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Conjuntions Modals and How Much

The document discusses different types of conjunctions, modals, and how to use "how much" in English. It defines coordinating and subordinating conjunctions and provides examples of each. It also lists and explains the meanings and uses of the 10 main English modal verbs: can, could, may, might, will, shall, should, ought to, must, and would. Finally, it distinguishes between using "how much" to ask about uncountable quantities versus using "how many" to ask about countable quantities.

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Jesus D Vicent R
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
23 views

Conjuntions Modals and How Much

The document discusses different types of conjunctions, modals, and how to use "how much" in English. It defines coordinating and subordinating conjunctions and provides examples of each. It also lists and explains the meanings and uses of the 10 main English modal verbs: can, could, may, might, will, shall, should, ought to, must, and would. Finally, it distinguishes between using "how much" to ask about uncountable quantities versus using "how many" to ask about countable quantities.

Uploaded by

Jesus D Vicent R
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REPBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO POLITCNICO SANTIAGO MARIO EXTENSIN MARACAY

CONJUNTIONS, MODALS AND HOW MUCH

JESS VICENT V-13.454.479 SECCIN IL

MARACAY, JULIO DE 2.011

CONJUNTIONS

Las conjunciones son empleadas para enlazar entre s las palabras y/o oraciones. Hay dos tipos de conjunciones y la posicin que tiene dentro de una oracin depende del tipo. Existen dos tipos de conjunciones: COORDINATIVAS y SUBORDINATIVAS, entendiendo por coordinativas aqullas que unen palabras u oraciones de la misma categora y subordinativas, las que unen una oracin principal y una subordinada.

COORDINATIVAS: Este tipo de conjuncin se utiliza cuando queremos enlazar dos frases que tienen el mismo valor. and, (y). Ex: She works at a bakery and goes to university. but, (pero). Ex: I like listening to music, but not dance. yet, (sin embargo). Ex: He was the favorite to win, yet lost. only, (slo que). Ex: would have kissed her, only I'm shy. while, (mientras). Ex: I clean the room while you wash the bathroom. as well as, (as como tambin) Ex: I like football as well as baseball. so, (as que). Ex: You're grounded, so you will not see TV. for, (pues) Ex: You're not going to the stadium for you're grounded. (either... or...), (o... o...) Ex: Or work or you're fired. neither... nor...,(ni... ni...) Ex: Nor study nor other study leave. however, (no obstante) Ex: I studied for the exam, however I was wrong. therefore, (por lo tanto) Ex: He came first, therefore won the race. nevertheless, (sin embargo) Ex: He came first, nevertheless cheated.

SUBORDINATIVAS O SUBORDINANTES: Se utiliza este tipo de conjuncin cuando una de las frases depende de la otra (frase subordinada). La frase subordinada no tiene sentido sin la otra. La mayoria de conjunciones son subordinantes.

because of, (debido a) Ex: She came to the party wet because of rain. since, (ya que, puesto que) Ex: He did not come to school since he was sick. so that, (a fin de que) Ex: We will talk with the teacher so that we repeat the test. if, (si) Ex: She will go to the party if accompanying you. unless, (a menos que) Ex: I will not go to the party, unless you come with me. although, though, (aunque) Ex: We will go to the party, though it's raining. while, (en tanto que) Ex: I'm waiting for the bus, while reading a book. until, (hasta que) Ex: I'll keep practicing until it's dark. as if, as though, (como si) Ex: He is acting as if your father. when, (cuando) Ex: I will do when I want to do. in order that, (para, a fin de que) Ex: Practice in order that win the race. in case (en caso de que, por si) Ex: Take this sandwich in case you hunger. once (una vez que) Ex: I go to my home once the class is over. as long as (siempre que, con tal de que) Ex: I go with you to the party, as long as you are happy. as soon as (en cuanto, tan pronto) Ex: I'll give you a kiss as soon as be my girlfriend. after (despus de) Ex: we will travel after getting married. before (antes de) Ex: I visit my mother before leaving for Malaysia. even if (aunque) Ex: He was driving the car, even if had no driver's license.

MODALS
Los verbos modals son una categora de verbos auxiliares. Los Verbos modales tambin se llaman modales auxiliares o simplemente modales. Hay diez verbos modales ingleses, estos no pueden

funcionar como un verbo principal, a diferencia de los verbos auxiliares "be", "do" y "have" que s pueden funcionar como un verbo principal. Los verbos modales expresan modalidad. Pueden expresar habilidad, posibilidad, necesidad u otra condicin. Como verbos complementarios que son, los verbos modales no funcionan sin otro verbo. Este otro verbo siempre va despus del verbo modal y est en la forma de base (el infinitivo sin "to"). No se conjugan los verbos modales y no tienen tiempo. Los verbos modales son:

Can Could May Might Will Shall Should Ought To Must Would

CAN "Can" indica habilidad o posibilidad. En estos casos puede ser traducido como "poder" en espaol. Ejemplos: I Can do the job. We can clean the whole house. They cant help in the task. En frases interrogativas, el uso de "can" puede solicitar permiso o preguntar sobre posibilidades. Ejemplos: Can you help me? Can they paint the house?

COULD "Could" indica posibilidad o habilidad en el pasado. Ejemplos: I could run when I was young. I could not get home early last night.

Tambin se puede usar "could" para posibilidades en el futuro: You could win the tournament if you practiced.

Como "can", en frases interrogativas "could" puede solicitar permiso o preguntar sobre las posibilidades, pero es ms formal. Ejemplos: Could you help me? Could open the door please?

MAY Como "could", se usa "may" para indicar posibilidades en el futuro. Ejemplo: I would take food for the way, may give me hungry.

Tambin se puede utilizar para dar permisos o instrucciones. Ejemplo: You may go right now.

Tanto en oraciones como en preguntas, el uso de "may" es ms formal que "can": Sir, may you please tell me the time?

MIGHT Se usa "might" para indicar posibilidades en el presente o el futuro. En estos casos, es un sinnimo de "may". Ejemplo: I would take food, might give me hungry. May be better to wait, it might be desirable.

WILL Adems de ser usado para el tiempo futuro, tambin el uso de "will" significa voluntad o determinacin. Ejemplos: I will help you.
We will learn the lessons.

Se utiliza "will" en frases interrogativas para pedir por informacin, un favor o sobre opciones. Ejemplos: Will they end up painting your house today?. Will you help me wash the car?. Will you on vacation to Merida or Margarita?.

SHALL Se usa "shall" como "will" para formar el tiempo futuro. El uso de "shall" es en general es ms educado. Ejemplos: Jose shall be happy to receive you at home. I'll arrive early to school. Nota: Las formas cortas de "will" y "shall" son lo mismo. Entonces "I'll" en el ejemplo anterior puede significar "I will" o "I shall".

Tambin se puede utilizar "shall" para ofertas y sugerencias o para preguntar sobre opciones o preferencias. Ejemplos: Shall we go to the movies or a stadium?. Shall we eat?.

SHOULD "Should" indica una obligacin o recomendacin. Refleja una opinin sobre lo que es correcto. Se traduce como el subjuntivo de "deber" en espaol. Ejemplos: You should study more. I should exercise more often. Se utiliza "should" en frases interrogativas para preguntar si existe una obligacin o para pedir una recomendacin. Ejemplos: Should we leave a tip?
Should I study or work?

MUST "Must" indica una obligacin, prohibicin o necesidad. Tambin puede emplearse "to have to" (tener que). Ejemplos: You must not drink and drive. You must study more. Tambin se puede usar "must" para indicar probabilidad o asumir algo. Ejemplos: Vicent is not here. He must be sick because he never misses class. Must not be easy to learn a new language. Es posible tambin usar "must" para preguntas retricas. Ejemplo: Must you always be late?

WOULD Se usa "would" para declarar una preferencia y para preguntar por algo educadamente. Ejemplos: I would like to go to New York someday. Would you like some coffee? Would you help me please? Se usa "would" en frases condicionales que expresen una posibilidad irreal en el presente, como un deseo o un sueo, o para una accin en el futuro no tan probable: If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.

HOW MUCH
Usamos how much si preguntamos por la cantidad de algo que es incontable (un sustantivo incontable es uno que no se puede contar). Ejemplos: How much petrol do we need? We need half a tank

How much milk is there in chocolate? There are only three spoons

Se diferencia de How many en que esta expresin se utiliza siempre y cuando se pregunta por una cantidad que puede ser representada con un nmero. Ej: How many oranges are there? There are five oranges.

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