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Unsteady Flow

Unsteady flow is flow where flow characteristics like depth and velocity change over time. There are two main types of unsteady flow: 1) where water level or velocity in a reservoir is gradually rising or falling, and 2) where velocity in a pipe changes rapidly due to valve opening or closing. Discharge varies continuously but slowly in the first type, and rapidly in the second type. For unsteady flow, the inflow rate (Q1) is not equal to the outflow rate (Q2). The change in volume during a small time interval can be expressed as: (Q1-Q2)dt = A*dh/dt, where A is the cross-sectional area, h is the

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136 views19 pages

Unsteady Flow

Unsteady flow is flow where flow characteristics like depth and velocity change over time. There are two main types of unsteady flow: 1) where water level or velocity in a reservoir is gradually rising or falling, and 2) where velocity in a pipe changes rapidly due to valve opening or closing. Discharge varies continuously but slowly in the first type, and rapidly in the second type. For unsteady flow, the inflow rate (Q1) is not equal to the outflow rate (Q2). The change in volume during a small time interval can be expressed as: (Q1-Q2)dt = A*dh/dt, where A is the cross-sectional area, h is the

Uploaded by

Sajid Nazir
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNSTEADY FLOW

The flow in which flow characteristics (depth, velocity) at one section does not remain same over a period of time i,e dv/dt, dy/dt does not equal to zero. There are two main types of unsteady flow

 Where

the water level (or velocity) in reservoir is gradually rising or falling. So that the flow rate varies continuously but slowly.  Where the velocity in a pipe line is changed rapidly or instantaneously by the fast closing or opening of a valve.

DISCHARGE WITH VARYING HEAD


Consider the fig. the rate of discharge will continuously vary. Let us consider the situation depicted in fig. where Q1 = inflow rate to the reservoir Q2= out flow fro the reservoir or flow through pipe

 For

steady flow Q1=Q2 but for unsteady flow Q1=/=Q2

The change in vol. during small time interval dt can be expressed as; Q1dt-Q2dt=A.dh dt-

(Q1-Q2)dt=A.dh dt = A.dh/(Q1-Q2 ) t= Where t = time required for the head to change from h1 to h2.

PROBLEM
The open wedge shaped tank in the fig. has a length of 4.5m perpendicular to the sketch. It is drained with a 7.5 cm dia. Pipe of length 3m whose discharge end is at elevation zero. The coefficient of loss is .20 and f for pipe is .018. find the time required to lower the water level from 2.4m to 1.5m ?

Apply energy eqn.b/w section 1 and 2.

z1= +p1/r+v2/2g z2 +p2/r+v2/2g+hL h+0+0 = 0+0+v2/2g + hL h hL = v2/2g h [kev2/2g + kbv2/2g + flv2/2gd ] = v2/2g h [ke + kb + fl/d ] v2/2g = v2/2g h [ 0.50 + 0.2 + .018*3/.075 ] * v2/2g =v2/2g

v = 2.847h 847h Q2 = a.v = /4(.075)2 * 2.847h (.075) 847h 1.258*10-2 h 258*10Area of water surface; A = 4.5bh = 4.5 k h At the top of tank; A = 4.5*1.8 =8.1 m2 So 4.5*3k = 8.1 K = .60 .60 Thus A = 4.5*.6*h = 2.7 h *.6

Now , t= A.dh/ (Q1-Q2) (Q1t= 269 sec

FLOW FRO ONE VASSEL TO THE OTHER

PROBLEM
A tank 3m long and 1.5m wide is divided into two parts by partition so that the area of one is three times the area of other. The partition contains a square orifice 7.5cm size through which water may flow from one part to another. If the water level in the smallest division is 3m above that of the larger. Find the time to reduce diff. of water level from 0.6m. Take Cd=0.62

Solution

As Cd = 0.62 A = 3*1.5 = 4.5 m2 A1 = A2 A1 + A2 = A 3A2 +A2 = A 7A2 = 4.5 A2 = 1.125 m2 A1 = 3.375 m2 a = .075*.075 5.625*10-2 m2

h1 = 3m ,

h2 = 0.6m

t= 2A1. (h1 -h2 ) / Cd.a.2g(1+A1/A2) (h t= 104.60sec

THE END

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