Canadian Standards Association

Welded Steel Construction (Metal Arc Welding)

Appendix D Welding Symbols

Note: This Appendix is not a mandatory part of this Standard.

D1. Welding Symbols

D1.1 General
Additional welding symbol information and drawing conventions have been used in Clause 10 of this Standard and are shown in the following Clauses of this Appendix.

D1.2 Symbols Convention for Grooves Welded from Both Sides with Back-Gouging
The use of GTSM (gouge to sound metal) in the tail of the welding symbol designates that a complete joint penetration groove weld is to be produced. The Contractor may choose to make the GTSM reference a general note on the shop or erection drawing. Alternatively, the convention of the Contractor identifying clearly to the Engineer all groove welds requiring such back-gouging operations may be used on the drawings, thus qualifying them as complete joint penetration groove welds. For complete joint penetration groove welds, as specified above, the symbol need not include the designations of the effective throat (E) for each side of the joint. Examples:

S G

GTSM (See Joint M2-1 of Clause 10.)

S2 S1

2 GTSM G 1 (See Joint M3-2 of Clause 10.)

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D1.3 Symbol Presentation of Complete Joint Penetration Groove Welds in Joints of Clause 10 Other than Those Requiring Back-Gouging D1.3.1
Single SAW groove welds in joints* welded from both sides without gouging to sound metal, for which the symbol shows only the depth of preparation S, are complete joint penetration groove welds. Their effective throat is stated separately. Example:

(See Joint S2-2 of Figure 10.3.)

Effective Throat = T
*Joints = S2-2, S2-6, S6-1, S6-4, S8-1, S8-4 of Clause 10.

D1.3.2
Square groove welds in joints welded from both sides*, for which the symbol shows neither the depth of preparation S nor the effective throat (T), are complete joint penetration groove welds. Their effective throat is stated separately. Example:

G Effective Throat = T

(See Joints M1-3 and F1-3 of Clause 10.)

Effective Throat = T
*Joints M1-3 and F1-3 of Clause 10.

D1.3.3
Single groove welds in joints with steel backing are complete joint penetration groove welds. Their effective throat is indicated in the respective welding symbol. Example:

S T (T) G (See Joint M2-4 of Figure 10.1.)

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Welded Steel Construction (Metal Arc Welding)

D1.4 Drawing Convention for Welding Symbols

Dotted lines indicate preparation of U- or J-grooves by the arc-air process. Such preparation may be used in the joint after fitting or on the second side of the joint after welding the first side. When GTSM is specified in the tail of the symbol, such gouging on the second side shall be to sound metal. Preparation prior to fitting

D1.5 Drawing Convention for Prequalified Joints (Clause 10)

Solid lines indicate groove preparation prior to assembly for welding.

Dotted lines indicate gouging to sound metal.

D1.6 Materials for Backing and Spacers

S
Single V-groove with steel (S)* backing

Double V-groove with steel (S)* spacer

*The following letters may be used as applicable: S SR T F C - steel or other material as specified - same as S but removed after welding - tape - flux ceramic

Note: This symbolization is specific to CSA Standard W59.

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D1.7 Flare Bevel Groove Weld Symbol

The welding symbol for flare bevel groove welds in T-joints indicates the weld face width, w.

W = weld face width (E) W Note: This welding symbol is specific to CSA Standard W59.

D1.8 Flare V-Groove Weld Symbol

When a flare V-groove is formed as a result of a bevelled edge of a planer surface butting longitudinally along a curved surface, the welding symbol shown shall be as follows:

(E)

Note: This welding symbol is specific to CSA Standard W59.

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Location of Elements of a Welding Symbol
Finish symbol Contour symbol Reference line Length of weld Pitch (centre-to-centre spacing) of welds Field weld symbol

Welded Steel Construction (Metal Arc Welding)

Basic Welding Symbols and Location Significance
Location Significance Arrow Side Fillet Plug or Slot Back or Backing
Groove Weld Symbol

Stud

Arc Spot

Effective Throat Depth of preparation; size for certain welds Specification; process; or other reference

S (E)

(Both sides)

F A R

( Arrow ) ( Other ) side side

Groove angle; included angle of countersink for plug welds

L-P

Weld-all-around symbol

Other Side

Groove Weld Symbol

Not Used

Tail (omitted when reference not used) Basic weld symbol or detail reference

Arrow connecting reference line to arrowside member of joint

Both Sides No Arrow Side or Other Side Significance

Not Used

Not Used

Not Used

Not Used

Root opening; depth of filling for plug and slot welds

Elements in this area remain as shown when tail and arrow are reversed

Not Used

Not Used

Not Used

Not Used

Not Used

Supplementary Symbols
Weld All-Around Field Weld Backing, MeltSpacer, or Through Consumable Insert Contour Flush Convex Concave

Where letter designations of processes are to be used in the tail of the welding symbol, they shall conform to Table 1, Letter Designations of Welding and Allied Processes and Their Variations of AWS A2.4-98

11. Flush Contour Symbol

Flush contour symbol indicates face of weld to be made approximately flush. When used without a surface finish symbol, it indicates weld without subsequent finishing.

1. Basic Joints Butt Joint

Arrow of welding symbol Arrow side of joint

6. Weld-All-Around Symbol
Weld-all-around symbol indicates that weld extends completely around the joint

12. Convex Contour Symbol

Finish symbol (users standard) indicates method of obtaining specified contour but no degree of finish

Other side of joint

Convex contour symbol indicates face of weld to be finished to convex contour by grinding

2. Basic Joints T-Joint

Arrow of welding symbol Arrow side of joint

7. Field Weld Symbol

Field weld symbol indicates that weld is to be made at a place other than that of initial construction Flag points away from the arrow (W59 recommendation)

13. Complete Joint Penetration

Indicates complete joint penetration groove weld regardless of type of weld and joint preparation

CJP

Other side of joint

To be used on design drawing only (see Clause 4.1.1.1.4)

3. Basic Joints Corner Joint

Arrow side of joint

8. Melt-Through Symbol
Any applicable weld symbol

14. Multiple Reference Lines

First operation shown on reference line nearest arrow

1
Arrow of welding symbol Other side of joint Size (height) Omission indicates no special height desired

Second operation, or supplementary data Third operation, or test information

4. Basic Joints Lap Joint

9. Joint with Backing

With groove weld symbol Notes: (1) Material (M) and dimension of backing as specified. see Notes (2) R indicates backing removed after welding. (3) See Clause D1.6.

15. Finishing of Welds

C G M R H Chipping Grinding Machining Rolling Hammering Finishing of welds other than cleaning is indicated by suitable contour and finish symbols. These finishing symbols indicate the method, not the degree, of finish.

Other side of joint Arrow of welding symbol Arrow side of joint

MR

5. Basic Joints Edge Joint

Arrow side of joint Arrow of welding symbol Joint

10. Joint with Spacer

With modified groove weld symbol Notes: (1) Material (M) and dimensions of spacer as specified. (2) See Clause D1.6.

16. Abbreviations
GTSM Gouge To Sound Metal CJP Complete Joint Penetration PJP Partial Joint Penetration

M
Double bevel symbol 030

see Notes

(Continued)

Figure D1 American Welding Society Standard Welding Symbols

ADAPTED TO SCOPE OF CSA STANDARD W59

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Basic Welding Symbols and Their Location Significance

Square Groove V-Groove Bevel Groove U-Groove J-Groove Flare V-Groove Flare Bevel Groove Location Significance Arrow Side

Other Side

Both Sides

17. Double-Fillet Welding Symbol

Weld size (length of leg)
5F 8 12 75 75

24. Single V-Groove Welding Symbol

Length Omission indicates that weld extends between abrupt changes in direction or as dimensioned Depth of preparation Effective throat Root opening
12 (12) 0 60

Specification, process, or other reference

Groove angle

Omission of depth of preparation and effective throat indicates complete joint penetration is required.

18. Chain Intermittent Fillet Welding Symbol

Pitch distance between centres of increments Length of increments

25. Double Bevel Groove Welding Symbol

Arrow points toward member to be prepared Effective throat Omission of depth of preparation and effective throat indicates total depth of preparationsymmetrical in case of double groove weldsequal to the thickness of the member and, hence, complete joint penetration groove weld is required

8 8

50-150 50-150

(25) (30)

Weld size (length of leg)

19. Staggered Intermittent Fillet Welding Symbol

Pitch distance between centres of increments

26. Welding Symbols for Grooves Welded from Both Sides with Back-Gouging
Only depth of preparation is required in the welding symbol
GTSM 12 10 GTSM

12 12

75-125 75-125

10

Weld size (length of leg)

Length of increments

GTSM signifies total effective throat is equal to the thickness of material. See Clause D1.2 of Appendix D.

20. Plug Welding Symbol

Included angle of countersink Size diameter of hole at root
30 25 10 80

27. Back-Welding Symbols

Pitch distance between centres of welds Depth of filling (omission indicates filling is complete) Any single groove weld with a pass from the other side with no special identification in the tail is considered a groove weld with a back weld. Second operation OR First operation

21. Slot Welding Symbol

Slot width Depth of filling (omission indicates filling is complete)
28 16 30 80-200

28. Backing Welding Symbols

Pitch distance between centres of welds Slot length Included countersink angle Any single groove weld with a pass from one side identified in the tail by backing weld is considered to be a groove weld with a backing weld. Second operation
BACKING WELD

OR

First operation

Note: Location and orientation of welds to be shown on the drawing.

22. Flare-V and Flare-Bevel Groove Welding Symbols

Flare-V
(6)

29. Stud Welding Symbol

Arrow points to the surface to which the stud is to be welded. Diameter
12 (8) 100

Flare-Bevel
(3) 1

Effective throat Root opening

Effective throat Root opening

Pitch

Number of studs

Notes: (1) Stud weld symbol is always below the reference line. (2) The location of the first and last stud weld in each single line shall be specified on the drawing. Notes: (1) Arc spot weld symbols can be placed above or below the reference line, depending on whether welding is to be done on the other side or the arrow side member respectively. (2) The location of the first and last arc spot weld in each single line shall be specified on the drawing.

23. Square Groove Welding Symbols

For square groove the depth of preparation is omitted in the symbol
(4) 5

30. Arc Spot Welding Symbol

Number of Diameter of spot weld (10) Spot Welds required at faying surface.* *Instead of diameter the 6 80 SMAW required shear strength per spot can be specified. Pitch The spot weld symbol placed above the reference line indicates that the spot weld is to be made on the other side and not the arrow side member.

Effective throat Root opening

Omission of effective throat without designating the weld as seal weld in the tail of the symbol indicates complete joint penetration is required

Figure D1 (Concluded)

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Appendix D - Welding Symbols

Figure D l Standard Welding Symbols (Adapted to Scope of CSA W59-M Standard)

LOCATION O F E L E M E N T S OF A WELDING SYMBOL

F~n~sh symhol

I BASIC WELDING SYMBOLS and THEIR LOCAllON SIGNIFICANCE 1

/--

Groove Angle; Included Angle of counters~nk Plug Welds for Length of Weld Weld symhol Pitch (centre-to-centre spac~ng) Welds of Arrow connecting Reference Line ta arrow-side member of Joint

Contour symbol Effective Throat Depth of Preparation; sire for certain welds

rField

reference not used) Basic weld symbol or Detail reference

T i
Used

1
MeltThru

'~eference Line

Weld All-Around

Field Weld

&, ::: 8
CONWMABLE

CONTOUR

,,. ,,,

~ ~ u s h

I on vex I

concave

breviations are t o be included i n the tail of the weldina symbol, reference is made toTable A, De-

Flush con tour symbol indicates face of weld t o be made approximately flush.
------A-

When used w i t h o u t a surface finish symbol. i t Indicates weld w i t h out su bsequent finishing

/ =

BUTT JOINT

WELD-ALL-AROUND SYMBOL

112

CONVEX CONTOUR SYMBOL

F~nish symbol (user's standard) indicates m e t h o d of obtaining specified contour \ b u t n o t degree o f finish -

Weld-all.around symbol indicates that weld extends completely around the j o ~ n r

Convex c o n t o u r symbol indicates face of weld t o be finished t o convex contour by grinding

Arrow of welding symbol

Field weld symbol indicates that weld is to be made at a place other than t h a t o f i n ~ t i aconstruction l

Flaq points away f r o m the arrow ( ~ 5 recornmendarion) 9

Indicates complete j o i n t penetration groove weld regardless o f type of w e l d and joint preparation

i JOINTS

CORNER JOINT

M E L T - T H R U SYMBOL
F ~ r s operation shown on t

Any applicable weld symbol Size (height)

- Omission indicates

reference line nearest arrow Second operation. or supplementary data T h i r d operation. a r test informationP

n o special height desired

4 BASIC JOINTS

LAP JOINT

JOINT W I T H BACKING
NOTES
- Mater~al M ) and (

With groove-weld symbol

See dimens~ons backing of as specified. " R " indicates backing removed after weldina See Clause D1.6

I
I
5
BASIC JOINTS EDGE JOINT

10

C-Chipping G-Grinding M-Machining

R - Rolling
H

- Hammering

JOINT W l T N SPACER GTSM;-

ABBREVIATIONS Gouge To Sound Metal

A r r o w side o f joint A r r o w of welding symbol

W t h m o d i f i e d groove-weld symbol

eEtes Double-bevel symbol

NOTES Material (M) and dimensions of spacer as specified. See Clause D1.6.

CP - Complete Penetration PP - Partial Penetration

W59-M1989 January, 1989

Appendix D - Welding Symbols

BASIC W E L D I N G SYMBOLS W M D TWElR LOCATlON SIGNIFICANCE

S I N G L E - V - G R O O V E WELDING SYMBOL

A
Size (length of leg) Specification. process, or other reference Lengtii Om~ssion indicates that weld extends between abrupt changes i n direction ar as dimensioned

I
Root opening

Omission o f depth preparation and effective throat indicates complete 101ntpenetration is required.

Pitch (distance between centres) of increments Size (length o f leg)

polnts

Eff.y-yy: \
LlllVdl

toward be.pIepared

-1

iength of increments

L 26

i3~)&

Omission of depth o f preparation and effective throat indicates total depth o f preparation - symmetrical i n case of doubleilroovn welds equal t o the thicknessof the member and.hence.complete j o i n t peneyration groove weld is required

19

STAGGERED I N T E R M I T T E N T F I L L E T WELDING SYMBOL

-Pitch
-

WELDING SYMBOL FOR GROOVES W E L D E D FR-OM BOTH SIDES W I T H BACKGOUGING

Only depth of preparation is required in the weldingsymbol

(distance between increments Size (length of leg) incrernen ts GTSM signifies total effect~ve throat ~ s e q u a l the thickness of material. to See Clause 01.2 o f Appendix D.

20

PLUG WELDING SYMBDL

Pitch (distance between cenrres) o f welds Depth o f filling i n m m iom~ss~on indicates f i l l ~ n g complete) is

27

BACK-WELDING SYMBOLS

Any single-groove weld with a pass f r o m the Other side w i t h n o special identification i n the tail is considered a groove weld w i t h a back weld. Second operatior OR First operation

of countersink

(d~arn. f hole o at root)

21

S L O T WELDING SYMBOL

28

BACKING W E L D I N G SYMBOLS

Any single-groove weld w i t h a pass f r o m one side identified i n the tail by "backing weld" is considered t o be a groove weld w i t h a backing weld. Depth of filling in m m (omission indicates fiil~ng com~letel is Second operation Orientation, location. and all dimensions other than depth o f f i l l i n g as shown on the draw in^
S ELD WA C K I N G

0R

First operation

22 F L A R E - V AND F L A R E - B E V E L - G R O O V E WELDING S Y M B O L S

29

STUD WELDING SYMBOL

Effect~ve Throat

Welded Steel Construction (MetalArc WeldingJ January, 1989

r
DoubkfllM Wmldlng Sybd

TLplcrl Welding Symbolr -. - .

C b l n Int.mdttrnlA I M Wmldlng Symbol

StaggwwI Itwmilbnt FllM W W n g Symbol

Prtch (diatma

PiWl (dlatance between wntem) of imrementdl

CmlWon of length lrdlcater Ihat

ws(d amnds between abfuptchsnpcl

In dlmtkm w

aa d l m s M i d

Plug Wldlng Symbol Includedangk of

Slu, ldhmter

Ske ( I s m Dl 1 ~ ) imlsrnenb Rack Wmldlng Symbol

Slze ( [ e r n of IW) B.cldna Wmldlno Bvmbol

--,

( I

Depth of Rllln In Inches fnlng . -eta) i

~ p o WWng symbol r

stud wotjlng symbol

k r n wmld~ng y m w ~

Slu or

Increment

Slze

Number d studs

pmss

SqwM~oow Wmldlng Symbol

Squaw-V-QmowW i n g Symbol Depth 01bevel

Doub~EovmMrww WMlng Symbol Weld size

Weld &e

WeM slze

G m e angle

Symbol wtth B.cWunlna

Depm of

Fkn-V-Qmw Woldlna Symboi

AmM points toward member to be ~rspered

Fkw-Bevrl-Qroow Wmldlnq Symbol

Muklpb Rofanna Unn

1st opsrabon on llne

Compkt. hmtratlon

Ed* WMlng Symbol

nearest arrow 2nd operaeon

Icdkxtes mmplete ]ant penetrahon ragerdless of hlpe 01 weM or pint pmparallon Weld
82 18

3rd operatm

f
Jolnt wfth B.oldng

Fluhor Upad Weldtng Symbol

awt-T~N Symbol

Process reference

Root rmnforcement

'R' ~ndmtes n g W removed after wMng

Convex Cantour Symbol

*
Jolnt rvlth Spscsr With modified groove weld symbol Double bwel gmove

~ r u contour Symbol h

'H should be understood that these charts are intended only as shop aids. The only complete and official presentation of the standard welding symbols is in A2.4.

FIGURE 19-51

Typical welding symbols including use of supplementary symbols.