nland
Space k'U5 . cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn
lgdf{0f ubf{ xjfO{ oftfoft ;'/lIft
Pj+ lgoldt ug{] p2]Zon] Air Traffic
lgoGq0fnfO{ ;/nLs[ t ug{
ljdfg:ynsf] b[ Z ofjnf] s g dfly
lgolGqt cfsfzsf] l;dfs+g ug{;kb{5
h:tf] Termina lContro Alrea
(TMA), Aerodrome Contro
Zlone (CTR) cflb hxf" hxfh Air
Route, Air Ways af6 cfP/ TMA ,
CTR df ldN5g\ . o:tf lgolGqt jfo'
If] q leq k| j ] z u/] s f hxfhx?nfO{
qmdj4?kdf ;DalGwt sG6f]n 6fj/n]
cjt/0f u/fp"5 . o;}u/L p8fg eg{
hxfhx?nfO{ klg CTR / TMA eP/
k7fpg'kg]{ x'g\5 . o:tf lgolGqt jfo'
If]q cfg} b]zsf] jfo' If]qleq kg]{
ePdf Air Traffic lgoGq0fdf ;lhnf]
x'g'sf] ;fy} cfg} b]zsf] cfsfzdfly
ljgf s'g} afwf c9\rg To:tf lgolGqt
jfo' If]q lgwf{/0f ug{;lsG5 . o:tf]
cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:ynsf] Vinicity
dfly cfjZos kg]{ To:tf lgolGqt
jfo' If]q lgwf{/0f ug{ bf pkTosf
dflysf] cfsfz pko'St tyf kof{Kt
x'g\5 lsgeg] bfsf] ;b/d'sfdb]lv
cGt/f{li6o l;dfgf $@ dfOn (36.4
Nautca lMlie) 6f9f kb{ 5 .
;fdfGotof CTR sf] nflu 10 NM / TMA
sf nflu 25 NM cfjZos x'g\5 h;sf]
nflu bf pkTosf dflysf] cfsfz
kof{Kt x'g\5 .
-$_ zlStzfnL kyk| b z{ g ug] {
oGqx? h8fg ug{ cGt/f{ l i6 o
ljdfg:yn cGt/f{li6o l;dfgfb]lv
6f9f M p8fg ug{ hxfhx? gx/fpg
;s'zn uGtJo :yfgdf k'Ug ;s"g\ eGg]
p2]Zon] kyk|b{zg ug{ zlStzfnL
oGqx? ljdfg:ynsf] Vicinity df
h8fg ug'k{ b{5 . olb To:tf] 7fp" csf]{
b]zsf] l;dfgfsf] w]/} glhs kg{ uof]
eg] To:tf] l;dfgfdf kg{] b]zsf To:t}
vfnsf oGqx?nfO{ l8;{6{ ug{;S5 /
cfgf]nfO{ klg csf{sf]n] l8;{6{ ug{;S5 .
o;n] ubf{ b'O{ b]zaLrdf ljjfb p7\g
;S5 . t/ bf pkTosf cGt/f{li6o
l;dfgfb]lv 6f9f kg]{ ePsfn] To:tf]
;d:of cfOkb}g{ .
-%_ ljdfg:yndf lgjf{ w ?kn]
ljleGg lsl;dsf p8fg eg{ s f

lu/L

nflu ljdfg:yn cGt/f{ l i6 o

l;dfgfb] l v 6f9f x' g ' k b{ 5 M
cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn cGt/f{li6o
l;dfgfb]lv glhs ePdf slxn]sflx"
df};dsf] v/faL jf Navigation sf
oGqx? km]n eP/ p8fg eb}{ u/]sf] hxfh
l;dfgf kf/ u/L l5d]sL b]zsf] To:tf]
s'g} lgif]lwt If]q jf Military oase
tkm{ j]z ug{uPsf] v08df cAh]S;g
x'g ;S5 . l;dfgfglhs To:tf lgif]lwt
If] q x' g ;S5g\ t/ bf pkTosf
cGt/f{li6o l;dfgfb]lv 6f9f kg]{ ePsfn]
To:tf] ;d:of cfOkb}g{ .
-^_
Aircraft
Performance cem /fd|f] x'g] M
bf pkTosf High lAtitude df klg
gkg]{ / udL{ofddf klg oxf"sf] ;/b/
clwsd tfkqmd #!=%) ;]= x'g] ePsfn]
cyf{ t udL{ o fddf klg Tolt a9L
tfkqmd gx'g] ePsfn] Aircraft
performance /fd|f] x'g\5 . a9L
tfkqmd x'b" f xfjf kftnf] eO{ Density
lAtitude a[l4 x'g uO{ Aircraft
performance df c;/ ub{5 . High
Alititude ePsf ljdfg:yndf klg
Aircraft performance /fd|f]
x'b" g} . xfjfdf a9L cfb|tf x'g] 7fp"df
klg Aircraft performance sd
x'g5
\ . bfsf] xfjfdf t'ngfTds b[li6n]
sd cfb|tf x'g5
\ . a9L xfjf axg] 7fp"df
klg Aircraft performance sd
x'g5
\ . t/ bfdf p8fgnfO{ c;/ ug{]
vfnsf] Tolt xfjf rNb}g .
-&_ Po/kf] 6 { ; ' / Iffsf] nflu
cg's"n M bf pkTosf cGt/f{li6o
l;dfgfb] l v 6f9f kg{ ] ePsfn]
ljdfg:ynsf] zflGt ;'/Iff ldnfpg
;lhnf] x'g5
\ . glhssf] ;Ldfkfl/af6
ljdfg:yndf x'g ;Sg] ;DefJo vt/f
sd x'g5
\ . cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yndf
a]nf df}sfdf VIf\P, VVIf\P p8fg x'g
;S5g\ . cGt/f{li6o l;dfgfb]lv 6f9f
ePdf To:tf p8fgx?df zflGt ;'/Iff
ldnfpg ;lhnf] x'g5
\ . bf pkTosf
cGt/f{li6o l;dfgfaf6 k|jz
] ubf{ bf
eGbf blIf0fdf /x]sf] b]pv'/L pkTosfdf
k|jz
] ug{k' g]{ / To;kl5 b'Oj{ 6f kxf8sf
>[v
+ nf kf/ u/]/ dfq bf pkTosf cfpg]
ePsfn] ;'/Iffsf] b[li6sf]0fn] klg of]
bf pkTosf a9L ;'/lIft 5 . t/fO{h:tf]
v'nf Easliy Vulnerablie, Easliy
Accessible 5}g / t Airport
Security / Air af{ety sf] nflu
cg'sn
" 5.
-*_ t:s/L /f]Sg cg's"n M bf
pkTosf cGt/f{li6o l;dfgfb]lv 6f9f
kg]{ ePsf] / rf/}lt/ kxf8n] 3]l/Psf]
pkTosf ePs} sf/0fn] ubf{ cGt/f{li6o
ljdfg:ynaf6 x' g ;Sg] ;DefJo
t:s/Lh:tf cj}w s[Toaf6 a9L ;'/lIft
5 . v'nf l;dfgf ePsf] 7fp"df o:tf
cj}w sfo{ /f]Sg sl7g x'g5
\ .
-(_ cGt/f{ l i6 o ljdfg:yn
lgdf{ 0 f ug{ cfGtl/s tyf afXo
s' g } lsl;dsf] afwf Jojwfg
gePsf] M bf pkTosf cGt/f{li6o
l;dfgfb]lv 6f9f kg]{ ePsfn] cGt/f{li6o
ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ug{ s'g} lsl;dsf]
afXo bafa jf Jojwfg cfpg g;Sg]
/ o; pkTosfdf xfn;Dd
ljdfg:ynn] l8;{6{ ug{;Sg] To:tf] s'g}
lsl;dsf] lgs'~h cf/If0f :yfkgf eO{
g;s]sf]n] 7"nf ljdfg p8fg tyf
cjt/0f ubf{ cfpg] 7"nf] cfjfhn]
jGohGt'nfO{ c;/ k'ofO{ efUg ;Sg]
vfnsf] s'g} vt/f 5}g . olb cGt/f{li6o
ljdfg:ynsf] glhs} To:tf] s' g }
ko{6sLo b[li6n] jGohGt' cf/lIft
lgs'~h jf cf/If /x]5 eg] To:tf]
cj:yfdf jGohGt' t;{/] efUg ;S5g\ .
h;n] ubf{ ko{6s 36\g ;Sg] ;Defjgf
x'g5
\ . cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f
x'g] If]qdf ljdfg :ynn] c;/ ug{
To:tf] vfnsf] s'g} pBf]uwGbf klg oxf"
:yfkgf eO;s]sf 5}gg\ .
-!)_ sd nfutdf klg a9L
dha't wfjgdfu{ lgdf{0f ug{;lsg]
M sf7df8f}+ / t/fO{ If]qsf] h:tf] anf}6]
tyf b'd6 k|sf/sf] df6f] bf pkTosfdf
5}g . oxf"sf] e"agf]6 alnof] lrD6\ofOnf]
df6f]n] ag]sf] x'gfn] cGo 7fp"df eGbf
oxf" t'ngfTds b[li6n] vr{ sd ub{5 /
ljdfg:yn a9L dha't agfpgsf nflu
a9L df6f] p7fO/xg' kb}g{ eg] oxf"sf]
lEevation ;/b/ @))) lkm6 5 .
hlt;'s} kfgL k/] klg 8]g eP/ uOxfN5,
kfgL hDg kfp"bg} . oxf"sf] df6f]sf] LCN
(Load Classification Number)
/fd|f] 5 . hlt;'s} ef/ axg ug{ ljdfg
cjt/0f ubf{ klg wfjgdfu{n] yfDg

;S5 .
-!!_ j} s lNks cGt/f{ l i6 o
ljdfg:yn Tolt 6f9f gePsf] M
uGtJo ljdfg:yn s'g} sf/0f -df};d,
6]lSgsn jf cGo s'g} 6flkms cflb_ n]
hfg g;lsg] ePdf hxfhsf] nflu csf]{
j}slNks ljdfg:yn cfjZos k5{ .
oxf"af6 h]6 ljdfgsf nflu sf7df8f}+
ljdfg:yndf k'Ug @) ldg]6 eGbf a9L
gnfUg] ePsfn] o;nfO{ 6f9f eGg
ldNb}g .
-!@_ cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:ynsf]
nflu ;xfos x'g] ljljw If]qx?sf]
pkof] u M b] p v' / L ndxLb] l v bf
t'n;Lk'/;Dd lkr/f]8 alg;s]sf] 5 .
ca bfb]lv aflx/ t/ glhs} l5d]sL
lhNnfx?df /x] s f ko{ 6 sLo Pj+
lt:y{nx?df k'Ug klg Tolt b'ud
{ 5}g .
lkr af6f]n] ;'ud agfO;s]sf] 5 .
oxf"af6 s/La # 306fdf k'lug] n'lDagL
Pj+ 6fOu/ 6K; ePsf] zfxL alb{of
/fli6o lgs'~h cflbnfO{ o; If]qaf6
glhs} /x]sf] ko{6sLo If]qsf] ?kdf
pkof]u ug{;lsG5 . To;}u/L o; If]qsf]
ax'rlr{t lt:y{n hxf" xhf/f}+ xhf/
:jb]zL tyf ljb]zL -ljz]if u/L ef/tLo_
lt{ofqLx? cfpg] ub{g\ h'g If]q k'Ug
bf eP/} hfg'kb{5 . To;nfO{ klg Ps
ko{ 6 sLo If] q sf] ?kdf pkof] u
ug{;lsG5 Tof] 7fp" xf] :ju{f/L
cf>d . bf lhNnfleq} klg To:tf cg]s
tLy{ Pj+ ko{6sLo:yn n'sLl5kL /x]sf
5g\ . cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f
ugf{n] To:tf If]qx?sf] ljsf; x'g uO{
of] If]qs} pTyfgdf ;xof]u k'U5 . bfdf
kg{ To:tf P]ltxfl;s wfld{s tLy{ Pj+
ko{6sLo :ynsf] oxf" j0f{g ug{;Dej
gePsfn] s]xLsf] gfd dfq pNn]v
ug{;lsG5 .
h:t} b+uLz/0f yf? /fhfsf] /fhwfgL
;'sf}/f, l;4/Tggfy Pj+ u'? uf]/Ifgfysf]
rf} 3 ] / f d7, wf/fkfgLsf] kf08] Z j/
dxfb]jsf] d7, lqggkf j8f g+= & df
kg{] a/fxIf]qsf] afx|sg' ] bx, o;} gkfsf]
j8f g+= % df kg{] clDas]Zj/L dlGb/,
;'vb /fd]Zj/, ul96fs'/f, xf";Lk'/sf] b]jL
dlGb/, lahf}/L l5NnLsf]6sf] sflnsf
dflnsf, uf]a/l8xfsf] lzj / jgjf/Lb]jL
dlGb/, wgf{sf] ;/Lsf]6 b]jL, :o"hfsf]
afu]Zj/L b]jL, ;tal/of l/xf/sf] tKt
s'08, sf]Onfaf;sf] /fdhfgsL dlGb/,
t'n;Lk'/sf] lqd"l\{ t dlGb/, k'/wf{/f, n/}gf,
rl/+u] bx, ef]6] bx, lsrgL bx cflb .
o; afx]s klg bfdf o:tf cg]s
ko{6sLo If]qx? 5g\ -h;sf] oxf" gfd
dfq pNn]v ug{klg ;Dej 5}g_\ hxf"
ljleGg rf8{kj{x?df k"hfcfhf / d]nf
nfUg] ub{5g\ .
oxf" o:tf ko{6sLo:ynsf] cnfjf
vf]h tyf klxrfg x'g g;s]sf vlgh
e08f/ Pj+ pBf] u wGbfsf ljljw
;Defjgf k| z :t ePsfn] pk/f] S t
;Dkbfsf] oyf]lrt ljsf; x'g ;s]df
pTyfgsf] qmddf oL ;asf] ;du|
ljsf; / bf];|f] cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn
Ps csf{sf k"/s x'g ;S5g\ . @)%)
;fnlt/ o; k+lStsf/n] g]kfnsf] bf
pkTosf dfq Pp6f pko'St :yn xf]
hxf" bf] ; | f ] cGt/f{ l i6 o ljdfg:yn
lgdf{ 0 f ug{ ; lsG5 egL cfg}
;+of]hsTjdf 6l/ufp" uflj;sf] k|fu+ 0fsf
cWoIf u0f]z rGbsf] cWoIftfdf ;a}
uflj; ;b:ox? nufot To; e]usf
a'l4hLjL tyf cfd hgtf ;+nUg ePsf]
Pp6f ljrf/ uf]i7L cfof]hgf u/]sf]
lyof] . pSt ljrf/ uf] i 7Ldf bf
pkTosfdf bf] ; | f ] cGt/f{ l i6 o
ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ug{ tyf ljBdfg
ljdfg:ynsf] ;Dj4{gsf nflu >L %
sf] ;/sf/ ko{6g dGqfnodf cg'/f]w
u/L k7fpg] lg0f{o ePsf] lyof] . o;
k+ l Stsf/n] bf lhNnfsf kqsf/
6Lsf/fd /]UdL, dw';"bg kf}8]n / s]kL
l3ld/]nufot cGo kqsf/aGw'x? tyf
a'l4hLjL ldqx?nfO{ o; ;DaGwdf
k|rf/k|;f/ ug{' kof] egL a]nf df}sfsf]
e] 6 3f6df cg' / f] w ug{ ] u/] s f] /
pxf" x ?af6 o; ;DaGwdf Jofks
hgdt tof/ ug{] sfddf 7"nf] ;xof]u
ePsf] Joxf]/f oxf" pNn]v ug{ ;fGble{s
7fGb5' . ;fy} o; k'lgt sfo{df ;a}
ju{If]qaf6 cfjZos ;xof]u x'g] g} 5
eGg] z'esfdgf 6\q\mofp"5' . o;/L bf
lhNnf k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{n] el/Psf],
ljsf;sf ljljw ;Defjgfn]
5rlNsPsf], ljljw P]ltxfl;s Pj+
;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfn] el/k"0f{ lgwL eP/
klg ck]lIft ljsf; x'g g;s]sfn] oxf"
bf];|f] cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f
x'g ;s] b]zsf] ;Gt'lnt ljsf; ug{
p2]Zo kl/k"{\lt x'g;S5 . o;sf] nflu
;a} dg, arg / sd{n] Psh'6 eO{
nflu kof+} eg] gx'g] s] 5 / .

w'dk| fg;DaGwL sfg'g, s'/} dfq

k|jL0f aflgof
Pslbg ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwgdf ofqf ug]{ qmddf Ps ofq'n] lgl:kmqmL
r'/f]6 tflg/x]sf lyP . ToxL ;jf/L ;fwgsf] leQfdf df]6f]df]6f cIf/df n]lvPsf]
lyof], s[kof uf8Lleq w'dk| fg lgif]w 5 . To;}u/L, Pslbg Pp6f k|ltli7t
l6=le= Rofgndfk{mt\ l;+xb/af/sf] u]6cufl8 lg9'S{ s eP/ r'/f]6 p8fO/x]sf
Ps ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;~rf/sdL{n] tkfO{nfO{ ;fj{hlgs :yfgx?df w'dk| fg ug{
kfOFbg} eGg] s'/f yfxf 5}g < eg]/ ;f]w] . t/, tL JolStn] Sofd]/fs} cufl8
r'/f]6 tfGb} af]n,] sfg'g 5 eGg] t yfxf 5 t/, ;a}n] tfg]s} 5g\, clg sfg'g
Pp6fnfO{ dfq} xf] / < eg]/ pN6f] k|ltk|Zg t]:of{P . oL t k|ltlglw s[ofsnfk
dfq} x'g\ . s]xL ;docl3 ;/sf/n] ;fj{hlgs :ynx?df w"dk| fg ug{ gkfpg] /
u/]sf] kfOPdf sfg'gL sf/jfxL g} ug{] u/L 7"n} xNnLvNnLsf ;fy sfg'g
agfof] . To;nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{t] km{ klg alnof] k|lta4tf
JoSt uof], ;/sf/n]. t/, lgb]l{ zsf ;j{q w"dk| fg olta]nf cnkqsf] cj:yfdf
5 . ;/sf/n] /fHo tyf ;/sf/sf lgsfo, ;+:yf jf sfof{no, lzIf0f ;+:yf,
jfo';j] f tyf ;fj{hlgs ;jf/Lsf ;fwg, tflnd tyf :jf:Yo;DaGwL ;+:yf,
ljdfg :yn, k':tsfno, lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb|, cgfyfno, wd{zfnf, 5fq tyf
5fqfaf;, ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno, ;fj{hlgs pBf]u tyf snsf/vgf :yn,
wfld{s :yn, rnlrq 3/, ;fF:s[lts tyf gf6\ozfnf s]Gb|, cltly u[x,
/+uzfnf, kf}8L kf]v/L tyf k'n xfp;, ;fj{hlgs ;jf/Lsf k|tLIffno, rd]gf
u[x, nh, xf]6n, l/;f]6,{ ef]hgfno, af/, l8kf6{dG] 6n :6f]/ tyf ldgL dfs]6{
cflb :ynx?nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L w"dk| fg
lgif]lwt If]q 3f]if0f u/]sf] 5 . olb pSt lgif]lwt If]qx?df sf]xL, s;}n] w'dk| fg
u/]df jf lgodsf] pNn3+g u/]df b08, hl/jgf x'g] elgPsf] 5 . If]q /
k|sl[ tsf cfwf/df b08, ;hfo leGgleGg tf]lsPsf] 5 . o;y{ ;/sf/n]
;fj{hlgs :ynx?nfO{ w'dk| fg lgif]lwt If]q agfpg] w]osf ;fy sfg'g g} lgdf{0f
u/L ;sf/fTds sbd rfn]sf] b]lvG5 . t/, g]kfnL ;dfhdf k|rlnt dfg]
sfg'g, gdfg] sfuhhsf] vf]:6f] eGg] pvfgn] olta]nf oxL k|;df 7\ofSs}
d]n vfG5 . o;sf] cy{ xfdLsxfF hlt sfg'g ag] klg cfh;Dd ltgsf]
Odfgbf/L / k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g eGg] g} xf] . h;sf
sf/0f sfg'g b:tfj]hx? aGb} hfg] / ;Fu;Fu} pN3+ng klg x'bF } hfg] b"/fj:yf
p:t} /xg'n] ;/sf/sf clwsf+z sfg'g, cWofb]zdfk{mt\ NofOPsf lgb{l] zsfx?
Joy{ ;fljt x'bF } cfPsf 5g\ . cGttM s]xL ;docl3 ;/sf/n] NofPsf]
w'dk| fg;DaGwLsf] sfg'gsf] klg o:t} xljut ePsf] 5, x'bF 5
} . ;/sf/n]
sfg'grflxF agfpg] t/ sfof{Gjogsf] kIftkm{ e/kbf{ / pRr cg'udg ug{
g;Sbf ;'zf;gsf lglDt agfOPsf sNof0fsf/L o:tf sfg'g c;kmn x'bF }
cfPsf 5g\ . h;sf] kl5Nnf] hNbf]aNbf] pbfx/0f ;j{q w'dk| fg lgb]l{ zsf
@)^* xf] . h;nfO{ /fd|u} /L sfGofGjog ul/g] ;/sf/sf] 3f]if0ff / k|lta4tf
olta]nf s'/} dfq} ;fljt x'bF 5
} . 7f]; ?kdf sfof{Gjogsf] kIfnfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg g;Sbf NofPsf] sfg'g gfd dfq}sf] sfg'g aGb}5 olta]nf . ;/sf/n]
;fj{hlgs ?kdf w'dk| fg ug{ gkfpg] /0fgLlt cl3 ;fg{ cfkm}dF f :jfutof]Uo
5 . To;}cg'?k lgb]l{ zsf klg cl3 ;fl/of] . t/, ;/sf/n] nfu" u/]sf] lgb]z
{ sf
/ sfg'gsf] b"/fj:yfaf/] ;/sf/nfO{ s] yfxf < dGqfnos} d"n9f]sfdf v'ndv'nf
w'dk| fg x'bF f klg ;/sf/sf lgsofx? d"sbz{s 5g\. dGqfnoleq} lgl:kmqmL
w'dd| fg eO/x]sf] 5 . t/, sfg'gL bfo/fdf Nofpg s;n] hfFu/ b]vfpg] . c?
t c?, pkef]Stf klg plQs} cf8Da/sf ;fy w'dk| fg ul//x]sf 5g\ . Psftkm{
;fj{hlgs :ynx?df w'dk| fg ug{ gkfOg] / u/]df b08, ;hfo x'g] sfg'g nfu"
ul/Psf] 5 eg] csf]t{ km{ ;j{q x'g] o:tf s[ofsnfkn] ;sf/sf] sfg'gnfO{
v'ONofO/x]sf 5g\ . sxLF, st} o; ljifodf s'/f pl7xfn] klg To;n] ljjfbsf]
cj:yf lgDTofpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . w"dk| fg ug{n] fO{ sfjf{xL ug{ ;/sf/n] ;a}eGbf
klxn] r'/f]6 sf/vfgfx?nfO{ aGb ug{k' 5{ clg dfq} pkef]StfnfO{ sf/jfxL
ug{k' 5{ eGg] h:tf :j/ w]/} ;'Gg kfOG5 . ;/sf/n] afSnf] lgb]l{ zsfdfk{mt\
NofPsf] sfg'gdf w"dk| fg;DaGwL nfd} km]xl/:t 5 . jf sfg'g x]bf{ / ;'Gbf
dfq} klg carflxF ;fj{hlgs :ynx?df w'dk| fg gx'g] ef] eGg] cfefif ;lhn}
x'g5\ . To;df klg lj1fkg, a]rlavgsf] cj:yf b]lv lnP/ pTkfbg sDkgLx?sf
nflu agfPsf] sfg'g x]bf{ s8fem}F nfU5 . t/ sfof{Gjogsf] kIf olt ;Dd
lkmtnf] 5 ls ;/sf/s} dGqfnoleq xfsfxfsL w'dk| fg x'bF f klg ;/sf/n] dfvf]
dfg{ ;s]sf] 5}g eg] ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ dfq} b08, ;hfo ug{nfO{ sfg'g agfOg'
sltsf] Gofo;+ut s'/f xf] < nfdf] cEof; / tof/L kl5 ;/sf/n] agfPsf]
w'dk| fg;DaGwLsf] sfg'g olta]nf kmutM sfg'gs} nflu dfq} h:tf] b]lvFb}
cfPsf] 5 . w'dk| fg tyf ;'lt{hGo j:t'sf] pkef]uaf6 a;]l{ g xhf/f}F dflg;x?n]
Hofg u'dfpFb} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfns} tYofnfO{ dfq} x]bf{ klg of] eofjx
b]lvG5 . ;/sf/L tYofnfO{ dfq} x]g{] xf] eg] g]kfndf a;]l{ g !^ xhf/ dflg;
d5{g\ . w'dk| fg tyf ;'lt{hGo kbfy{sf] pkef]usf sf/0f Ps} lbgdf $$
hgfn] Hofg u'dfpg] tYof ;/sf/;Fu} 5 . ;fj{hlgs :yndf w'dk| fg ubf{
sfg'gL sf/jfxL ug{;Sg] ;/sf/n] ;'lt{hGo j:t'x?sf] pTkfbg ug{ sf/vfgf
lsg aGb ug{ ;Sb}g < w'dk| fg;DaGwLsf] sfg'g nfu" ub}{ ubf{ of] k|Zg klg
plQs} k]lrnf] ?kdf p7\b5
} olta]nf. csf]t{ km{ sfg'g agfPkl5 Tof] sfg'g
nfu" ug]{ ;jfndf ;/sf/n] k|efjsf/L ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug{ klg ;s]sf] 5}g .
k|ydtM sfg'g agfOlbgs} nflu dfq} eP klg agfOlbg] t/ nfu" ul/Psf]
sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjogtkm{ plrt Wofg k'ofpg g;Sbf o:tf sNof0fsf/L sfg'gx?
l/Qf] gf/f x'bF } cfPsf 5g\ . h;/L s8fOsf ;fy sfg'g agfOG5, To;}u/L
sfof{Gjogsf] kf6f]nfO{ klg k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ sfg'g nfu" eP, gePsf] cyjf
sfg'gsf] kl/rfng ubf{ To;sf] l/hN6 x]gn
{ fO{ /fHosf cg'dugsf/L
lgsfox?nfO{ ;lqmo kfg{ g;Sg' ;/sf/sf] sdhf]/L xf] . To;df klg hxfFaf6
clg h;n] sfg'g agfOlbG5 ToxLFaf6 clg To;}n] sfg'gsf] 7f8f] pN3+g u5{
eg] To:tf] sfg'gnfO{ hgtfn] sbflk klg :jLsfg{ 5}gg\ . To;sf nflu sfg'g
lgdf{tfx? klg k|ydtM Odfgbf/L / uDeL/ aGg cfjZos 5 . olta]nf
aflx/ w'dk| fg;DaGwL sfg'g dfq} kmflnPsf] 5, To;sf] pkof]lutf, hjfkmb]lotf,
k|efjsfl/tf / kl/0ffdsf af/]df ;/sf/n] rf;f] b]vfpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . Ps
yfg sfg'gsf] lstfa n]lvlbg] / sfg'g aGof 5 x} elglbg hlt ;lhnf] 5,
nfu" ul/Psf] sfg'gnfO{ k|efjsf/L / Jojxfl/s ?kdf ;fy{s t'Nofpg Tolts}
hl6n / r'gf}ltk"0f{ 5 . sfg'gnfO{ alnof] / hglk|o agfpg sfg'gL Odfgbfl/tf
/ ljZj;gLotf klg plQs} vfFrf] k5{ cGoyf sfg'g aGb} hfg], wf/fx? ylkFb}
hfg] qmd /f]lsg]5g} . olb sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog z"Go x'g] xf] eg] o:tf sfg'g
km]l/ klg ylGsg]df b'Od{ t 5}g . To;sf nflu sfg'g nfu" eP, gePsf] a'g /
To;sf] k|efjsfl/tfaf/] ;xL x]Ssf /fVg / cg'udg ug{ /fHon] cg'udgsf/L
alnof] ;+oGq agfpg klg cfjZos b]lvG5 . xf]Og eg] ;fj{hlgs:ynx?nfO{
w'dk| fgd'St If]q /fVg] ;/sf/sf] kl/sNkgf / w'dk| fg ug{x] ?nfO{ sfg'gL bfo/fdf
Nofpg] sfg'gM oL b'jd} fly kfgL gkf]lvPnf eGg ;lsGg .

7
j}bl] zs===

k|fljlws ;xof]u ug{] ePsf] 5 .

lkmSsL ef/t ;/sf/ / ef/tLo pBf]u
jfl0fHo dxf;+3 -lkmSsL_f/f ;+oS' t
?kdf ;~rflnt nufgL;DaGwL
hfgsf/L lbg] ;"rgf s]Gb| xf] . ;"rgf
s]Gb|nfO{ OGe]i6 Ol08ofn] k|fljlws
;xof]u ug]{ ljifodf o;cl3 g}
;Demf}tf eO;s]sf] Gof}kfg]n] hfgsf/L
lbP . o:tf] ;"rgf s]Gb| g]kfndf
klxnf]k6s :yfkgf x'g nfu]sf] xf] .
s]Gb| ;~rfngdf cfPkl5 :jb]zL
tyf ljb]zL nufgLstf{nfO{ nufgLsf]
If]q 5gf}6 ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug]5 .
g]kfndf ;g\ @)!@ nfO{ nufgL jif{
3f]if0ff eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf nufgL
s]Gb|sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'g] Gof}kfg]n]
atfP . ;"rgf s]Gb| dfk{mt\ 7"nf]
dfqfdf j}bl] zs nufgL leq\ofpg] nIo
lnPsf 5f}F pgn] eg] . s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf
ePkl5 j}b]lzs nufgLsf nflu
;Dk"0f{ ;"rgf Ps} :yfgaf6 kfOg]
ePsfn] nufgLdf Psf/ gLlt nfu"
x'g] ;/f]sf/jfnfx? atfpF5g\ . % va{
o"/f]sf] ljQLo :yfloTj ;+oGq df3
(, a|;]N; -a]lNhod_ . o"/f]kdf
cfly{s ;6;Fu h'Wg gofF ljQLo
:yfloTj ;+oGqsf] k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 .
o"/f]k]nL ;+3 -O{o" cy{zfGqLx?sf] of]
xKtf a:g] a}7sn] xfn k|of]udf /x]sf]
o"/f]lkog kmfOgflG;on :6\oflaln6L
ofl;ln6L -O{PkmP;Pkm_sf] ;fdf
o"/f]lkog :6\oflaln6L d]sflghd O{P;Pd_ Nofpg gofF cle;lGwnfO{
clGtd ?k lbg] a'lemPsf] 5 . $
va{ $) ca{ o"/f]af6 ;'? u/]/ clxn]
@ va{ %) ca{ o"/f] afFsL /x]sf]
O{PkmP;Pkmn] ;6u|:t b]znfO{
ljQLo p4f/ ug{ g;Sg] b]lvPkl5
gofF ;+oGq agfpg ;lqmotf a9]sf]
xf] . O{ o " ; | f ] t x?sf cg' ; f/ gofF
;oGqsf ?kdf cl3 ;fl/Psf]
O{P;Pdsf] k|f/lDes cfsf/ % va{
o"/f]sf] x'G5 . lu|;, cfo/Nof08 /
kf]r{unnfO{ g/fd|/L ufFHb} O6fnL /
:k]gsf] cy{tGqnfO{ klg IftljIft
t'Nofpg] ;Defjgf af]ss
] f] C0f;+s6
;dfwfg ug{ OP{Pd k|efjsf/L x'g]
ck]Iff O{o" ;b:on] lnPsf 5g\ . o;n]
ljQLo ahf/ tyf pkef]Qmfx?sf]
36]sf] cfTdljZjf; k'g{hfu[t x'g]
cfzf klg o"/f]k]nL /fi6n] u/]sf]
b] l vG5 . b' O { xKtfcl3 dfq
cGt/f{li6o d'b|fsf]if -cfO{PdPkm_n]
;du| o"/f]k g} dGbLtkm{ nlDsPsf]
lrGtfsf aLr cfgf] cfkTsfnLg
sf]ifsf] cfsf/ ^ va{ o"/f]n] a9fpg]
of]hgf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] lyof] .
o;afx]s, O{o"sf cy{zfGqLx?sf]
a} 7 sn] o" / f] h f] g sf] ljQLo
cg'zf;gnfO{ cem} alnof] agfpg
Ps csf{] ;lGwsf] d:of}bf tof/ ug{
klg a'lemPsf] 5 . oL b'j} d:of}bf
hgj/L #) df cfof]hgf ul/g] Ps
;df/f]xdf o"/f]kn
] L g]tfx?n] x:tfIf/
u/]kl5 k|of]hgdf cfpg]5g\ . O{o"
clwsf/Lx?sf cg';f/ o"/f]lkog
:6\oflaln6L d]sflghd -O{P;Pd_
cfufdL h'nfO{af6 ;lqmo x'g]5 .

;+3if{kl5====

;Demf}tf u/]sf] x'gfn] ca k|r08 /

afa'/fdnfO{ ljZjf; ug{ ;lsGg .
Tolt dfq xf]Og, kf6L{leq Pstf
x'gf;fy To;sf] lj?4 !$!% bnsf]
df]rf{aGbLsf cEof;x klg eP .
k|r08 / ls/0fsf] kl5Nnf] Pskl5
s]xL ljZn]ifsxn] l6Kk0fL u/L klg
xfn] ls ;k{nfO{ b"w v'jfP/ kfn]kl5
clGtddf p;n] cfkm}FnfO{ 8:5 .
kl/l:ylt a8f] hl6n aGb}5, Psflt/
kmfu'gsf] klxnf] xKtfdf ;+ljwfgsf]
8f6 Nofpg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 / csf]t{ km{
h]7 !$ kl5 ;+ljwfg;efsf] cl:tTj
;dfKt x'Fb}5 . of] ;+ljwfg;efaf6
hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg aGg ;Sg] ;Defjgf
Go"g eP klg kf6L{ Psl9Ssf eP/
zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] kIfdf s]lGb|t
x'g] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . kf6L{n] zflGt /
;+ l jwfgsf nflu hgk| b z{ g /
;8saf6 bafasf sfo{ q mdx
Nofpg] ePsf] 5 . zflGt / ;+ljwfg
geP hgljb| f ] x ug] { cfgf]
kfn'6f/sf] dd{nfO{ bx|f] u/L ;dft]sf]
5 . cfdhgtfnfO{ sfo{stf{df abNg]
gLlt lnPsf] 5 .
km] l / Ps k6s kf6L{ n ]
cfdhgtfsf] kl/jt{ g k| l 6tsf]
rfxgfnfO{ ;dft]sf] 5 . hghLljsf

/fatOfc t]u %! 3fd nf; *^)@

/ /fli6otfsf] ;jfndf km]l/ Pp6f
7"nf] cfFwL cfopg ;Sg] ;Defjgf
a9]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLleqsf] Pstfn]
;a} kf6L{leqsf lj/f]wx dTy/
ePsf 5g\ . o;f] egf}F, xfd|f] kf6L{sf]
pstfn] ;a}df Pp6f ;Ggf6f pTkGg
eof] . lj/f]wL zlQmx ax't t/lt
ag]sf 5g\ / cft+lst klg . vf;u/L
PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLnfO{ 3]/f xfn]/,
ysfP/ cfgf Ph]08fx kfl/t
u/fpg] /0fgLltdf xf}l;Psf ;+;bLo
kf6L{xnfO{ kl5Nnf] kf6L{leqsf]
Pstfn] xfQL cfof], xfQL cfof] k'm:;f
agfOlbPsf] 5 . kf6L{leqs} Pscsf]{
zlQmnfO{ Pscsf{sf lj?4 prfNg]
pgLxsf] bfpk]r lgsDdf ePsf] 5 .
;fFrf] cy{df kf6L{sf] PstfnfO{
ultzLn agfO{ /fVg h'k}| cK7\of/fx
5g\ . g]t[Tjt xdf ePsf] PstfnfO{
sfo{stf{P / hgtf;Dd k'ofpg'
cfjZos 5 . ;d:ofx jf
d'2fxnfO{ yftL /fVg] jf csf]{ zAbdf
;d:ofxsf] tTsfn ;dfwfg gvf]Hg]
jf d'2fxsf] t'?Gt ;'gj' fO{ gug]{
k|jl[ Qn] kf6L{ ;~hfnnfO{ hfd u/fPsf]
5 . kf6L{ hLjgsf ck|Tox
cfg} ultdf lqmofzLn x'g kfPsf
5}gg\ . r]g ckm sdf08df dflyb]lv
tn;Dd ;d:ofx 5g\ . km]l/ klg
kf6L{nfO{ hLjGt agfpgsf nflu
g]tT[ jn] ;fd"lxs 9n] a9L lrGtg
ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5 . kf6L{sf x/]s
lg0f{ox Pp6f k|lqmof, k4lt jf
;+ : yfut 9n] ug] { kl/kf6Lsf]
;a}eGbf sdL 5 .
lglZrt}kdf kf6L{leq b]lvPsf
u}/;j{xf/f ;+:s[lt cfhsf uDeL/
r'gf}tLx x'g\ . o;n] g]tfxsf]
ul/df / hgljZjf;nfO{ 36fpFb}
n}hfG5 . g]tT[ jn] JolQmuteGbf klg
;fj{hlgs hLjgnfO{ a9L Wofg
lbg'k5{ . g]tfxk|lt juL{okd}
cfnf]rgf / cljZjf; a9] eg] To;n]
g]tfsf] hLjgrqmnfO{ g} ;dfKt
ul/lbg ;S5 . ;fwf/0f hgtfx
jt{dfgsf nflu dfq afFR5g\ eg]
g]tfx eljiosf] nflu afFRg'k5{ .
jt{ d fgnfO{ g} ;a} y f] s b] V g]
cj;/jfbL b[li6sf]0fnfO{ TofUg}k5{ .
k|To]s g]tT[ jn] Pp6f a]Un} prfO xfO6_, k[ys cfbz{ jf 5'} klxrfg
agfpg ;Sg'k5{ . jf:tjd} h'g hf]uL
cfP klg sfg} lr/]sf eGg] pvfgnfO{
r'gf}tL lbg] g]t[Tj agf];\ eGg]
z'esfdgf 5 . c;fwf/0f dfG5]xn]
dfq ;+;f/df 7"nf7"nf kl/jt{g Nofpg
;S5g\ . cf};t dfG5]sf ;+:sf/ /
b[li6sf]0feGbf w]/} dfly p7\g ;Sg]
hgtfsf] zAbdf dxfg\ g]tfxsf]
vfF r f] 5 eGg] tYonfO{ r' g f} t L
cfcf];\ .
[email protected]

;'zf;g===
cfrf/;+ l xtf, @)^* k| e fjsf/L
9+uaf6 sfof{Gjog ul/g], ;fj{hlgs
ljbfsf lbgx? k'g/fjnf]sg u/L
36fOg], /fli6o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf]
k'gu{7g ul/g], /fli6o em08f /
/fli6o ufg ahfpg] ;DaGwdf ;+lxtf
/ lgb]{lzsf tLg dlxgfleq agfOg]
pNn] v 5 . ;' z f;g;DaGwL
sfo{of]hgfsf] cg'udg tyf d"Nofg
ug{ k| w fgdGqL cWoIf /x] s f]
pRr:t/Lo cg' u dg ;ldltsf]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

aLdfn]vdf===
g]kfn, Pe/]i6, g]sf], PnfOG;, Pg=jL=,
d]6fnfOkm / n'lDagL OG:of]/]G;
sDklgdf u/L !% cf]6f aLdfn]vaf6
s/La ?= !! nfveGbf a9Lsf] e"m6f]
bfaL k/]sf] 5 . @)^^ ;fndf t];|f]
kIf aLdf clgjfo{ ul/Pkl5 o:tf]
e"m6f] bfaL cfpg yfn]sf] /fli6o aLdf
;+:yfgsf ltjf/Ln] atfP . bfaL
ul/Psf] e"m6f] 7xl/Pdf bfaL ug]{
JolStsf] cfhLjg aLdf gx'g] / sfg'gL
sf/afxL;d]t x'g] k|fjwfg /x]sf] aLdf
;ldltsf k|jQmf z]v/s'df/ cof{n
atfpF 5 g\ . e" m 6f] bfaLn] Pp6f
sDklgnfO{ dfq geP/ k"/} ;dfhnfO{
c;/ kfg{ pgsf] egfO{ 5 . pgn]
eg], o:tf] k|jl[ Qn] aLdf sDklgx?
;6df kg{;S5g\ . /fli6o oftfoft
Joj;foL ;+3sf pkfWoIf bLks
clwsf/Ln] df]6/ aLdfn]vaf6 e"m6f]
bfaL u/]sf] k|df0f eP tTsfn} k|x/L

;+3Lotf, hftLo clwsf/ / o;;DaGwL e|dx

rGb| lhPd
g]kfn ca s]lGb|st[ ;fdfGtL zf;g
Joj:yfaf6 d'St eO{ ;+3Lo u0ftGq g]kfn
aGb}5 . ;a} g]kfnLn] rfx]sf] ;+3Lo u0ftGq
g]kfn aGg] bf}/fg / k'/fgf] /fHo ;+/rgf
eTsfOPsf] of] ;qmd0fsfnLg g]kfn lgs}
hh{/ cj:yfjf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . ;+3Lotfsf
af/]df ;8sb]lv ;bg;Dd lgs} ax;x
eO/x]sf 5g\ . tL ax;x s;/L cfO/x]sf
5g\ < s'g kdf eO/x]sf 5g\ < tL;DaGwL
s}of}F e|d / ;Totfx /x]sf 5g\ . ljz]ift
;+3Lo /fHo lgdf{0fdf hftLo clwsf/sf
ax;x rsf]{ kdf p7]sf 5g\ . o;sf
;fy} o; ;DaGwdf e| d x klg
Jofkskdf cufl8 cfPsf 5g\ . h;n]
;+3Lo lgdf{0fdf s}ofF} cfz+sfx k}bf u/L
hl6n ;d:ofx lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . ;a}
cfz+sf / ;d:ofnfO{{ a'g / ;Daf]wg
ug{ ;+3Lotf s] xf] / o;sf] cfjZostf
lsg eof] eGg] af/]df a'g' h?/L 5 . ha
/fhf k[YjLgf/fo0fn] g]kfnnfO{{ ef}uf]lns
kdf PsLs/0f u/] g]kfn ef}uf]lns kdf
PsLs/0f eP klg ;fdflhs kn], hftLo
kn], eflifs kn] / ;f+:s[lts kn]
g]kfn ljljwtfn] el/Psf] b]z xf] . o;sf]
cfg} hftLo, eflifs, ;fFsl[ ts tyf
P]ltxfl;s klxrfg 5 h;nfO{{ k[YjLgf/fo0f
zfx / To; kl5sf zf;sxn] slxn]
klg a'g ;s]gg\ . pgLxn] s]jn Ps
efiff, Ps ;+s[ltsf] Pstfsf] /6fg
nufO/x] . h;sf sf/0f cflbaf;L
hghfltx cfg} d'ns
' sf nflu klg
bf];f| ] bhf{sf] gful/s x'g k'u] . g]kfn
;lbof}F jif{;Dd s]lGbs[t ;fdGtL
/fHoJoj:yfaf6 ;~rfng eof] . o;n]
hgtfxnfO{{ cfgf] eljio cfkm}F lgdf{0f
ug{ lbPg . /fHosf ;|ft] / ;fwgxsf]
plrt afF8kmfF8 x'g ;s]g . ax';V+ os
cflbjf;L, hghflt / ljut If]qsf
hg;d'bfon] /fHosf] ;'ljwfsf] slxNo}
pkef]u ug{ kfPgg\ . cfgf] ;+:s[lt, efiffsf]
hu]gf{ ug{ kfPgg\ . /fHon] ;w}F pgLxnfO{{
;f}tg] L Jojxf/ uof] . To;sf/0f pgLx
;a} If]qdf kl5 k/] . pgLxsf] P]ltxfl;stf
u'Dof], pgLxsf] klxrfg u'Dof], To;}n]
pgL lz/ 7f8f] kf/]/ lxF8g\ ;s]gg\ .
pgLxsf] ;du| cl:tTj ;+s6df kof] .
o;sf] d"n sf/0f g} s]lGb|st[ ;fdfGtL
/fHo;Qf xf] eGg] cfwf/df o;sf] ;dfwfg
/ ;Daf]wgsf nflu ;+3Lo /fHosf] cfjZos
eof] . o;n] dfq ;a} ju{ ;d'bfosf]
;d:ofnfO{{ xn u5{ eGg] dfGotfdf ;+3Lo
/fHosf] cfjZostf eof] . clxn] h;/L
lj/f]w ePsf] 5, Tof] eg]sf] ;dfwfg ubf{

pTkGg x'g] hl6ntfaf6 efUg] dg;foaf6

g} cfPsf 5g\ . ;+3Lo /fHo s;sf nflu
cfjZos 5 eGg] s'/f lgs} ;f]rgLo ePsf]
5 . clxn] ;+3Lo /fHosf nflu s}of}F
ljrf/x cfPsf 5g\, tL ljrf/xsf]
cfzodf s] a'g ;lsG5 ls h;nfO{{
;+3Lotfsf] cfjZostf ePsf] 5}g . pm g}
;a}eGbf a9L ;+3Lotfsf] kIfdf pleFb} uPsf]
/ To;n] ;+3Lotfsf] d"n dd{ /
cGt/j:t'nfO{{ cf]em]ndf kfl//x]sf] 5 . clxn]
;+3Lotf grflxPsf] / afWotfjz
;+3LotfnfO{{ :jLsf/ ug{ afWotf ePsf]
kIf g} /fhg}lts If]qdf / cGo lg0ff{os
kIfdf xfjL x'bF } uPsf] 5 . To;n] ljleGg
e|dx l;h{gf u/L ;a} kIfnfO{{ k|efljt
kfg{ e/k'/ k|of; ul//x]sf] 5 .
;+3Lotf pTkLl8t hghflt, hflt,
ju{;d'bfo tyf If]qsf hgtfnfO{{ rflxPsf]
xf], h;n] ubf{ /fHosf] ;'ljwfdf ;dfg
kx'r
F xf];\ / cfgf] ;d'bfosf], If]qsf],
ju{sf] ljsf;df pgLsf] ;xeflutf eO{
cfgf] eljio lgdf{0fdf nfUg ;s'g\ . To;}n]
pgLxnfO{{ ;+3Lotf cfjZos k/]sf] xf] .
o;sf] eflubf/ klg pgLx g} x'g\ /
o;sf] lg0f{o lng] clwsf/ klg pgLxsf]
dfq x'gk' g]{ xf] t/ To;f] geO{ ;+3Lotfsf]
cfjZostf gePsf / h;n] zlbof}bF l] v
/fHosf] ;fwg / ;|ft] df PstkmL{ /fHo
ul//x]sf ;Lldt JolStxn] ;+3Lotfsf]
d"n dd{nfO{ afP/ km]l/ ;+3Lotfs} gfddf
gofF tfgfafgf a'lg/x]sf 5g\ . sltko
bnx ltgLxs} tfgfafgfdf :j/ ldnfP/
;+3Lotfk|lt g} ljt[i0ff hufpg] b'ik|of;
ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLxn] ;f]rs
] f] ;+3Lotf
s]jn pgLxsf nflu dfq x'g] s'/fdf
;a}n] ;f]Rg'kg}{ ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] jf:tljs
w/ftndf 6]s/] u/]sf] ;+3Lotf g} jf:tljs
;+3Lotf xf] . cGoyf g]kfn km]l/ 7"nf] Gdf
km:g] ;Defjgf x'g ;S5 . s] ;+3Lotfn]
g]kfnsf] ;a} ;d:ofsf] xn ug{ ;S5 <
cfhsf] ax;n] o;sf] lgwf{/0f ug{k' b{5 .
;+3Lotf s:tf] ePdf ;a} ;d:ofsf] xn
x'G5 jf h;n] ;+3Lotfsf] nflu alnbfg
u/] h;nfO{{ ;+3Lotfsf] cfjZostf 5
eGg] s'/fnfO{{ Wofg lbP/ dfq ;+3Lotfsf]
cfwf/x lgdf{0f u/L b]zsf] k'g;+/{ rgf
ug{k' b{5 . cfh b]zsf] ef}uf]lns, ;fdflhs,
;fF:s[lts, eflifs, P]ltxfl;s klxrfg /
;fdfYo{ h :tf /fHo k' g ;{ + / rgfsf
cfwf/xleq klg ljljw e|dx l;h{gf
u/]/ ;+3Lotfsf] gfddf oyfl:yltnfO{{
:yfkgf ug{ nfluk/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . h'g
;d:t pTkLl8t cflbjf;L tyf ju{sf
nflu 8/nfUbf] kdf ple/x]sf] 5 .

k|zf;g dfk{mt\ 5fglag u/L sf/afxL

ug{k' g]{ atfP . Joj;foL ;+3 o:tf
unt sfddf ;+nUg ePsf] eGg]
cf/f]k e"m6f] ePsf] pgsf] bfaL 5 .
o;}u/L 6flkms k|x/L dxflg/LIfs
u0f]z/fh /fO{n] k|x/Ln] e"m6f] k|dfl0ft
u/]sf] k|df0f ePdf To;df ;+nUg
k| x /LnfO{ lgodfg' ; f/ ljefuLo
sf/afxL ul/g] atfP .

!! k|bz
] ===

;"rgf==

sd{rf/Lsf] JolStut sfo{;kfbg,

af] n kq k| : tfjsf] c:jLs[ l t,
dlGqkl/ifbsf lg0f{o, sfg'gadf]lhd
ul7t cfof] u , ;ldlt, sfo{ b n
cflbsf k|ltj]bg, ;/sf/sf] Pp6f
lgsfoaf6 csf]{ lgsfonfO{ lbOPsf]
/fo;'emfj, sfgg'adf]lhd s;}nfO{
sfnf];"rLdf /fVg] ljifo lghfdlt
sd{rf/Lpk/ ljefuLo sf/afxLsf
qmddf ckgfOPsf] 5fglagh:tf
ljifodf lglZrt cjlw;Dd ;"rgf
lbg /f]s nufOPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L, lgjf{rg cfof]udf bn
btf{sf nflu k]; ul/Psf] sfuhft,
lgjf{rg cfof]udf k/]sf ph'/L jf
lgj]bg, k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f;DaGwL
;Demf}tfh:tf ljifodf klg ;"rgf lbg
;/sf/n] /f]ss
] f] 5 . gofF juL{s/0fdf
Gofokflnsf / Joj:yflksfsf ljifo
eg] ;df]jz 5}gg\ . o;cl3 hf/L
ePsf] ;"rgfsf] xsdf k'g/fjnf]sg
u/L v' s ' n f] agfpg' k g] { cfjfh
pl7/x]sf a]nf ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf]
kl5Nnf] juL{ s /0fn] ;fj{ h lgs
dxTjsf ;"rgf k|jfxnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{
vf]lhPsf] ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] atfPsf
5g\ . ;"rgf cfof]usf k|dv
' cfo'St
ljgo s;h'n] kl5Nnf] juL{s/0fk|lt
c;Gt'li6 JoSt u/] . of] juL{s/0f
nfu" ug]{ eP ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL
P]gnfO{ /2Lsf] 6f]s/Ldf ldNsfOlbP
x'g] atfP .

j'Fbfdf cfof]usf ;+of]hs dbg

kl/of/n] dt lbg jfFsL /x]sf] >f]tn]
atfPsf] 5 . /fHosf] gfd s] /fVg]
eGg] ljifodf klg cfof] u sf
;b:oaLr Psdt 5}g . cfof]un]
d+unjf/;Dddf cfgf] ;'emfj k]z
ug{ ' k g] { d f Ps xKtf ;do yKg
;/sf/;F u cfu| x u/] s f] lyof] .
>f]tsf cg';f/ cfufdL df3 !& ut]
;'emfj ;lxt k|ltj]bg a'emfpg]
cfof]usf] tof/L 5 .

d]nDrL===
-P8LaL_sf] !# s/f]8 &) nfv,
hfOsfsf] ! s/f]8 *) nfv, hfkfg
a}s
+ OG6/g];gn -h]las_sf] $ s/f]8
&% nfv, t]n lgof{ts /fi6x?sf]
;+u7g -cf]k]s_sf] ! s/f]8 #& nfv,
Pg8LPkmsf] ! s/f]8 $ nfv / g]kfn
;/sf/sf] ( s/f]8 ^ nfv $) xhf/
cd]l/sL 8n/ nufgL 5 . cfof]hgf
lgdf{0f ug{ g]kfnnfO{ C0f ;xof]u
pknAw u/fPsf bft[ l gsfon]
k/fdz{jfkt ^ ca{? k}ofFeGbf a9L
/sd pgLx?s} b]zdf nu]sf 5g\ .
cfof] h gfaf6 k| y d r/0fdf
l;Gw' k fNrf] s d] n DrL vf] n fsf]
l/jdf{df afFw agfO{ b}lgs !& s/f]8
ln6/ kfgL ;'Gb/Lhndf lgdf{0f ul/g]
k| z f] w g s] G b| ; Dd Nofpg] /
k|zf]wgkl5 pkTosfdf ljt/0f ug{]
nIo 5 . bf];f| ] / t];f| ] r/0fdf qmdzM
ofl / nfs{ vf]nfaf6 !& !& s/f]8
ln6/ yKg] dxTjfsf+ I fL nIo
;/sf/n] lnPsf] 5 .

Sofg===
7fpFaf6 sf7df8f};
F Dd rNg] ;femf
oftfoft nf]slk|o x'Fbfx'Fb} r/d
/fhgLlts x:tIf]ksf sf/0f Wj:t
ePsf] lyof] .

;+3Lotfsf] cfwf/ hftLotf x'gx' bF' g} eGg]

s'/f cfh lgs} ;txL t/ rsf]{ kdf
pl7/x]sf] 5 . /fHok'g;{+/rgf tyf
/fHo;lStsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldltn] u/]sf] !$
k|b]zsf] k|:tfjdf k|:tfljs hftLo
P]ltxfl;s klxrfgsf cfwf/df ePsf
gfdfs/0fx klg lgs} cfklQsf] ljifo
ag]sf] 5 . h;leq /x]sf] cGtlg{lxt
;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts dgf]lj1fgnfO{{ a]jf:tf
u/]/ s]jn lj/f]w ug]{ ;d:ofnfO{{ ;dfwfg
ug]{ xf]Og, a? aNemfpg' xf] . of] cjZo xf]
ls s'g} klg Ps hfltn] csf]{ hfltnfO{{
x]Kg' x'bF g} , lyrf]ldrf] ug'{ x'bF g} , hf] lxhf]
;Dk"0f{ cflbjf;L, hghfltdfly eof] t/
tL P]ltxfl;s klxrfgsf gfdx e"uf]nsf
gfdx x'g\ h;sf e"ldk'q cflbjf;L,
hghflt x'g . pgLxsf] Tof] e"uf]n;Fu+
P]ltxfl;s ;DaGw 5 . To; If]qsf] k|fs[lts
;Dkbf / To;;Fu ;DalGwt k/Dk/fut
pTkfbg / cfly{s ;DaGw lgs} ulx/f] /
c6'6 5, hf] /fHosf] e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/n]
slxNo} km:6fpg kfPg . pgLxsf] cfg}
efiff 5, cfg} ;+:s[lt 5 . cfg} k/Dk/f
5 / /Lltl/jfh 5, h'g e"uf]nsf] df6f]df
pgLxsf efiff, ;+:s[lt slxNo} g5'lg]
u/]/ ldl;Psf] . h;sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g
s]jn pgLxn] dfq ug{ ;S5g\ .
zlbof}bF l] v pgLx /fHoaf6 cflbjf;L,
hghflt ePs} gftfn] pTkL8gdf kb}{ cfPsf
5g\ . s] cfgf] efiff, ;+:s[lt / cfgf]
klxrfgnfO{{ pgLxn] cfg} lg0f{oaf6
;+j4{g / ;+/If0f ug]{ clwsf/ 5}g < h'g
e"uf]n;Fu pgLxsf] P]ltxfl;s gftf 5,
h'g e"uf]nsf nflu pgLxn] >d, dg /
/ut vr{s
] f 5g\, pgLxnfO{{ To; e"uf]nsf]
ljsf; ug]{ clwsf/ 5}g < pgLxn] rfx]sf]
;+3Lotfsf] :jk oxL xf]Og < pgLxsf]
cfgf] klxrfgljgf s;/L dx;'; ug{
;S5g\ gofF g]kfnsf] < hftLo kdf
gfdfs/0f ul/Psf k|bz
] xdf cGo
hfltxsf] :yfg s] x'g] eGg] af/]df clxn]
lgs} e|dx /x]sf 5g\ . pgLx ToxfF
a:g kfpFbg} g\ . pgLxsf] To; :yfgdf
bf];f| ] bhf{sf] gful/s aGg] 5 h:tf cg]s
e|dx l;h{gf eO/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf e|dsf]
l;h{gf ljz]ift b'O{ vfn] cltjfbsf sf/0f
ePsf 5g\ . Ps hghfltxleq /x]sf]
cltjfb, bf];f| ] u}/hghfltxleqsf]
cltjfb . klxnf] k|sf/sf] cltjfbn] s]jn
To; If]qdf cfgf] dfq hftsf] clwsf/
:yfkgf ug{ rfxG5 / cGo hftnfO{{ lgif]w
ug{ rfxG5 / bf];f| ] k|sf/sf] cltjfbn]
hghfltxsf] xs / clwsf/ slxNo}
:yfkgf gxf];\ eGg] rfxG5 . bf];f| ] vfn]
cltjfbnfO{{ k/f:t ug{ hlt ;lhnf] 5
t/ klxnf] vfn] cltjfbn] To;nfO{{ phf{
lbO/x]sf] x'G5 . To;} sf/0f oL b'O{ vfn]
cltjfb g]kfnsf] jf:tljs k'g;{/+ rgfsf
afws alg/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] hftLo
clwsf/ :yfkgf ug{ oL b'O{ cltjfbnfO{{
k/f:t gu/L ;Dej 5}g . lgZro klg
g] k fnsf] /fli6 o cv08tf /
;fj{ef}ldstfdf ;a} ;r]t x'gk} b{5 . hftLo
ljv08g / cfk;L d]nd]nfksf nflu
;a} ;r]t x'gk' b{5 . t/ s] g]kfndf
clxn];Dd s'g} hftLo e]befj lyPg <
s] ;a} hghfltx afWotfjz cfgf]
hftLo efiff, ;F:s[ltsf] klxrfg gi6 ug{]
gLlt x'bF f klg r'k nfUg' kl//x]sf] lyPg <
k|To]s ;do eflifs tyf ;fF:s[lts
sl7gfO{sf sf/0f /fHosf] ;'ljwfaf6 al~rt
xg] dfq xf]Og, ckdflgt x'g' kl//x]sf]
5 . cfgf] P]ltxfl;stf u'Dbfu'Db} klg

u'dgfd x'g' kl//x]sf] 5 . oL ;a} s'/fsf]

;Daf]wg gu/L s;/L /fli6o Pstf sfod
ug{ ;lsG5 < lgZro klg ;a} k|bz
] df
;a} hfthfltxsf] a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 tL
;a}sf] To; k|bz
] df a/fa/ xsclwsf/
x'g cfjZos 5 . t/, s] k|bz
] sf] gfd
hghfltxsf] P]ltxfl;s, ef}uf]lns
klxrfgsf] gfdaf6 /fVbf c? hflt
ckdflgt x'gk' b{5 < cjZo kb}g{ h;/L
To; If]qdf clwsf+z :yfgsf] gfd
hghfltsf] efiffsf cfwf/df x'bF f ckdflgt
x'gk' /]sf] 5}g, To;/L g} ckdflgt x'gk' b}g{ .
Tof] P]ltxfl;stf xf] Tof] klxrfg xf] . s]
pgLxsf] To; If]qdf xsclwsf/ :yfkgf
ubf{ cGo hfltxsf] xs / clwsf/
vf]l;G5 < vf]l;Fbg} a? hghfltxsf]
xsclwsf/;Fu} pgLxsf] xsclwsf/ klg
:yfkgf ul/G5 . s] To; If]qdf a:g] cGo
hfltn] hghfltnfO{{ lyr]sf x'g\ jf e]befj
u/]sf x'g\ < cjZo xf]Og /fHosf] unt
gLltsf sf/0f To; k|sf/sf] e]befj ePsf]
xf] . ;a} lj?jfxn] Ps} k|sf/sf] dnhn
/ uf]8d]n kfPgg\ . cGo hfthfltx If]qLo
kdf dfq pTkL8gdf k/] t/ hghfltx
If]qLo kdf dfq xf]Og, ;Dk"0f{kdf
pTkL8gdf k/] . s] hghfltxnfO{{ hftLo,
eflifs, ;fFsl[ ts tyf ;fdflhs clwsf/
lbFbf cGo hfltx bf];f| ] bhf{sf gful/s
aGg hfG5g\ < cjZo x'bF g} g\ a? pgLxsf]
;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] clwsf/ dfq
xf]Og, pgLxsf] If]qLo clwsf/ klg
;'lglZrt x'G5 . To; If]qsf] ef}uf]lns,
;fdflhs / ;a} w/ftnnfO{{ ToxL kdf
a'g'kb{5 / ToxL kdf ;Daf]wg
ul/g'kb{5 .
olb hftLo cfwf/df ;+3Lotf lbg]
xf] eg] g]kfndf !)! hflt 5g\ . oL
;a}nfO{{ ;+3Lotf lbg'kb{5, hf] ;Dej
5}g eGg] h:tf] s'ts{ ug]x{ sf] lgs}
7"nf] 8\of 5 d"ntM of] hghfltxnfO{{
clwsf/ glbg] dfgl;stfaf6 hlGdPsf
ljrf/ xf] . ;+3Lotfsf] d"n dd{dfly
logLxn] lgs} 7"nf] k|xf/ ul//x]sf 5g\ .
;+3Lotf lsg cfjZos eof] eGg] s'/fsf]
h8df guP/ km]l/ ;Dk"0f{ hghfltxnfO{{
pxL pTkL8gdf /flv/xg] ljrf/n] s;/L
g]kfnsf] ;d[4tf b]Vg] < h'g e"lddf
pld|Psf la?jfnfO{{ dfg{s} nflu gofF
la?jfx pgLxsf] If]qdf /f]lkof] . lgs}
uf]8d]n / dnhn ul/of] h;n] h'g
e"lddf pld|Psf la?jf lyP, tL la?jf
dg{ nfu] . To;}n] aflx/af6 NofOPsf
la?jfnfO{{ h;/L dnhn lbP/ x'sf{Oof] .
To;/L g} pgLxnfO{{ klg dnhnsf]
cfjZostf 5 . k|af;L lj?jf a/fa/
pgLx klg x'g kfpg' kb{5, ta dfq
h+unsf] x/fe/f a9\g] 5 . ;d[4 h+un
aGg] 5 eGg] s'/f g} xf] . g ls ;a}
lj?jfx kmfn]/ ToxfF pld|Psf lj?jfnfO{{
dfq hf]ufpg] eg]sf] xf], To;}n] ;a}
lj?jfx x'ss
{] f nflu hf] lj?jfx
sdhf]/ ePsf 5g\, x'sg{ kfPsf 5}gg\, tL
lj?jfnfO{{ :ofxf/;Def/ u/L k|af;L
lj?jfxh:tf] agfpg' s] g/fd|f] xf] / <
;of} hfltsf cfcfg} ;d:ofx 5g\,
;a}sf] ;dfg clwsf/ 5 . ;a}n] b]z, zf;g
tyf lgod, sfg'g xfd|f] cfg} xf] eGg]
dx;';' u/fpg ;Sg'kb{5 dfq gofF g]kfn
aGg;S5 / zflGtsf] :yfkgf x'g ;S5 .
;+3Lo /fHo, :jfoQ If]q / ;+/lIft If]qsf]
cjwf/0ff cg'ksf] ;a} hfthfltxsf]
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{k' b{5 . ;f]xL cg'k
clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ug{k' b{5 .

kG5Lx?sf] aw ug]{ tyf df;'sf] pkef]u ug]{ k|j[lQ kl/jt{g u/f}+ .

a8{k\mn h:tf kG5LhGo /f]ux?sf] lgoGq0fdf ;xefuL agL,
cfk"m klg arf}+ ;dfhnfO{ klg arfcf}+ .
kG5Lx?sf] aw 3/aflx/ kfgLsf] ;|f]teGbf 6f9f ug]{ u/f}F .
s'v'/f sf6]kl5 e'OF /fd|f];Fu kvfNg], k'5\g] -lg;+qmd0f_ u/f}F .
aw ul/;s]kl5 s'v/' f tyf sfFrf] df;'sf] n;k;af6 afnaflnsfx?nfO{
6f9} /fvf}F .
df;' sf6]kl5 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/, ;'nL, Kjfn cflbnfO{ hyfefjL gkmfnL
vfN8f]df uf8\g] jf hnfpg] u/f}F .
s'v'/f;Fusf] n;k; tyf df;' sf6\g] sfd ;lsPkl5 ;fa'g kfgLn]
/fd|f;
] Fu xft w'g] u/f}F .
leqL efu;Dd /fd|f];Fu kfs]sf] s'v'/fsf] df;' dfq vfg] u/f}F .
la/fdL jf d/]sf s'v'/fsf] df;' s'g} klg cj:yfdf vfg] gu/f}F .
c08fsf] leqL;Dd ;fx|f] x'g] cj:yf;Dd pdfn]/ of ksfP/ vfg] u/f}F .

a8{km\ n' /f]usf] /f]syfd / lgoGq0fdf xfdL ;a}sf] k|lta4tf

g]kfn ;/sf/

s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno kz' ;]jf ljefu

Pleog OGk\mn'oGhf lgoGq0f cfof]hgf

a"9fgLns07, sf7df8f},F kmf]gM $^%)!@*&, $^%)$(!, $^%)!@*

/fatOfc t]u %! 3fd nf; *^)@

sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#@)^#^$

hl6n aGb}5 zf;sLo :j?ksf] ax;

clxn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] lgs}
ljjflbt aGg k'us
] f] ljifo zf;sLo
:j?ksf] ljifodf /fhgLlts bnx?aLr
lgs} rsf]{ ax; rln/x]sf] 5 . d"ntM
tLg 7"nf bnx?df g]kfnL sfFu;
]| n]
d'n'ssf] zf;sLo :j?k;DaGwdf
;+;bLo k|0ffnLaf6 6;d; ug{ g;lsg]
ts{ ul//x]sf] 5 eg] dfcf]jfbL s'g}
klg xfntdf k|ToIf lgjf{lrt /fi6klt
d'ns
' sf] sfo{sf/L k|dv
' x'gk' g]{ c8fgdf
5 . ptf Pdfn] eg] ldl>t k|0ffnL
ckgfpg ;lsg] demwf/df plePsf]
5 . o;} kl/j]zdf ldl>t zf;sLo
:j?ksf] ljkIfdf kqsf/ ljhos'df/
sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf n]V5g\ s}6l/gf
s}kmsf] cf]7, P]Zjof{ /fosf] ufnf /
k|Llt lhG6fsf] v'f ld>0f ul/of] eg]
xfd|f pk;ldltsf ljfg\ ;ef;b\x?n]
sNkgf u/]em}F s'g} ck"0f{ ;'Gb/L xf]Og,
c:6fjqmsL alxgL pTkGg x'gl] 5g\ .
o;} k[i7e"ldaf6 ;'? ePsf] zf;sLo
:j?ksf] ax;n] clxn] /fhgLltnfO{
lgs} t/lt t'NofOlbPsf] 5 eg]
/fhgLlts bnx?df cfufdL ;+ljwfgdf
d'ns
' sf] zf;sLo :j?k s:tf] x'g] eGg]
ljifodf lgs} 7"nf] dtfGt/ b]lvG5 .
d'ns
' sf] zf;g k|0ffnL;DaGwL ax; /
ljjfb clxn] bnLo 3]/fdf dfq ;Lldt
5}g, Tof] ax; / ljjfbn] aflx/L j[Qdf
klg 7"n} xnrn k}bf u/]sf] 5 .
cvaf/sf kfgfx?df b]lvg] zf;sLo
:j?k;DaGwL ljrf/f]Qh
] s n]v, /rgf
/ ax; jf:tjd} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf
nflu slQsf] kmnbfoL x'g] xf], Tof] t
ef]lnsf lbgx?n] g} b]vfpg]5 . t/
klg 3gLe"t eGb} uPsf] zf;sLo
:j?ksf] ax; / ljjfbn] eg]
/fhgLlts l8:sf];n
{ fO{ gof" r/0fdf
k'ofpg] cf"sng ug{ ;lsG5 . oBlk
ax; / 5nkmndf kfOg]
/rgfTdstfsf] cefj eg] ;a}df
b]lvG5 g} . /fhgLlts bnx?n] t
cfgf] bnLo cfu|x / s'07fsf cfwf/df
ax; k}/jL ug'{ g} eP, u}//fhgLlts
JolStTjx?af6 ;d]t ToxL k|sf/sf]
k}/jL x'g] u/]sf] 5 . pgLx? d"ntM
/fHok'g;{/+ rgf, ;+3Lotf / zf;sLo
:j?ksf] ax;df s]xL /fli6o tyf
cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] nfOg
jl/kl/ g} k}/jL ul//x]sf b]lvG5g\ .
x'g t d'ns
' sf] k'g;{/rgfsf] d'2f g}
k/fdz{bftf / PghLcf]x?sf] ks8leq
uO;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;dfhsf af}l4s

dlgs/ sfsL{ lgjt{dfg

hdftaf6 pgLx?sf] nfOgsf] JofVof /

ax; x'g' c:jfefljs xf]Og g} . d'ns
' nfO{
kl/jt{g ug]{ Ph]08fsf] sdf08 bnx?df
x'gk' g]d{ f Tof] k/fdz{bftf / u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfx?sf] xftdf hfg' b'ef{Uok"0f{ aGb}5 .
zf;sLo :j?kh:tf] c;fWo} hl6n /
dxTjk" 0 f{ ljifonfO{ pxL k' / fgf]
dfgl;stfsf cfwf/d} JofVof / ljZn]if0f
ul/g' d'ns
' nfO{ k'/fg} 9/f{df rnfpg
vf]Hg' xf] . o; k|sf/sf] z}nL / ;+:sf/n]
g d'n'ssf] cu|ufdL ?kfGt/0fsf
Ph]08fx?nfO{ g} ;dfTg ;S5, g t
ljBdfg zf;sLo lje]bx?sf] cGTo g}
x'g;S5 . o;n] kmut gof" ;+:s/0fdf
k'/fgf] Oltxf; n]Vg]l;jfo s]xL x'g5
] g} .
/fhgLlts j[Qdf x'g] zf;sLo :j?ksf]
ax;df ;Defjgf / /rgfTdstfeGbf
cfu|x / s'07f a];L 5 . vf;u/L g]tfx?
s;/L cfkm"n] sfod u/]sf] /fhgLlts
jr{Zj hf]ufpg ;lsG5 / cfkm" ;w}eF l/
s'g} g s'g} ?kdf ;Qfsf] jl/kl/ /xg
;lsG5 eGg] sf]0faf6 k|efljt eP/
ax; / 5nkmndf ;fd]n 5g\ . pgLx?
5f]6} cjlwsf] nflu eP klg s;/L
zlStdf k'Ug ;lsG5, To;}cg'?ksf]
zf;sLo :j?k ckgfpg'kg{] lg/Lx ts{
ug{;d]t kl5 k/]sf 5}gg\ . o; dfg]df
;+;bLo k|0ffnLnfO{ g} lglj{sNk dfGg]
Psyl/sf] lg/Lx ts{ 5, /fi6klt
hgtfaf6 r'lgg] eof] eg] Tof] lg/\sz
'
aGg]5 / p;n] clwgfosjfb nfb\g5
] .
t/, hgtff/f k|ToIf lgjf{lrt /fi6klt
lg/+sz
' x'g5
\ eGg' hgfb]zsf] ckdfg
ug]{ xf] / hgtfnfO{ pgLx?sf] /fhgLlts
clwsf/af6 al~rt u/fpg vf]Hg' xf] .
hgtfsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;Lldt agfpg
vf]Hg' xf] . cem hgtfnfO{ /fi6kltsf]
rog ug]{ clwsf/ ltdLx?sf] xf]Og
eGg' xf] . lglZrt?kdf hgtfn] r'gs
] f]
/fi6klt g} hgpQ/bfoL x'g5
] . p;n]
cfgf] kb hf]ufpgsf] nflu ;+;bLo
c+s ul0ftdf x]lng' cfjZos kg]{ 5}g
/ t'ngfTds?kdf hgtfsf] nflu a9L
sfd ug{] cj;/ klg ldNg]5 . olb
JolSt v/fa x'g uof] eg] csf]{ k6s
hgtfn] p;nfO{ bl08t ug{] 5g\ .
To;sf/0f p;n] ;s];Dd hgtfsf] dg
lhTg] k|of; ug{5
] . csf]t{ km{sf] jf Tof]
zf;sLo :j?k x'gk' 5{ eg]/ k'/fgf
;+;b\jfbL bnx? kl/jt{gnfO{ 5]Sg] u/L
ax;sf t/ l;h{gf ul//x]sf 5g\ .

lgZro klg cg]sf}F k|sf/sf] pTkL8g /

lje]bsf] dfv];f\nf]df lhpg ljjz /
/fHosf] d"nk|jfxaf6 unxTofOPsf
hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'gu] /L zf;sLo
:j?k lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsPg / ;a}nfO{
;fdflhs Gofo lbnfpg] lbzfdf pGd'v
x'g ;lsPg eg] h:tf];s
' } zf;sLo
:j?k ckgfP klg To;n] gof"
?kfGt/0ftkm{ d'n'snfO{ 8f]ofpg
;Sg]5g} / d'ns
' km]l/ klg k"jQ
{ /
cj:yfdf kmls{g ;Sg]5 . cflv/
kl/jt{g ;a}sf] rfxgf / ;kgf xf] .
7Ls ;dodf To;sf] ;Daf]wg x'g ;s]g
eg] cK7]/f] kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f x'g;S5 .
zf;sLo :j?ksf] af/]df ax; ubf{
Oltxf;nfO{ kms]/{ ;dLIff ug{] h?/L
x'g hfG5 . xfdLn] cfw'lgs g]kfnsf] 5
bzssf] Oltxf;nfO{ x]of}F eg] klg
g]kfndf xfn ckgfO"b} cfPsf] ;+;bLo
zf;g k|0ffnL k"0f{tM c;kmn eO;s]sf]
b]Vg ;S5f}F . @))& ;fnsf] /fhgLlts
kl/jt{gn] d'ns
' sf] zf;sLo :j?kdf
s'g} km]/abn Nofpg ;s]g . @)!%
;fndf klxnf]k6s cfdlgjf{rg eof] /
sfFu;
]| g]tf aLkL sf]O/fnfsf] g]tT[ jdf
;/sf/ u7g eof] . t/ pgsf] ;/sf/
b'O{ jif{ k'Ub} tTsfnLg /fhf dx]Gb|n]
;}lgs ljKnj u/L zf;g;Qf cfgf]
xftdf lnP / d'n'snfO{ #) jif]{
k~rfotL sfn/flqdf hfs] . km]l/ klg
bnx?n] @)$^ ;fndf PstGqLo
/fhzfxL 9fn] / d'ns
' df km]l/ Psk6s
k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{kgf;lxt ax'bnLo
zf;g Joj:yf cfof] . To;kl5 em08}
!^ jif{df g]kfnn] ;+jw} flgs /fhtGqsf]
hfdf;lxtsf] ax'bnLo k|hftflGqs
Joj:yf cjnDag uof] . t/ b'ef{Uo
egf}F jf lgolt ;f] cjlw Oltxf;s}
cl:y/ / sn+lst aGg k'Uof] . l6sfpg
/ rnfpgnfO{ e/dUb'/ k|oTg ul/Psf]
;+;bLo cEof;af6 cGttM P]ltxfl;s
c;kmntfafx]s s]xL xft k/]g . of]
3fdem}+ 5n{ /x]sf] oyfy{nfO{ 5f]k/]
k'gM ToxL ;+;bLo cEof;sf] jsfntdf
;do vlr{g' d'vt{ f l;jfo s]xL xf]Og .
;+;bLo cEof;df ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts
bnx?sf] Wofg g} ;/sf/ agfpg] /
lu/fpg]d} s]lGb|t x'g] x'b" f l;f] ;+;b\sf]
;fdYo{ g} To;}df vr{ x'g k'us
] f] Oltxf;
xfdL;"u 5 . @)^# kl5sf] P]ltxfl;s
kl/jt{gkl5sf] cjlwdf klg tTsfnLg

k|wfgdGqL dfwj g]kfnn] /fhLgfdf

lbPkl5 ax' d tLo k| l qmoff/f
k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rgdf Eofu'tfsf] wfgL{
k'ofpg g;Sbf & dlxgfsf] cjlwdf
!& k6s;Ddsf] r'gfjL ofO"ofO"sf]
hux";fOsf] tLtf] cltt cfdgful/ssf]
dfg;k6ndf cem} tfh} x'gk' 5{ . ;+;bLo
cEof;sf] oxL sfnv08df ;Qf
l6sfpgsf] nflu h] klg ug]{ k|jl[ Q
;+:sf/s} ?kdf :yflkt x'g k'Uof] /
clxn] klg xfdL ToxL k|jl[ Qdf x]lnO/x]sf
5f}F . d'VotM zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf]
ljifonfO{ cnkq 5f8]/ k|wfgdGqL 8f=
afa'/fd e/fO{sf] ljsNk vf]lhg'kg]{
ts{n] ToxL dfg;lstfnfO{ phfu/
u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] lgotL
egf}F jf g]kfnLx?sf] b'ef{Uo, P]ltxfl;s
kl/jt{gkZrft\ klg /fhgLlts bnx?
Tof] k'/fgf] /f]uu|:t dfgl;stfaf6 dfly
p7\g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . /, ;xdtLo
;+:sf/sf] ljsf; ub}{ cfly{s ;d[l4lt/
nlDsg'kg]{ /fhgLlt ;+;bLo c+s
ul0ftsf] dfv];f\nf]df clNemPsf] 5 .
clxn] ;jfn /fHosf] k'g;{/+ rgfsf] xf],
h;n] ljBdfg ;a} k|sf/sf lje]b /
pTkL8gx?sf] cGTo ug{ h?/L 5 .
To;sf/0f s'g} bn ljz]ifsf] cfu|x jf
k"jf{ux| sf] e/df d'ns
' nfO{ k'/fg} ;+;bLo
bnbndf km;fP/ /fVg vf]lhof] eg]
Tof] ef]lnsf nflu c;fWo} kZrufdL
sbd ePsf] 7xg]{ lglZrt 5 .
To;sf/0f /fhgLlts bnx?n] lhDd]jf/
eP/ s]xL d'Le/ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf /
k/fdz{bftfx?sf] ks8d} ;Lldt
/fHosf] ?kfGt/0fsf] d'2fnfO{ y't/]
/rgfTds ax; / 5nkmn ub}{ cu|ufdL
lgsf;df k'Ug' h?/L 5 . gq ef]ln
d'ns
' sf] jfu8f]/ ;DxfNg] bnx? geO{
ltg} u};; / k/fdz{bftfx? x'g5
] g\ .
bnx?n] a]nd} f uDeL/ eP/ ;f]rg" \ .
xf], clxn]sf] ;+qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfdf
klg h'g hftLo, eflifs, n}l+ us, cfly{s,
;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts klxrfgsf] d'2f
p7]sf] 5, To;nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;lsPg
eg] To;n] csf]v
{ fn] ljb|fx] hGdfpg]
lglZrt 5 . clwsf/ / klxrfgsf nflu
ul/Psf cfGbf]ngx?nfO{ /fHon] cfly{s
?kfGt/0fsf] Ph]08f;"u ;dGjo u/L
juL{o d'2f;"u hf]9g\ ] s8L km]nf kfg{
;lsPg eg] km]l/ klg xfdL Gsf]
k'jf{4lt/ kmls{g;Sg] ;Defjgf 68\sf/f]
aGb} uPsf] 5 .

;tLn] ;/fk]sf] b];f]zd/fh/ kf]afa'

/
fdsf]
aa{
/
fx6
v/]n

dxL a9\bf xf];\ jf hgtfn] s'g}

ljifodf b'Mv kfpFbf xf];\ emnemnL
;Demg'kg]{ Pp6} AolStTj ag]sf 5g\
8f= afa'/fd e/fO{ . pgL ul/asf
k|wfgdGqL x'g\ . dfcf]afbLsf] dWoddfuL{
eP/ cfPsf pgL cj;/afbL / ;j{xf/f
au{sf] aLr wf/af6 cufl8 a9]sf
AolSt . To;} n ] pgn] k| r 08sf]
cj;/afbL / df]xg j}Bsf] ;j{xf/f
au{nfO{ ;Demgf ub}{ cufl8 a9\g' kg{]
cj:yf xf] . afa'/fdnfO{ ;Demgsf nflu
!^ jif{sf] l76f]nfO{ ;Demg'kg]{ x'G5 . cem
eGg] xf] eg] )%@ ;fndf hlGdPsf]
dfcf]afbLdf ;a} ul/a / ;dfh kLl8t
AolStsf] ;xefuLtf lyof] . Tolta]nfsf]
d'Vo p2]Zo g} zf];s ju{nfO{ w/ftnLo
l:yltdf Nofpg' lyof] . clg Gofo lbg'
lyof] kLl8t ju{nfO{ .
lgs} r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf u/L h+un
uPsf] lyof] dfcf]afbL . h+unleq
hgfj/sf] ;+ut} gu/]klg /ftf/ft h+un
h+un lxF8/] } eP klg dfcf]afbLn] !)
jif{ latfPs} xf] . xf], clxn] Tof] dfcf]afbL
!^ jif{sf] nSsf hjfg ePsf] 5 . p;n]
h+unb]lv ;8s x'bF } ;bg / ;/sf/df
/fh ul//x]sf] 5 . o:tf] nfU5 p;n]
h] rfxG5 ToxL ul//x]sf] 5, eO/x]sf]
5 . olb Tof] !^ jif{ l76L x'GyL eg]
snsnfpFbL / nhfpFbL xGyL . p;n]
P;Pn;Lsf] k/LIff lbP/ SofDk;]
hLjgsf nflu hfg cft'/ x'GyL . p;sf
afa'cfdf / pm :jo+ ;+oldt 5g\ eg]
eljZo u'Yg] a]nfdf x'GyL . ToxL lx;fa
lstfa Ps nSsf hjfg l76f]df klg
nfu' x'G5 . ;+oldt geP pm :jfF7 eP/

lg:sg] 5 . oxL l:yltnfO{ t'ngf ug{]

xf] eg] dfcf]afbLdf s]xL g]tfx? /
sfo{stf{x? ;+oldt 5g\ . pgLx?
uDeL/ 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ cfgf] /
g]kfnLsf] lrGtf 5 . oL ;Lldt dfq
5g\ . afFsL :jfF7 5g\ hlGdPsf] !^
jif{sf] lau|]sf] rl/q h:tf] . oxL
lalu|Psf] rl/q ;8sb]lv ;bg;Dd
ePsf] cg'ej cfd g]kfnLn] ug{ yfn]sf
5g\ . w]/} ;/sf/ b]lvof] ca ;fFlRrs}
;+3if{ u/]sf] dfcf]afbLsf] ;/sf/ klg
x]/f}+ g eGb} ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf
;xfg'el" tsf] ef]6 dfcf]afbLn] kfPs} xf] .
Tof] ;xfg'e"lt dfcf]afbLn] k|r08
g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/sf a]nfdf v'j} vfof] .
To;kl5 deGbf 7"nf] of] d'ns
' df sf]xL
x'g ;Sb}g eGg] cxd\ kfn]sf k|r08n]
tTsfnLg k|wfg;]gfklt ?Sdft
s6jfnsf] sf/0fnfO{ lnP/ ;/sf/af6}
xft w'gk' of] . k|e' / tfgfzfxx?sf]
v]n ;lsPsf] 5}g eGb} dfcf]afbL v'j}
dlRrof] . zflGt k|lqmofn] ult lng
g;s]sf] / ;+ljwfg agfpg] sfd klg
clNemPsf] a]nf dfcf]afbL g} ;/sf/df
guP emg\ s'/f] lau|g] 7fg]/ Pdfn]sf
dfwjs'df/ g]kfn / emngfy vgfnn]
;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j ;Dxfn]kl5 dfcf]afbLn]
g]tT[ j ;DxfNg] cj;/ kfof] . /, To;sf]
g]tT[ j 8f=afa'/fd e/fO{n] ug{] cj;/
kfP . afa'/fdnfO{ dfcf]afbL leqsf
;sf/fTds / O{dfGbf/ AolStTjsf ?kdf
cfd ;j{;fwf/0fn] dfq xf]Og ljkIfL
bnx?sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{n] klg lng

yfn]sf lyP . ;du|sf x]bf{ g]kfnLn]

rfx]sf k|wfgdGqLsf ?kdf afa'/fdnfO{
pEofOof] . o;sf] d'Vo sf/0f xf] k|r08
g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/sf cy{dGqL x'bF f pgn]
p7fPsf] s'/f ;fFRr}sf] ;d[4 g]kfn
agfpg] emns afa'/fdn] Tolta]nf
lbPsf lyP . To;}sf] Jofh :j?k pgL
g]kfnsf] k|wfgdGqL eP . t/ ul/asf
k|wfgdGqLn] b]zsf] ljsf; / :t/nfO{
lbg bf] u'gf / /ft rf}ug' f ug{k' g]d{ f
ahf/ efp kf] XjfQ} a9fP . ug{g;Sg]
s'/f s]xL 5}g eGb} pgn] x/]s If]qdf
lgb{z
] g lbFb} lx+8] . ;Dej s'/f klg u/]
c;Dej s'/f klg u/] . sfd gu/]
klg g]tfdf x'gk' g]{ u'0f;d]t gePsf
afa'/fdn] efiffnfO{ lgs} ;:tf] agfP .
h] af]n] klg x'g] atfOlbPsf afa'/fdn]
slxn] ef/t;Fu u/]sf] ljkf ;Demf}tfnfO{
/fd|f] eg] t slxn] sl/o/ hf]lvddf
/fv]/ ;Demf}tf u/]sf] eg] . pgsf] of]
egfO{sf] cy{;d]t cfkm}n
F ] ga'em]em}+ u/]
pgn] . lrlgofF k|wfgdGqLnfO{ leq\ofP/
lakL sf] O /fnf / lul/hfk| ; fb
sf]O/fnfsf] prfO{ cfgf] klg ePsf]
eGg kl5 k/]gg . t/ vf]O t lakL /
lhkLn] u/]h:tf sfd u/]sf] < /fli6o
;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j klg cfkm}n] ug{]
eG5g\ . km]l/ kf6L{n] v6fPsf]n] ubf{
t'?Gt} lkmtf{ x'g klg ;Sg] atfpF5g\ .
;fx|} s]6f}n] :jefjsf t/ cfk"mn] h]
ul//x]sf] xf] Tof] ;xL g} ePsf] 7fGg]
afa'/fd !^ jif{sf] l76} x'g\ eGg'df Ps
/lQ klg glxlRsrfP x'G5 . x'bF f x'bF f

g]kfnnfO{ slxn] ef/t / slxn] rLg;+u

dh{ ug'k{ g]{ ts{ /fV5g\ . s;}n] cfgf]
b]z dh{ePsf] b]Vg ;S5 < of] klg
s]6f}nk] g g} xf] . o'jfx?nfO{ pmhf{
yKg'k5{ eg]/ lzIff g} ;a} xf] eGb}
lzIffd'vL efif0f klg 7f]s] . s;}n]
gkTofPkl5 ca ljBfyL{s} dg e'6g\ '
k5{ egL tlD;Psf pgn] lzIffdf v'j}
hf]8 lbP . t/ pgsf] Tof] vf]qmf] efif0f
g t slxNo} Aojxf/df Nofpg] k|of;
u/] g t lzIff slxNo} c?n] lng'k5{
eGg] dfGotf /fv] . cfk"mn] ef/taf6
lkPr8L u/]sf pgn] lzIffnfO{ dxTj
lbFbf x'g\ t ;+:s[tsf] k9fO aGb u/fpg]
lyPgg\ . ljZjn] g} ;+:s[tnfO{ ;a}eGbf
k'/fgf] / /fd|f] lzIff elg/x]sf a]nfdf
;+:s[t a'em]sf afa'/fdn] lsg kf]
;+:s[tsf 7]nLx? hnfpg cu|;/ x'bF f
x'g\ . leqL / aflx/L cfj/0fnfO{ lgs}
km/s agfPsf k|wfgdGqL afa'/fdn]
efif0fs} qmddf ;tLn] ;/fk]sf] b]z
geGg klg cfu|x u/] . lzIffn] ubf{
;tLnfO{ bf]if lbOPsf] pgsf] ts{5 .
of] pgsf] ts{ klg l7s} xf]nf ;do
;fk]If . t/ hgtfn] ljZjf; u/]sf
k|wfgdGqLn] hgtfnfO{ g} b'Mv lbg],
hgtfsf efjgfnfO{ s'lNrg] / laxfg
;fFemsf] uf;;d]t l6Kg g;Sg] u/L
ahf/ efp a9fpg]nfO{ s] eGg] <
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f / zflGt k|lqmofnfO{
lgisif{df gk'ofP $% lbgd} /fhLgfdf
lbG5' eg]sf k|wfgdGqL kfFr dlxgfdf
b]znfO{ emg} cwf]ulttkm{ ws]ns
] f 5g\ .
To;}n] s'g} ;do o:tf] eGg] lbg gcfjf];\
g]kfn afa'/fdn] ;/fk]sf] b]z xf] .

;z+lst a]Olh / xfd|f] d':sfg

zlzw/ e08f/L
s]xL jif{cufl8;Dd Plzofsf] lj/fdL /fi6 of k"js
{ f] t/e'hfsf ?kdf klZrdfx?n]
kl/efiff ug]{ b]z rLg cfh ljZjsf] bf];f| ] 7"nf] cy{tGq ePsf] /fi6sf ?kdf
cufl8 cfPsf] 5 . ef/tnfO{ dfq xf]Og o'/f]k / cd]l/sfnfO{ ;d]t ;fDojfbsf]
e"tn] sd t/ lrlgofF kmf]ljofn] a9L nv]6g\ yfn]sf] 5 . To;}sf] :jfefljs
kl/0ffd ;fd|fHojfbL xtf;f ltAatnfO{ prfNg] / a]OlhnfO{ xfGg] /0fgLltcGtu{t
v]Ng yfn]sf] s]xL jif{ eO;s]sf] 5 . uDeL/ cfly{s ;+s6df km;]sf] ;dsfnLg
Psn w'j| Lo ;fd|fHojfbn] cem} rLgnfO{ k5fg{ ;Sg] hu]8f zlStsf ?kdf
;fdl/s zlStnfO{ hf]ufP/ /fVg ;s]sf] 5 . rLgsf] pbonfO{ 3]/faGbL u/]/
t;f{pg ljz]iftM cd]l/sfn] hfkfg, blIf0fsf]l/of, O/fs / ckmuflg:tfgdf h:t}
g]kfndf klg ljzfn ;}Go cv8f :yfkgf ug{rfxG5 . cd]l/sfsf] Tof] e"d08nLo
;fd|fHojfbL p2]Zo Tof] a]nf k"/f x'g5
] , h'ga]nf g]kfnsf] /fli6o Pstf / ;Defjsf]
hu eTsg] 5 . ef/t / rLg h:tf b'O{ ljzfn l5d]sLx?sf] r]kj' fdf /x]sf] xfd|f]
b]z g]kfn tLa| ultdf gof" g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] dgdf]xs cfj/0fdf e"d08nLo
;fd|fHojfbsf] km/flsnf] v]n d}bfg aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 . cfh /fli6o /fhgLltsf]
s]Gb| efudf g]kfnsf] :jfledfg / ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] cl:tTj xf]Og hftLo /fHox?sf]
cl:tTjsf] vf]hL eO/xg', ;+jb] gzLn e"uf]ndf cjl:yt l;+uf] d'ns
' nfO{ ax'/fli6o
/fHosf] unt kl/efiff ug{ / g]kfn PsLs/0fsf] j}wtfdfly k|Zg p7fpg' ;fd|fHojfbL
e"d08nLs/0fsf] OG66] ;
\ df dn xfNg' xf] .
g]kfnsf] /fli6o cl:tTjsf] cToGt 7"nf] uf}/jk"0f{ Oltxf; /x]sf] 5 . klZrdf
;fd|fHojfbn] rLgnfO{ t/e'hfnfO{ h:t} lr/f kfbf{, ef/tdf c+uh
]| x?n] #)) jif{
zf;g ubf{ ;d]t g]kfn h:tf] Pp6f ;fgf] lxdfnL d'ns
' sf] ;fj{ef}ldstf /
cv08tf hf]lug'df xfd|f k'vf{x?sf] ;fgf] b]zelStk"0f{ alnbfgn] sfd u/]sf] 5}g .
bf];f| ] ljZjo'4k5fl8 ljZjsf s}og cf}klgj]lzs d'ns
' x? d'St eP t/ ;'uf}nL
;lGwn] s;]sf] cw{cf}klgj]lzstfsf] hl~h/ !% cu:t !($& df cfhfb ePsf]
ef/tn] yk sl;nf] agfof] . To;f] t ef}uf]lns cv08tfsf] /Iff / /fli6o d'lStsf
lgldQ b]zeSt g]kfnLx?nfO{ clj/fd ;+3if{ ug{kl//x]sf] 5 . o; bf}8fgdf g]kfnL
/fli6o ;fj{ef}lds cv08tfsf] /Iffsf] k|Zgdf lrlgofF sf8{ klg lgs} zlStzfnL
c:q aGb} cfPsf] Oltxf; af]Nb5 . ;g\ !(^@ df xfd|f] blIf0flt/sf] l5d]sL d'ns
'
ef/tn] g]kfndfly lj:tf/jfbL lu4]bl[ i6 nufO/x]sf] Ps cj:yfdf tTsfnLg
lrlgofF" k//fi6dGqL dfz{ r]g oLn] g]kfndfly s'g} d'ns
' n] xdnf ub{5 eg]
To;nfO{ xfdL rLgdflysf] xdnf ;Demg] 5f}+ eg]/ lbPsf] cleJolSt sd ljrf/0fLo
5}g . g]kfnsf] /fli6otf / ;fj{ef}lds cv08tfsf] ;Ddfg / k~rzLnsf] l;4fGtsf
cfwf/df d"Nof+sg ubf{ rLgn] g]kfnnfO{ c;n l5d]sL d'ns
' sf ?kdf Jojxf/ ub}{
cfPsf] b]lvG5 . ;u/dfyf ljjfb, d':tf 36gf nufotsf ljifodf rLgn]
P]ltxfl;s tYo / oyfy{nfO{ :jLsf/ u/]/ cfgf] wf/0ff ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] lyof] .
clxn] ljZjsf] bf];f| ] 7"nf] cy{tGq af]ss
] f] / efjL dxfzlStsf ?kdf pbfpg]
kydf lx+8s
] f] rLgn] ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] ;fdl/s 3]/faGbLnfO{ tf]8g\ sf lgldQ
;j{ky| d cy{tGqs} lkn/nfO{ dha't afpgsf lgldQ s;/t ul//x]sf] 5 . To;
l;nl;nfdf blIf0f cd]l/sfsf a|flhn, So"jf, e]gh
] o' nf nufotsf d'ns
' x?;"usf]
cfly{s / s"6gLlts ;DaGw / ldqtf tyf Sofl6g cd]l/sfsf] PG6L ODKof/nfh{Ho
kmf];l{ ;tsf] ;'dw'/tfsf] w/ftndf pleb} u/]sf] rLgsf nflu g]kfnL e"ldsf] ;'/Iff
clgjfo{ 5 . To;}n] rLgn] lgs} t/n / ;+qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] g]kfndf
olta]nf Pp6f :yfoL /fhgLlts zlStsf] vf]hL ul//x]sf] 5 . lrlgofF k|wfgdGqL
j]g lhofjfcf]sf] ut zlgjf/sf] kfFr 306] g]kfn e|d0fsf] t/Lsf, g]kfnn] lauf/]sf]
s"6gLlts dof{bfsf] kmn dfq} xf] . dfcf]jfbLsf] ef/tk/:t gLlt, s"6gLlts
pQfpnf]kg jf cIfdtf / j}rfl/s ptf/r9fjsf kbf{x? v'ln/x"bf a]Olh
dfcf]jfbLx?l;t ljZj:t x'g g;Sg] dfq xf]Og ;z+lst eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf ePkZrft /fHo ;~rfngsf] ljlwdf /x]sf bnx?n]
Ps rLg gLltdf k|ltj4tf hgfP klg Jojxf/tM g]kfndf ltAatLx?sf] ultljlw
/ pGdfb al9/x]sf] 5 . To;nfO{ ;/sf/n] /f]Sg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
cd]l/sfsf] g]tT[ jsf] Psn w'j| Lo ljZj / ax'wj|' Lo Plzofsf] /0fgLltdf /x]/
uf]6L rfln/x]sf] cd]l/sf / o'/f]ksf clwsf+z ;fd|fHojfbL d'ns
' x?l;t ef/tn]
cf0fljs ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 / olta]nfsf] ef/t ljZj ;fd|fHojfbsf] a}zfvLdf
blIf0f Plzofdf Pp6f rLglj/f]wL lkn/sf ?kdf pleg tof/ 5 . ;dsfnLg
ljZjdf km]l/Psf] zlSt ;Gt'ng cg'?k hfkfg klg cd]l/sL w'j| df v8f eP/
ltAatLx?nfO{ dn xfNg tof/} ePsf] kl/b[Zodf g]kfnsf] cl:y/ dfq xf]Og ef/t
/ ljZj ;fd|fHojfbk/:t /fhgLlt rLgsf nflu klg ;d:of ag]sf] 5 . o:tf]
cj:yfdf rLgsf] Wofg g]kfnsf] /fhgLltlt/ s]lGb|t eO/x"bf g]kfn;"u p;sf]
nfdf] s"6gLlts u[xsfo{sf] h?/t 5 . t/, rLgn] cfgf] e/f];fof]Uo /fhgLlts
zlStsf] klxrfg ug{ g} ;s]sf] 5}g . lrlgofF k|wfgdGqLn] zlgjf/ ;DkGg u/]sf]
gf6sLo e|d0f / &% s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/sf] ;xfotf l5d]sLk|ltsf] ;bf;otf /
cf}krfl/stf dfq xf] . lrlgof" s"6gLltsf] g]kfnk|ltsf] s'g} gofF cfofdsf] ;'?jft
xf]Og . ;/sf/sf k|jQmfn] h'g cfzoaf6 cleJolSt lbPsf 5g\ To;n]
jf:tljstfl;t d]n vfGg .
;fd|fHojfbL ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 b]zdf cfpg] cyfx wg/fzLsf] andf ;+3Lotf,
hflt, efiff, wd{ ;+:s[lt, If]q / ln+usf d'2fx?nfO{ l;4fGtxLg t/Lsfn] p7fOPsf]
5 . ;+3Lo /fHo ;~rfngsf bf}8fgdf ckgfOg] Pp6f k|fljlws ljifo dfq xf] .
To;n] /fHo Joj:yfsf] ;fdflhs / juL{o rl/ql;t vf;df ;/f]sf/ /fVb}g .
ljZjsf] g+= ! ;fd|fHojfbL d'ns
' cd]l/sfdf ;+3Lo k|0ffnL 5 . To:t} ;f]leot
?;df ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfdf klg ;+3Lo k|0ffnL ckgfOPsf] lyof] . t/, g]kfndf
;+3Lotf :jLsf/ ug{nfO{ k|ultzLn 7fGg] t/ PsfTds k|sf/sf] k|hftflGqs
ljs]lGb|s/0fsf] kIfdf pleg] ;d]tnfO{ oyfl:yltjfbL, k'/ftgjfbL eg]/ cfnf]rgf
ug{ h'g ;f]rfO 5, of] e|fds ;f]rfO xf] . ;+3Lotf /fHo ;~rfngsf] ljlwdf Pp6f
;fdfGo jf c;fdfGo h] egf}+ k|fljlws ljifo dfq eP klg o;n] af]s/] NofPsf
d'2fx?sf sf/0f xfd|f] b]zsf] ;Gbe{df cle;fk ;fljt ePsf] 5 . ;+3Lotf
g]kfnsf] hflt, efiff, wd{ ;+:s[lt / /fli6o ljv08gsf] k'lnGbf aGg] vt/f
df}nfO/x]sf] 5 . ;+3Lotf;"u p7]sf gf/fx?sf] sf/0f vnalnPsf] /fli6o Pstfsf]
hudf cd]l/sfn] g]kfndf ;}Go cv8f :yfkgf ug{ of]hgf agfO/x"bf a]Olh
;z+lst ag]sf] 5 . t/, xfdL 8n/sf] e'no} fdf ;+3Lotfsf] gf/f hf]8n] nufO/x]sf
5f},+ xfd|f] unkf;f] ;'ls{b} uO/x]sf] 5 .
bf];f| ] ljZjo'4kl5 cd]l/sfn] hfkfgnfO{ ;+3Lotfdf hfgsf lgldQ ;Nnfx
lbPsf] lyof] / hfkfgLx?n] cfgf] e"lddf a? cd]l/sL ;]gf :jLsf/ u/] t/
;+3Lotf :jLsf/ u/]gg\ . clxn] klg cd]l/sfsf] cf]sfofdf 6fk'df cd]l/sfsf] $&
xhf/ kmf}h k/]8 v]ln/x]sf] 5 . cfh hfkfgLx? t 5g\ t/ cd]l/sfsf] tKs]gLaf6
d'St 5}gg\ . cfh xfdLn] e"d08nLo /fhgLltsf] ljiffSt k|jfxnfO{ ;fdgf ug{
g;s]/ ;+3Lotfsf] kIfdf NofKr] 7f]ss
] f 5f}+ . ef]ln laxfg xfdLn] xfd|f] 5ftLdf
ljb]zL kN6g k/]8 v]nfpg :jLs[lt lbg]5f}+ . To;kl5 g xfdL ;d[4 x'g5
] f},+ g t
:jfwLg . g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf ef/t, cd]l/sf / o'/f]kn
] L o'lgog Pstdf;n]
v]ln/x]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/L u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] tKs]gLdf km:b} uO/x]sf] 5 .
/fli6otfsf tGt'x? db}{ uPsf 5g\ o:tf] tl:j/ b]v/] pQ/lt/ l5d]sL ;z+lst
5 t/ Oltxf;sf] dhfs xfdL eg] d':s'/fO/x]sf 5f}+ .

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