ECE 4445 Audio Engineering Formula Sheet dF jF dt Z F j 1 S = Area V = Volume f2 = 21/q f1

c=

F dt

= 2f

j=

P0 = 345 m/ s = 1131 ft s1 0
n/q

= 1.4 P0 = 1.013 105 Pa 0 = 1.18 kg m3 SP L = 20 log

fn = 1000 2

p fc = f fu " X
i

p (t) = P (t) P0
SP Li /10

SP Ltotal = 10 log 1 = 16 X
i

10

prms pref

dB

dB

S=2

Ptotal = 10 log Z
f2

Stotal

10

Pi /10

!log 2 c

X
i

pref = 2 105 Pa 10
Pi /10

S (f ) = uz (z) =

V02 2 V/ Hz Vrms = V02 f p (z) 0 c Zs =

f1

df = V02 ln f

f2 f1

p (z) = p0 ejkz Iave =

k=

p (z) = 0 c = 407 mks rayls uz (z)

p2 c 2c 2 u p ejkr rms = u2 0 c PAR = I S = = = = = p (r) = K rms 0 c f k j j0 c r dx 1 p (r) 1 ejkr 0 c dV ur (r) = + jk K Zs = = U= = SD = SD u j0 r r ur (r) 1 + c/jr dt dt

ejkr 2 0 or 2 0 j0 U ejk(rr1 ) 2 = p (r) ' j0 U PAR = Urms RAR RAR = 1 + jr1 /c 4r 4r 4c 2c jkr 2J1 (ka sin ) e ejkr c 8a2 2D2 p (r, ) = j0 U p (r, 0) = j0 U r = RA = 0 ka sin 2r 2r S r r ef f S S or or MA = 0 ef f = + f + uf = + 2 f = + 2 uf f = 0.8488 uf = 0.6132 S V 1 1 p = p1 p2 = U ZA ZA = RA ZA = jMA ZA = f0 = CA = S 2 CM = 0 c2 jCA 2 MA CA u1 u2 x u = jx f = jMM u f = RM (u1 u2 ) f = e = B u f = B i f = q jCM CM p (r) = e = x + q CE e= i uE + CE0 s x0 s f = x iE qQ u = x0 CE0 CM x0 s CM s RMS 2 SD CAE =
2 CAS = SD CMS 2 SD LE ()

Hprox (s) = 1 + RAE = (B )2 2 SD RE

c sr MA1 = 80 3 2 a

f = S (pF pB ) = Sp U = Su MAD = MAS = MAD + 2MA1 =

MMD 2 SD

RAS =

MMD 8 + 2 20 2 SD 3 a

(B )2

0 RAE =

(B ) 2 0 SD RE ()

UD =

SD eg RAE SD eg RAE RAT CAS s (1/QT S ) (s/ S ) = B RAT MAS CAS s2 + RAT CAS s + 1 B RAT (s/ S )2 + (1/QT S ) (s/ S ) + 1
2

RAT = RAE + RAS = QT S = p=

(B ) RMS 2 R + S2 SD E D QMS

QMS QES QMS + QES

1 1 2 S = 2fS = = VAS = 0 c2 SD CMS = 0 c2 CAS MAS CAS MMS CMS r r r r 1 1 1 RE MAS MM S MAS MMS = = QES = = RAS CAS RMS CMS RAE CAS (B )2 CMS G (s) = (s/ S )2 (s/ S ) + (1/QT S ) (s/ S ) + 1 1
2

B eg 0 G (s) Tu1 (s) sUD = 0 2 2 SD RE MAS

Tu1 (s) =

1 1 + s/ u1

0 fu1

MAS RE MAS MMS RE Rg = = Q0 = 1 + QES ES MAD RAE CAE MAD LE MMD LE RE ! i1/2 h p 1 0 Rg (RE + Rg ) MAS u1 = = 1+ X= 1 fu1 f = fS,C X + X 2 + 1 = 2 2LE MAD RE 2Q2 S,T C T u1 = 2fu1 = ZV C (s) = RE + Ze (j) + RES (1/QMS ) (s/ S )
2

(s/ S ) + (1/QM S ) (s/ S ) + 1 QMS 1 |Ze | Im (Ze ) n Ze (j) = (j) Le n = RES = RE arctan Le = n QES 90 Re (Ze ) 1V 1V 1/2 psens psens RE VAS B SD 20 3/2 p1V = 0 = SP L1V = 20 log SP L1W = 20 log fS sens sens sens 2 RE MMS c RE QES pref pref 1/2 PAR 4 2 f 3 VAS VAS 1 = 3 S xD = eg 0 = 2 PE c QES 0 c2 SD RE S QES (s/ S )2 + (1/QT S ) (s/ S ) + 1 VAB B CAS CAB MAB = CAB = MAC = MAD + MAB + MA1 RAC = RAS + RAB CAT = = 0 c2 a 1+ 1+ r CAS VAS VAS 1 VAB MAS M =M = = VAT = = QT C AC= AS CAB VAB 1+ 1+ RAT C CAT 1 QMC QEC MAC =MAS RAT C = RAE + RAC C = 2fC = = 1 + S QT C = QMC + QEC MAS CAT r r MAS MAS 1 RAS 1 MAC =MAS MAC =MAS QMC = = 1 + QMS QEC = = 1 + QES RAC CAT RAS + RAB RAE CAT p= B eg 0 GC (s) 2 SD RE MAC GC (s) = (s/ C )2 (s/ C ) + (1/QT C ) (s/ C ) + 1
2

Tu1 (s) =

1 1 + s/ u1
4

u1 =

RE MAC LE MAD

1 B = 2fB = MAP CAB

0 (s/ 0 ) B eg GV (s) GV (s) = 4 3 2 SD RE MAS (s/ 0 ) + a3 (s/ 0 ) + a2 (s/ 0 )2 + a1 (s/ 0 ) + 1 r 2 (f /f0 )8 c SP SP 2 |GV (j2f )| = 1.463 LP = 8 6 4 2 2fB VAB (f /f0 ) + A3 (f /f0 ) + A2 (f /f0 ) + A1 (f /f0 ) + 1 fB f REw 1 REm 1 h= q= Lw = Cm = Lm = Ct = fS fS 2fw 2fm1 REm 2fm2 2ft REt REw Qw REm Qm1 Lw = Cw = Lm1 = Cm1 = 2fw Qw 2fw REw 2fm1 Qm1 2fm1 REm 1 3RE RE 2 C1 = C2 = 3C1 L = L2 = L1 = 3L2 C = 3fc RE 8fc 4fc 3fc RE Rin RE R2 = R1 = Rin R2 kRE (RE /kpad ) Rin Le Le R1 = RE C1 = C2 = C1 (1n) h i h i (1n) (2+n) 2(1+n) (2+n) n 2(1+n) (1n) 2 (1n) 2 n (2) RE f1 f2 (2) RE f1 f2 1 RE QEC 1 QEC R2 = R3 = RE 1 + C3 = L1 = 1 n QMC 2fC 2fC RE QEC (1+n) (1+n) 2f1 f2 C2 p=
2 Vo(rms) VP V 2 vO A 1 = PL(ave) = PL(peak) = P = ' 2RL RL RL vI 1 + bA b A1 A2 A2 Ro RL m = 180 + ( x ) x = bA 1 vI + vN Rout = DF = vO = 1 + bA 1 + bA 1 + bA Rout 1 2 2 A0 = 0 = 0 = bA 1 1 2 b 1 bA 2

PL(ave) =