Design of One Way Slabs

CE A433 RC Design T. Bart Quimby, P.E., Ph.D. Spring 2007

Definition

A One Way Slab is simply a very wide beam that spans between supports

Design for a 12 Width

When you solve for As, you are solving for As/ft width.

Beam Profile

Design variables: Thickness (h) and Reinforcing

Solving for Thickness, h

Thickness may controlled by either:

Shear Flexure Deflection

Thickness Based on Shear

Shear stirrups are not possible in a slab so all you have is fVc for strength.

Vu fVc f 2 f cbw d Vu d f 2 f cbw

ACI 318-05 11.5.6.1(a) exempts slabs from the requirement that shear reinforcement is required where ever Vu exceeds fVc/2.

Thickness Based on Flexure

Use the three equations that were presented earlier in the semester for computing bd2 for singly reinforced concrete beams, using b = 12.

Largest beam size (based on Asmin as specified in the code) Smallest beam size (based on the steel strain being .005) Smallest beam size not likely to have deflection problems (c ~ .375cb)

Thickness Base on Deflection

We havent covered deflection calculations yet. See ACI 318-05 9.5.2

You must comply with the requirements of ACI 318-05 Table 9.5(a) if you want to totally ignore deflections

Other Considerations

For thinner multi-span slabs, it might be useful to put the steel at mid depth so that it can act as both positive and negative reinforcing.

Then h = d*2 See ACI 318-05 7.7.1(c)

Cover requirements are a bit different

You might need to make allowance for a wear surface

Flexural Steel

Consider as a rectangular singly reinforced beam where b = 12

The resulting As is the reqd As PER FOOT OF WIDTH. Also consider min As requirement ACI 318-05 10.5.1 All bars can provide this As by selecting an appropriate spacing

Mu < fAsfy(d-Asfy/(1.7fcb)) Solve for As

Spacing = Ab/(reqd As/ft width) Watch units!!!!

Spacing Limits

ACI 318-05 7.6.5 has an upper limit on bar spacing

S < min(3h, 18)

The lower limit is as used in previous beam problems..

The clear distance between bars > max(1, max aggregate size/.75)

Typical Calculation
Controlling Flexural Steel Requirement 0.294 in^2/ftw Bar Ab (in^2) #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #14 #18 0.11 0.20 0.31 0.44 0.60 0.79 1.00 1.27 1.56 2.25 4.00 db (in) 0.375 0.500 0.625 0.750 0.875 1.000 1.128 1.270 1.410 1.693 2.257 max s (in) 4.49 8.16 12.65 17.95 24.48 32.23 40.80 51.82 63.65 91.81 163.21 Use s (in) 4.50 8.50 13.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 Act. As (in^2/ftw) 0.293 0.282 0.286 0.293 0.400 0.527 0.667 0.847 1.040 1.500 2.667 Act d (in) 8.06 8.00 7.94 7.88 7.81 7.75 7.69 7.62 7.55 7.40 7.12 pMn (ft-k/ftw) 10.36 9.90 9.95 10.11 13.53 17.45 21.59 26.64 31.73 42.53 61.93 0.927 0.970 0.965 0.950 0.710 0.550 0.445 0.361 0.303 0.226 0.155 Mu/pMn c (in) 0.507 0.488 0.495 0.507 0.692 0.911 1.153 1.465 1.799 2.595 4.614 0.04466 0.04613 0.04510 0.04355 0.03087 0.02252 0.01699 0.01260 0.00958 0.00556 0.00163 Stl Strain

Note: Check development lengths

Temperature & Shrinkage Steel

ACI 318-05 7.12 Reqd As/ft width = (12)hr

This steel is placed TRANSVERSE to the flexural steel. ACI 318-05 7.12.2.2

r = 0.0020 for fy < 60 ksi r = 0.0018 for fy = 60 ksi

Spacing < min(5h,18)

T&S Calculation

Layout
Temperature & Shrinkage Steel

Flexural Steel

Example Problem

Materials: fc = 3 ksi, fy = 60 ksi Imposed Loads: Live = 100 psf, Dead = 25 psf

Finding h

At this point, we have enough information to determine h using ACI 318-05 Table 9.5a:

Cantilevers: h > L/10 = 24/10 = 2.4 Main Spans: h > L/24 = 120/28 = 4.29

We still need to check shear and flexure requirements but need more info!

Determine Loads

Consider only a 1 ft width of beam (b = 12) wLL = 100 psf = 100 plf/ft width wDL = 25 psf + weight of slab
Make a guess at a slab thickness or write the equations of shear and moment in terms of slab thickness Lets try h = 6 we will need to fix this later if it turns out to be greater. wDL = 25 psf + (150 pcf)*.5 ft = 100 psf = 100 plf/ftw wu = 1.2(100 plf/ftw) + 1.6(100 plf/ftw) = 280 plf/ftw

An Almost Arbitrary Decision

We will place the steel at mid-depth of the slab so that it handles both positive and negative moments

This means that we only need to design for the worst case moment (positive or negative) along the span. As a result, d = h/2 This is a good choice for a short relatively thin (less than 8) slab. This makes things pretty simple. Only have to design one set of flexural steel!

Determine Maximum Shears

Use ACI 318-05 8.3 (the slab meets the criteria!) to compute internal forces (or you can do a full elastic analysis) The cantilevers are exempt from 8.3 since they are statically determinant (i.e. dont meet the criteria to use 8.3)

The two center spans are the same

Vu = wu*Ln = (280 plf/ftw)*(1.5 ft) = 420 lb/ftw Vu = wu*Ln/2= (280 plf/ftw)*(9 ft)/2 = 1260 lb/ftw

Determine Reqd h Based on Shear

For our choice:

d d d h

= > > >

h/2 > Vu/[f2sqrt(fc)bw)] (1260 lb/ftw)/[.75(2)sqrt(3000)(12)] 1.28 in 2.56 in

Deflection criteria (Table 9.5a) still controls!!!

Determine Maximum Moments

Main spans: Ln = 9 ft

Can use ACI 318-05 8.3:

Cantilevers are statically determinate: Ln = 1.5 ft.

Design for Mu = 2,062 ft-lb/ftw

Mu = wu*Ln2/2 = 315 ft-lb/ftw

Select h Based on Flexure

Can use the equations derived for choosing the size of rectangular singly reinforced beams earlier in the semester.

Use b = 12 and solve for d.

Try solving the equations for both max and min size to bracket the possibilities.

Max size (based on min reinforcing): h = 6.41 in Min size (based on stl strain = 0.005): h = 3.40 in

Now Make a Choice!

I choose to use h = 5 it is in the range for flexure and meets Table 9.5a deflection criteria and Shear Strength criteria Other choices that meet the limits computed are also valid No real need to go back and fix the h that our load estimate since they are close and the assumption was conservative, but can do it to refine the design if we want to.

Determine the Flexural Steel

Solve the flexural design inequality for As:

Mu < fAsfy(d-Asfy/(1.7*fcb)) As > 0.199 in2/ftw Watch those units!!!

Also check to make sure that the minimum As is met

The larger value controls

As > min(200,3sqrt(fc))*bwd/fy = 0.100 in2/ftw Use As > 0.199 in2/ftw

Select the Flexural Steel

Use #4 @ 12 O.C.

Consider T&S Steel

For our case, r = 0.0018 Reqd As > 0.0018(12)(5) = 0.108 in2/ftw Max allowed spacing = min(18,5h) = 18 Compute some spacing and choose a bar:

For #3 bar:

s < 0.11 in2 / (0.108 in2/ftw) = 1.02 ft = 12.2 in

For #4 bar: s < 22.2 in use 18 #3 is the better choice!

Use #3 @ 12 O.C. for T&S steel

Final Design

Slab Thickness = 5 Longitudinal Steel = #4 @ 12 O.C. @ mid-depth Transverse Steel = #3 @ 12 O.C.