(%i154) kill(all)$

1.1

CRE

(%i1)

exp:-k^2*l^2*m^2*n^2-k^2*l^2*n^2+k^2*m^2*n^2+k^2*n^2;
eq1:l^2+k^2 = 1;
eq2:n^2-m^2 = 1;
scsimp(exp,eq1,eq2);

(%o1)

k 2 l2 m2 n2 + k 2 m2 n2 k 2 l2 n2 + k 2 n2

(%o2)

l2 + k 2 = 1

(%o3)

n2 m2 = 1

(%o4)

k 4 n4

(%i5)

exq:(-k2*k3-k1*k2+k1*k4)/k3^2;
eq3:k1*k4-k2*k3 = 0;
eq4:k3*k4+k1*k2 = 0;
scsimp(exq,eq3,eq4);

(%o5)
(%o6)

k1 k4 k2 k3 k1 k2
k32
k1 k4 k2 k3 = 0

(%o7)

k3 k4 + k1 k2 = 0
k4
(%o8)
k3
[] ratsimp (e) . . . .

[] ratsimp (e, x_1, ..., x_n) e x1 , , xn

(%i9)

sin (x/(x^2 + x)) = exp ((log(x) + 1)^2 - log(x)^2);

ratsimp (%);

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)
2
2
x
(%o9) sin
= e( log (x)+1) log (x)
2
x +x
(
)
1
(%o10) sin
= e x2
x+1
(%i11) ((x - 1)^(3/2) - (x + 1)*sqrt(x - 1))/sqrt((x - 1)*(x + 1));
ratsimp (%);
(%o11)
(%o12)

3
(x 1) 2 x 1 (x + 1)

(x 1) (x + 1)

2 x1

x2 1

(%i13) ratsimp (%);

2 x1
(%o13)
x2 1
(%i14) x^(a + 1/a), ratsimpexpons: true;
(%o14)

a2 +1
a

[] fullratsimp (e[, x_1, ..., x_n]) e (ratsimp)

(%i15) expr: (x^(a/2) + 1)^2*(x^(a/2) - 1)^2/(x^a - 1);

(
(%o15)

)2 ( a
)2
a
x2 1 x2 + 1
xa 1

(%i16) ratsimp (expr);

(%o16)

x2 a 2 xa + 1
xa 1

(%i17) fullratsimp (expr);

(%o17)

1.2

xa 1

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[] trigsimp(e) . . e , cos2 + sin2 = 1
cosh2 sinh2 = 1
(%i18) tan(x)*sec(x)^2+((1-sin(x)^2)*cos(x))/cos(x)^2;
trigsimp(%);
(%o18)

1 sin (x)2
sec (x) tan (x) +
cos (x)

(%o19)

sin (x) + cos (x)4

cos (x)3

(%i20) trigsimp(sec(x)^2/(1-tan(x)*sec(x))+tan(x)^2);
(%o20)

sin (x)4 + sin (x)3 1

cos (x)2 sin (x) cos (x)4

(%i21) trigsimp((3+cos(x)^4+8*sin(x)+4*(cos(x)^2-sin(x)^2)6*cos(x)^2*sin(x)^2+sin(x)^4)/(8*cos(x)^3));
(%o21)

sin (x) + cos (x)4

cos (x)3

(%i22) ('diff(v,x,2))*cos(x)+('diff(v,x,1))*cos(x)*sec(x)
+(-2*('diff(v,x,1))-v*sec(x)^2)*sin(x)+v*cos(x)*sec(x)^2*tan(x);
trigsimp(%);
(
(
))
(
)
d
d
2
2
(%o22) v cos (x) sec (x) tan (x)+ v sec (x) 2
v
sin (x)+
v cos (x) sec (x)+
dx
dx
( 2 )
d
v cos (x)
d x2
)
( 2 )
(
d
d
d
v sin (x) +
v cos (x) +
v
(%o23) 2
2
dx
dx
dx
[] trigreduce (expr[,x])
(%i24) trigreduce(-sin(x)^2+3*cos(x)^2+x);
expand(%);
(
)
cos (2 x)
cos (2 x) 1
1
(%o24)
+3
+
+x
2
2
2
2
(%o25)

2 cos (2 x) + x + 1

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[] trigrat (e) e (canonical simplifyed quasilinear
form)
(%i26) trigrat(sin(3*a)/sin(a+%pi/3));

(%o26)
3 sin (2 a) + cos (2 a) 1
trigrat declare , ,
(%i27) declare(j,integer,e,even,o,odd)$
sin((1/2+e)*%pi+x);
trigrat(%);
))
(
(
1
(%o28) sin x + e +
2
(%o29)

cos (x)

(%i30) sin((1/2+o)*%pi+x);
trigrat(%);
(
(
))
1
(%o30) sin x + o +
2
(%o31)

1.3

cos (x)

[] radcan (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(radicals)

(%i32) radcan((log(x+x^2)-log(x))^a/log(1+x)^(a/2));
(%o32)

log (x + 1) 2

(%i33) radcan((log(1+2*a^x+a^(2*x))/log(1+a^x)));
(%o33)

(%i34) radcan((%e^x-1)/(1+%e^(x/2)));
(%o34)

e2 1

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[] logcontract (e) . . . . . . . .
log(ratsimp(ba11 ba22 )) + c

a1 log(b1 ) + a2 log(b2 ) + c

(%i35) 2*(a*log(x) + 2*a*log(y))$

logcontract(%);
(
)
(%o36) a log x2 y 4
[] logcontract (e) . . . . . . . .
log(ratsimp(ba11 ba22 )) + c

1.4

a1 log(b1 ) + a2 log(b2 ) + c

[] factcomb (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(%i37) radcan((N+1)^5*N!^5);
factcomb(%);
( 5
)
(%o37)
N + 5 N 4 + 10 N 3 + 10 N 2 + 5 N + 1 N !5
(%o38)

(N + 1)!5

[] minfactorial (e)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(%i39) minfactorial(n!/(n+2)!);
(%o39)

1
(n + 1) (n + 2)

[] factcomb (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[] factcomb (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.5

[] xthru(e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(%i40) ((x+2)^20 - 2*y)/(x+y)^20 + (x+y)^(-19) - x/(x+y)^20;

xthru (%);
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(%o40)

1
(x + 2)20 2 y
x

19 +
20
(y + x)
(y + x)
(y + x)20

(%o41)

(x + 2)20 y
(y + x)20

[] combine(e)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(%i42) combine(%th(2));
(%o42)

1
2 y + (x + 2)20 x
+
(y + x)19
(y + x)20

[] rncombine(e)

. . . . . . . . . .

(%i43) y='sum(a[n]*x^n,n,0,6);
fro:ev(%,sum);
(%o43)

y=

an xn

n=0

(%o44)

y = a6 x6 + a5 x5 + a4 x4 + a3 x3 + a2 x2 + a1 x + a0

(%i45) load(rncomb)$
E:((x+2)^20 - 2*y)/(2*(x+y)^20) + (x+y)^(-19) - x/(x+y)^20$
combine(E);
(%o47)

1
(x + 2)20 2 y
x
+

19
20
(y + x)
2 (y + x)
(y + x)20

(%i48) rncombine(E);
(%o48)

1
+
(y + x)19

(x+2)20 2 y
2

x
20

(y + x)

(%i49) depends(y,x)$
eq:diff(y,x,2)+diff(y,x)-2*x*y;
(%o50)

d2
d
y+
y 2xy
2
dx
dx

(%i51) pseries:y='sum(a[n]*x^n,n,0,inf);
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(%o51)

y=

an xn

n=0

(%i52) ev(eq,pseries,diff);
) (
)
(

n
n1
+
(%o52) 2 x
an x +
n an x
(n 1) n an xn2
n=0

n=0

n=0

(%i53) subst(1,n,part(%,2,1))+substpart(2,%,2,3);
(
) (
) (
)

(%o53) 2 x
an xn +
n an xn1 +
(n 1) n an xn2 + a1
n=0

n=2

n=0

(%i54) subst(2,n,part(%,3,1))+substpart(3,%,3,3);
(
) (
) (
)

(%o54) 2 x
an xn +
n an xn1 +
(n 1) n an xn2 + 2 a2 + a1
n=0

n=2

n=3

(%i55) part(%,[1,4,5])+changevar(part(%,2),n=2+m,m,n)
+changevar(part(%,3),n=3+m,m,n);
(
) (
) (
)

)
(%o55) 2 x
an xn +
m2 + 5 m + 6 am+3 xm+1 +
(m + 2) am+2 xm+1 +
n=0

m=0

m=0

2 a2 + a1
(%i56) sol:sumcontract(intosum(%));
(
)
(
)
n2 + 5 n + 6 an+3 xn+1 + (n + 2) an+2 xn+1 2 an xn+1 + 2 a2 + a1
(%o56)
n=0

(%i57) a2:solve(part(sol,[2,3]),a[2]);
(%o57)

[a2 =

a1
]
2

(%i58) solve(part(sol,1,1),a[n+3])[1];
(%o58)

an+3 =

(n + 2) an+2 2 an
n2 + 5 n + 6

(%i59) [ev(%,n=3),ev(%,n=2),ev(%,n=1),ev(%,n=0),first(a2)];

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(%o59)
a1
]
2

[a6 =

5 a5 2 a3
4 a4 2 a2
3 a3 2 a1
2 a2 2 a0
, a5 =
, a4 =
, a3 =
, a2 =
30
20
12
6

(%i60) trunc(ev(fro,%,expand));
(%o60)

y = a0 + a1 x

17 a1 x6
+ ...
720

a1 x2 a0 x3 a1 x3 a0 x4 a1 x4 a0 x5 3 a1 x5 7 a0 x6
+
+

+
+

+
+
2
3
6
12
8
60
40
360

[] expand (e[, p, n]) , p, n

[] maxposex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[] maxnegex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(%i61) expr:(x+1)^2*(y+1)^3;
expand(expr);
(%o61)

(x + 1)2 (y + 1)3

(%o62)

x2 y 3 + 2 x y 3 + y 3 + 3 x2 y 2 + 6 x y 2 + 3 y 2 + 3 x2 y + 6 x y + 3 y + x2 + 2 x + 1

(%i63) expand(expr,2);
(%o63)

x2 (y + 1)3 + 2 x (y + 1)3 + (y + 1)3

(%i64) expr:(x+1)^-2*(y+1)^3;

expand(expr);
(%o64)

(y + 1)3
(x + 1)2

(%o65)

3 y2
3y
1
y3
+
+ 2
+ 2
2
2
x + 2x + 1 x + 2x + 1 x + 2x + 1 x + 2x + 1

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(%i66) expand(expr,2,2);
(y + 1)3
x2 + 2 x + 1
[] expandwrt (e, x_1, ..., x_n) . . . . . . .
(%o66)

e x1 , ,n

[] expandwrt_denom[false] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[] expandwrt_nonrat[true]

. .

()

(%i67) expr:(x+1)^2*(y+1)^3$
(%i68) expandwrt(expr,x,y);
(%o68)

x2 y 3 + 2 x y 3 + y 3 + 3 x2 y 2 + 6 x y 2 + 3 y 2 + 3 x2 y + 6 x y + 3 y + x2 + 2 x + 1

(%i69) expandwrt(expr,x);
(%o69)

x2 (y + 1)3 + 2 x (y + 1)3 + (y + 1)3

(%i70) expandwrt(expr,y);
(%o70)

(x + 1)2 y 3 + 3 (x + 1)2 y 2 + 3 (x + 1)2 y + (x + 1)2

[] expandwrt_factored (e, x_1, ..., x_n) expandwrt , x1 , ,n

(%i71) expandwrt_factored(expr,x,y);
(%o71)

x2 y 3 + 2 x y 3 + y 3 + 3 x2 y 2 + 6 x y 2 + 3 y 2 + 3 x2 y + 6 x y + 3 y + x2 + 2 x + 1

(%i72) expandwrt_factored(expr,x);
( 2
)
x + 2 x + 1 (y + 1)3
(%o72)
(%i73) expandwrt_factored(expr,y);
(
)
(%o73) (x + 1)2 y 3 + 3 y 2 + 3 y + 1

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2.1

CRE

[] ratexpand (e) . . . . . . . . ,
(%i74) ratexpand ((2*x - 3*y)^3);
(%o74)

27 y 3 + 54 x y 2 36 x2 y + 8 x3

(%i75) expr: (x - 1)/(x + 1)^2 + 1/(x - 1);

expand (expr);
(%o75)
(%o76)

1
x1
2 +
x1
(x + 1)
x
1
1
2
+
2
x + 2x + 1 x + 2x + 1 x 1

(%i77) ratexpand (expr);

(%o77)

2.2

2 x2
2
+
x3 + x2 x 1 x3 + x2 x 1

[] multthru (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,
[] distrib (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,
[] expand (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . ,
(%i78) expr:(A+B)*(C+D)/((a+b) * (c+d))$
(%i79) multthru (expr);
(%o79)

(B + A) D
(B + A) C
+
(b + a) (d + c) (b + a) (d + c)

(%i80) distrib (expr);

(%o80)

BD
AD
BC
AC
+
+
+
(b + a) (d + c) (b + a) (d + c) (b + a) (d + c) (b + a) (d + c)

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(%i81) expand (expr);

(%o81)

2.3

AD
BC
AC
BD
+
+
+
bd + ad + bc + ac bd + ad + bc + ac bd + ad + bc + ac bd + ad + bc + ac

[] partfrac(e,x) . . . . . . . . . . . .

e x

(%i82) 1/(1+x)^2 - 2/(1+x) + 2/(2+x);

ratsimp (%);

partfrac (%, x);

(%o82)
(%o83)
(%o84)

2.4

2
2
1

+
x + 2 x + 1 (x + 1)2
x
3
2
x + 4x + 5x + 2
2
2
1

+
x + 2 x + 1 (x + 1)2

[] trigexpand(e)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[] trigexpandplus[true]

. . . . . . . . true ,

[] trigexpandtimes[true]

. . . . . . . . true ,

[] halfangles[true]

. . . . . . . . . . true ,

(%i85) x+sin(3*x)/sin(x),trigexpand=true,expand;
(%o85)

sin (x)2 + 3 cos (x)2 + x

(%i86) trigexpand(sin(10*x+y)) ;
(%o86)

cos (10 x) sin (y) + sin (10 x) cos (y)

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(%i87) trigexpand(sin(10*x+y)) ,trigexpandplus=false;

(%o87)

sin (y + 10 x)

(%i88) trigexpand(sin(10*x+y)),trigexpand=true ;
(
(%o88)
sin (x)10 + 45 cos (x)2 sin (x)8 210 cos (x)4 sin (x)6 + 210 cos (x)6 sin (x)4 45 cos (x)
(
10 cos (x) sin (x)9 120 cos (x)3 sin (x)7 + 252 cos (x)5 sin (x)5 120 cos (x)7 sin (x)3 + 10 cos (x)9
(%i89) trigexpand(sin(10*x+y)),trigexpand=true ,trigexpandtimes=false;
(%o89)

cos (10 x) sin (y) + sin (10 x) cos (y)

(%i90) trigexpand(sin(1/2*x)),halfangles=true;
(%o90)

2.5

x
(1) floor ( 2 ) 1 cos (x)

[] facsum(e,arg_1, ...,arg_n) e arg1 , c , argn

(%i91) facsum( (2*(x+y))^2+y*3+z^3*x*y,x);
(
)
(%o91) x y (z + 2) z 2 2 z + 4 + y (4 y + 3) + 4 x2
(%i92) facsum( (2*(x+y))^2+y*3+z^3*x*y,y);
(
)
(%o92) y x z 3 + 8 x + 3 + 4 y 2 + 4 x2
(%i100) trigexpand(sin(2*x+y)),trigexpand=true;
facsum(%,cos(y),sin(y));
(
)
(%o100)
cos (x)2 sin (x)2 sin (y) + 2 cos (x) sin (x) cos (y)
(%o101)

2 cos (x) sin (x) cos (y) ( sin (x) cos (x)) ( sin (x) + cos (x)) sin (y)

[] factorfacsum(e,arg_1, ...,arg_n)
...,arg_n)
Maxima

. e facsum(e,arg_1,

12

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(%i118) trigexpand(sin(2*x+y)*cos(2*y)),trigexpand=true;
factorfacsum(%,cos(y),sin(y));
((
)
)(
)
(%o118)
cos (x)2 sin (x)2 sin (y) + 2 cos (x) sin (x) cos (y) cos (y)2 sin (y)2
(%o119)

( sin (y) cos (y)) ( sin (y) + cos (y)) (( sin (x) cos (x)) ( sin (x) + cos (x)) sin (y) 2 c

[?]

collectterms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . facsum ,

(%i95) facsum( (2*log(x+y))^2+y*3+z^3*x*y+log(x+y),x);

(%o95)

x y z 3 + 4 log (y + x)2 + log (y + x) + 3 y

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13

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