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Answers to
Selected Problems
CHAPTER 1
1.1 I = 2 A
1.7 W = 1440 J
1.11 (a) 5 V, + top
(b) 5 V, + bottom

1.24 (a) P1 = 16 W absorbed

P2 = 8 W absorbed
P12 V = 24 W supplied
(b) P1 = 40 W absorbed

(c) 5 V, + bottom

P2 = 24 W absorbed

(d) 5 V, + top

P3 = 16 W supplied

1.14 (a) I = -2 A
(b) V1 = -12 V

P24 V = 48 W supplied
1.28 P1 = 48 W absorbed

1.18 (a) P1 = 12 W

P2 = 48 W absorbed

P2 = 24 W

P3 = 56 W absorbed

(b) P1 = -72 W

P2 = 48 W

P36 V = 144 W supplied

PD.S. = 8 W

1.21 P2 = 48 W absorbed

CHAPTER 2
2.2 Rx = 5 k

2.6 Gx = 200 S
2.11 I1 = 6 mA
I2 = 3 mA

2.57 Imax = 18.22 mA

Pmax = 182.2 mW

Imin = 17.51 mA

Pmin = 175.1 mW

2.64 I1 = -3 mA
2.68 Io = 0.33 mA

2.15 Ix = -3 mA

2.72 VS = -92.4 V

2.19 Vda = -9 V

2.77 Vo = -12 V

Vbe = 9 V

2.82 Vo = 3 V

2.25 Vx = 10 V

2.87 VS = 41 V

2.30 VS = -2 V

2.92 VS = 30 V

2.39 Vo = 36 V

2.98 Io = -4 mA

2.45 IL = 2.4 mA

2.103 g = 4

2.49 RAB = 12 k

2.109 Io = 2 A

2.53 RAB = 2 k

2.113 Io = 0.67 A

CHAPTER 3
3.1 Io = 1 mA

3.14 Io = -1 mA

3.5 Io = 0.6 mA

3.20 VA = 2.5 V

3.9 Vo = -3.6 V

VB = -0.33 V

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ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS

3.27 Vo = 2 V

3.54 Vo = -5 V

3.32 Vo = 5 V

3.59 Io = 2.88 mA

3.36 V1 = 11.5 V

3.63 Vo = 6.67 V

V2 = 12 V

3.69 Io = 2.67 mA

V3 = 12 V

3.73 Io = 1.64 mA

V4 = 6.5 V

3.79 Vo = 7.57 V

3.41 Vo = 8 V

3.84 Vo = 6 V

3.46 Vo = 1.33 V

3.89 Vo = -3.33 V

3.49 Vo = 15 V

3.95 Io = 2.88 mA

CHAPTER 4
4.1

4.12 I1 = 1 mA

vo (V)
1

4.17 (a) Vo = 4V1 - V2

0.75 V

(b) Vo = 2 V

0.5
0

(c) 4 V  V2  28 V
0.5

0.5

t (s)

4.21

io
1
= v1
RI

4.30 Vo = -11.2 V

1.5

4.35 Vo = -11.43 V

2
2.5

1.5

4.25 Vo = 0 V

4.9

I2 = 0 A

2.25 V

4.38 vo = v1 c 1 +

Vo
= 7.06
Vin

R3
R3
R2
+
d ab
R2
R4
R1

Io = 606 A

CHAPTER 5
5.1 Io = 1.14 mA

5.50 Io = 2.57 mA

5.5 Io = -3.2 mA

5.55 Io = 0.909 mA

5.9 Io = -2 mA

5.59 RTh = 400

5.14 Vo = 14.4 V

5.65 Vo = -0.316 V

5.19 Io = 0.909 mA

5.70 Vo = -5 V

5.22 Io = 1.6 mA

5.76 P2 mA = 12 mW

5.28 Vo = 4.8 V

5.81 Vo = 2 V

5.33 Io = 5 mA

5.85 Io = -0.5 mA

5.37 Vo = 65.79 V

5.94 Io = 1.6 mA

5.44 Io = 1.6 mA

5.98 RL = 99.0

I3 = 1 mA

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ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS

A3

CHAPTER 6
6.3 v = 40 V

0A
t
2 A
6.33 i(t) = d
(3 * 10-3 - t) A
0A

6.6 i(t) = 9.23 cos377t A

0 V
6.9 v(t) = c 100 tV
0.2 V

t 6 0
0 6 t 6 t1
t 7 t1

0
-12 mA
6.13 i(t) = e 0
8 mA
0

t
0 6 t
t1 6 t
t2 6 t
t

0
6.17 v(t) = c 2500t2 V
4V

6
6
6
6
7

t 6 0
0  t  2 ms
2 ms  t  3 ms
t  3 ms
9 mH  L  11 mH

6.38 (a) L = 10 mH ; 10%

0
t1
t2
t3
t3

1.9 nH  L  2.1 nH

(b) L = 2 nH ; 5%
(c) L = 68 H ; 10%

6.43 PR2 = 21.33 W

6.49 V2 = 8 V

61.2 H  L  74.8 H

wC = 144 J
V1 = 4 V

6.54 CT = 2 F

t 6 0
0 6 t 6 t1
t 7 t1

6.60 Ceq = 3.18 F

6.67 LAB = 6 mH
6.73 vo(t) = 3.81 cos (377t) V

6.22 (a) v(t) = 75.4 cos 377t V

(b) w(t) = 0.2 sin2 377t J

v(t) (V)
2.5

6.27

10
4

t (ms)

2.5

CHAPTER 7
7.3 vC(t) = 12 - 8e

t
0.6

7.12 vo(t) = 4 + 1.6e

t
0.6

vo (V)

7.8 vo(t) = 4 + 50e-7.5t V

vo (V)

60

50
4

40
30

20
2

10
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

t (s)

1
0

0.6

1.2

1.8

2.4

3.0

t (s)

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ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS

7.72 L = 2 H

7.19 io(t) = 0.67e-5t A

7.23 io(t) = 0.375 - 1.125e

-8t

R1 = 3

R2 = 5

io (A)

7.75 (a) s2 + 2s + 5 = 0

(b) s1,2 =

0.75
0.5

(c) underdamped!

v1(t) = e-t CA 1 cos 2t + A 2 sin 2tD

0.25
0

-2 ; 24 - 20
= -1 ; j2 rad
s
2

0.125

0.25

0.375

0.5

0.675

t (s)

7.80 v(t) = e-4t[10 cos 2t + 40 sin 2t] V

7.85 vo(t) = 12e-20t + 720te-20t V

0.25
0.5

20

0.75

15

vo (t)(V)

7.28 io(t) = 2 + 0.5e-3.75t mA

7.33 vo(t) = 4.36e-2.73t V
7.37 io(t) = 3 + 0.33e

-1.67t

7.41 io(t) = 2.4 - 2.4e

mA

-2.5 * 105t

10
5

mA
0
100

7.47 vo(t) = 12 - 3e-6t V

100

7.52 i(t) = -5 + 2.5e-4t A

200

300

400

500

t (ms)

7.57 vo(t) = 16 - 2.8e-1.5t V

7.63 vo(t) = b

8 - 8e-1.25t V
5.71e-1.25(t - 1) V

0t1
t 7 1

7.68 vR A0+ B = -8 V

7.90 i(t) = (4.04e-T2 t - 1.54eT1 t) A

T1 = 0.08 s
T2 = 12.42 s

7.95 i(t) = e-3t[3 cos t + 5.4 sin t] A

i2 A0+ B = 0 A

i1(q) = 0 A

CHAPTER 8
8.1 f = 63.7 Hz T = 15.7 ms

8.36 Vo = 45 / -23.1 V

8.5 (a) i = v
R i(t) = 5 cos (377t + 180) A

8.41 I o = 2.83 / 45 A

I = 5 / 180 A

8.46 Z = -0.508 + j0.586

(b) i(t) = 6 sin (377t + 45) = 6 cos (377t - 45) A

I = 6 / -45

8.52 Vo = 3.58 / 153.4 V

8.9 Z = 1.00 + j3.77

8.58 Vo = 4.56 / 37.9 V

8.14 Z = 2.83 / 16.9

8.18 v(t) = 5.16 cos A377t + 45.1B V

8.23 L = 10 mH

8.29 vo(t) = 7.08 cos A104t + 36.8B V

Im
I1
0.2

0.1

I2
IS

Z = 0.776 / 130.9

8.64 Vo = 5.55 / 86.8 V

8.69 Vo = 2.53 / 71.6 V
8.73 Vo = 4.71 / -98.1 V
8.77 I o = 2 / -36.9 A
8.82 Vo = 5.55 / 86.8 V

j0.2

8.88 Voc = -4 + j4V

j0.1

8.93 Vo = 4 / 90 V

Re
j0.1
j0.2

8.98 Vo = 37.6 / -60.7 V

8.103 I o = 17.7 / -137 A

Z Th = 2.24 / 117

600

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ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 9
9.2 v(t) = 20 cos (t + 66.9) V
p(t) = 40 cos (2t + 96.9) + 32.0 W
9.8 P = 4.31 W

9.43 Vrms = 1.87 V

9.49 Irms = 3.27 A
9.53 pf = 0.833

9.13 P1
= 2.25 W

9.57 pf = 0.65 lagging

9.18 PIS = 0.660 W supplied

9.63 VS = 303 / 11.1 Vrms

PVS = 0.394 W supplied

9.23 PRL = 9.92 W
9.28 Z L = 2 + j2

PL = 1.05 W
9.34 Z L = 2.8 + j0.4

PL = 1.32 W

pfS = 0.73 lagging

9.67 pfS = 0.72 lagging
SVS = 46.3 / 43.8 kVA
9.73 C = 563 F
9.79 @I man @ = b

238 mA
14.4 A

dry skin
wet skin

9.39 Z L = 4 + j1

PL = 5.00 W

CHAPTER 10
10.5

Vo
= 0.140 / 24.8
VS

10.11 Vo = 10.15 / 10.8 V

10.15 Vo = 2.17 / 5.19 V
10.18 I o = 3.25 / 66.0 A
10.25 Vo = 1.24 / -120 V
10.31 Vo = 12.2 / 15.0 V
10.36 Vo = 2.5 / 36.9 V
10.40 Z in = 4.6 + j3.2

10.52 V1 = 5.36 / 3.4 V

V2 = nV1 = 10.72 / 3.4 V
I 2 = -I 1
n = 1.90 / 138 A
10.57 I 1 = -1.84 / 0 A V1 = 6.48 / 0 V
I 2 = 0.46 / 0 A

V2 = 25.9 / 0 V

10.63 Vo = 1.80 / -140 V

10.69 VS = 14.14 / 165 V
10.73 VS = 30.9 / 153 V

10.47 wAt = 1 msB = 94.1 J

CHAPTER 11
11.2 Van = 100 / 45 V rms

Vab

Vbn = 100 / -75 V rms

Im

Vcn = 100 / 165 V rms

Vab = 10023 / 75 V rms = 171 / 75 V rms

Van

Vcn

Vbc = 171 / -45 V rms

Vca = 171 / -165 V rms

Real

Vca
Vbn

Vbc

A5

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ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS

11.9 I aA = 2.00 / -73.6 A rms

11.41 I AN1 = 9.38 / -4.39 A rms

I bB = 2.00 / 166 A rms

I BN1 = 9.38 / -124.4 A rms

I cC = 2.00 / 46.4 A rms

I CN1 = 9.38 / 115.6 A rms

11.13 Z = 3.5 - j1

11.47 Z L = 12 / 25

11.16 Vab = 217 / 40 V rms

11.54 S3 = 18.4 / 49.4 kVA

11.23 Z L = 10 + j12

11.59 pfnew = 0.966 lagging

11.29 @VAB @ = 199 V rms

11.63 C = 16.4 F

11.34 VAB = 208 / 60 V rms

11.37 Van = 103 / 43.7 V rms
Vbn = 103 / -76.3 V rms
Vcn = 103 / 163.7 V rms

CHAPTER 12
12.1 Z = R

12.5 Z i =

s
1
+
RC
LC

1
s2 +
LC

s2 +

1.8s + 1
s

12.9 H(j) =

10(j)
(j + 1)(j + 10)
Bode Plot: Magnitude Response

20

|H(j)| (db)

0
20
40
60
80

102

101

100

101

102

103

102

103

Bode Plot: Phase Response

100

jH(j) ()

50

50

100

102

101

100

101

 (rad/s)

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ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS

12.13 H(j) =
H `

=

1
100

100(j)
(j + 1)(j + 10)(j + 50)
M 2 * 10-3 = -54 dB

0
20
+20 dB/dec

20 dB/dec

|H| (dB)

40

40 dB/dec

60
80
100
120
0.01

0.1

10

100

1k

 (rad/s)

12.17 G `

10(0.1)
L
 = 0.1

1(10)

1
= -40 dB
100

|G| (dB)

-20

40 dB/dec

20 dB/dec
-40

-60
0.1

10

100

 (rad/s)

12.23 G `

10(2)(100)
L
 = 0.1

(0.1)(100)

= 200 = 46 dB

80
60

|G| (dB)

40

20 dB/dec

20
0

40 dB/dec

20
40
0.1

20 dB/dec

10

 (rad/s)

100

1k

A7

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ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS

12.29 H(j) =

12.34 G(j) =

5.33 * 104(j + 1)(j + 120)

12.49 R = 2000

C = 25 F

(j + 10)(j + 80)

288(j + 100)2

j(j + 900)C(j)2 + j4 + 400 D

L = 10 nH
12.53 Lnew = 50 H
Cnew = 12.5 F

12.39 o = 7.07 krad
s

R = 2

Q = 14.14

12.57 Filter is highpass

max = 7.06 krad
s

12.63 (a) IABC = 50 A

@Vomax @ = 84.9 V

RG = 100 k

(b) 0.952 mS  gm  1.053 mS

12.44 Q = 3.33

12.69 (a) RG = 100 M

C = 100 F

(b) R = 500

BW = 300 rad
s

12.75 Arbitrarily select C = 1 nF, yields R = 6.87 k

CHAPTER 13
13.32 f(t) = 2e-8(t - 1) - e-4(t - 1)u(t - 1)

13.1 LCf(t)D = e-(s + a)

13.5 F(s) = e-(s + a) e

(s + a) sin 
 cos 
+
f
(s + a)2 + 2
(s + a)2 + 2

13.37 y(t) = C e-t - e-2t Du(t)

13.41 Initial values

e-(s + a)
13.8 F(s) =
s + 1
1
13.12 (a) f(t) = C1 + 3e-2t - 4e-3t D u(t)
6
1
(b) f(t) = C 1 - 2e-t + 3e-2t Du(t)
2

(a) lim f(t) = 2

tS0

(b) lim f(t) = 2

tS0

(c) lim f(t) = 2

tS0

Final values

13.16 (a) f(t) = 10e-t cos (t - 90)u(t)

(a) lim f(t) = 4

tSq

(b) f(t) = 10e

-2t

cos (t)u(t)

(b) lim f(t) = 0

tSq

1
13.21 (a) f(t) = c - e-2t + 1.58e-t cos (t - 18.4) d u(t)
2
(b) f(t) = C(t) - e-2t cos (t + 90)Du(t)

13.27 (a) f(t) = Cte-t - 3e-t + 4e-2t Du(t)

(b) f(t) =

(c) lim f(t) = 0

tSq

13.45 i(t) = 2e-4.5tu(t) A

13.48 vo(t) = 2.67e-1.67tu(t) V

1
Ct - 4te-4t - e-4t D u(t)
16

CHAPTER 14
14.1 Z (s) =

6s + 8
6s + 16s + 11

14.30 vo(t) = 9.6e-tu(t) V

14.6 vo(t) = C422 e cos (t - 45)Du(t) V

-t

14.11 vo(t) = C222 e-t cos (t - 45)Du(t) V

14.16 vo(t) = C2A1 - e-t B Du(t) V
14.21 vo(t) = C4 - 5e

-t

+ 2e

-2t

14.35 vo(t) = 1.15C e-0.42t - e-1.58t D u(t) V

14.38 vo(t) = 12e-2tu(t) V
14.42 vo(t) = a 4 -

a4 -

Du(t) V

14.25 vo(t) = C1.5A1 - e-4t B Du(t) V

4 -4t
e b u(t) 3

14.45

Vo
s + 1
=
Vi
14s + 6

4 -4(t - 1)
b u(t - 1) V
e
3

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ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS

14.51

Vo
-s
= 2
Vs
s + 2s + 2

Roots at s =

-2 ; 24 - 8
= -1 ; j1
2

14.54 o = 240 rad
s

A9

Complex conjugate pales.

Network is
s
underdamped!

14.59 vo(t) = 4.71 cos (t - 45) V

2o = 22 1  = 1.74

overdamped

14.63 vo(t) = 5.22 cos A2t + 97.8B V

CHAPTER 15
q
2 jno t
15.3 f(t) = a
e
jn
n = -q

15.24 f(t) = -4 sin (20 t) - 5 sin (40 t) - 3 sin (60 t)

- 2 sin (80 t) - sin (100 t)

n odd
q

15.8 v(t) =

3
1
2
sin (n t
2) - cos (n t
2) V
na
n
n
=1

15.29 vo(t) =

n odd

4
4
15.13 an =
sin (n
2)
Acos (n
2) - 1B +
2
n
(n )
1
ao = 4
15.18 v(t) = -

1
+ 0.285 cos (t + 26.6) +
4
0.023 cos (t - 49) V

15.32 P = 127.6 W
15.37 vo(t) = 1.27 cos A4t - 58B V

bn = 0
q

1
+ a
Acos (n ) - 1B cos (nt) +
2
4
n = 1 n

15.41 w = 0.106 J

1
A1 - 2 cos (n )B sin (nt) V
n

CHAPTER 16
16.1 (a) y11 =

I1
1
2
=
V1 V2 = 0
ZL

y12 = (b) z 11 =

y21 = -

1
ZL

V1
2
= ZL
I 1 I2 = 0

z 12 = Z L
16.7 y11 =

y21 =

1
ZL

y22 =

1
ZL

z 21 =

V2
2
= ZL
I 1 I2 = 0

z 22 = Z L

I1
1
2
=
V1 V2 = 0
Z1

y22 =


I2
2
=
V1 V2 = 0
Z2

y12 =

I2
1
2
=
V2 V1 = 0
Z2
I1
2
= 0
V2 V1 = 0

16.11

V2
= -438
V1

16.18 h11 =

V1
2
2
= R1

R2 =

I 1 V2 = 0
3

h21 =

I2
-R1
1
2
=
= I 1 V2 = 0
R1 + R2
3

h12 =

V1
R1
1
2
=
=
V2 I1 = 0
R1 + R2
3

h22 =

I2
1
2
2
=
= S
V2 I1 = 0
3
R3

AR1 + R2 B

16.22 (a) A =

V1
2
= 1
V2 I2 = 0

B =

V1
2
= ZL
-I 2 V2 = 0

C =

I1
2
= 0
V2 I2 = 0

D =

I1
2
= 1
-I 2 V2 = 0

(b) A =

V1
2
= 1
V2 I2 = 0

B =

V1
2
= 0
-I 2 V2 = 0

I1
1
2
=
V2 I2 = 0
ZL

D =

I1
2
= 1
-I 2 V2 = 0

For y21

Z2

gV1

I2 =

I2

V1
z2


I2
=
z2
V1

C =

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ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS

16.26 A =
B =

V1
R1 + R2
2
=
V2 I2 = 0
 + R1
R1 R2 + R1 R3 + R2 R3 - R2
 + R2

I1
1
2
C =
=
V2 I2 = 0
 + R2
R2 + R3
I1
2
=
D =
-I 2 V2 = 0
 + R2

y22
= 3

y
-y12
= 2

=
y

16.32 z 11 =
z 12

16.37 Yin =

2 + j2
S
1 + j2

16.42 Vo = 2.32 / 157 V

-y21
= 2

y
y11
= 5

=
y

z 21 =
z 22