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Enzyme and Digestion

Digestion involves the breakdown of large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules through the action of digestive enzymes. Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars in the mouth and small intestine by enzymes. Proteins are broken down into amino acids in the stomach and small intestine. Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine. Most digestive enzymes are produced by the pancreas. The stomach contains acid which kills bacteria and helps enzymes digest proteins. Bile produced by the liver emulsifies fats and neutralizes acid before nutrients reach the small intestine. Villi in the small intestine have a large surface area and blood supply to absorb digested nutrients into the bloodstream.

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165 views

Enzyme and Digestion

Digestion involves the breakdown of large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules through the action of digestive enzymes. Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars in the mouth and small intestine by enzymes. Proteins are broken down into amino acids in the stomach and small intestine. Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine. Most digestive enzymes are produced by the pancreas. The stomach contains acid which kills bacteria and helps enzymes digest proteins. Bile produced by the liver emulsifies fats and neutralizes acid before nutrients reach the small intestine. Villi in the small intestine have a large surface area and blood supply to absorb digested nutrients into the bloodstream.

Uploaded by

mar_ouq
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENZYMES AND DIGESTION

Objective : Explain how enzymes are involved in digestion Teacher will ask the student to write down everything they can remember about digestion, on previous lessons. Example: what it is and where it takes place...

WHAT IS DIGESTION? Breaking down large, insoluble molecules into smaller, soluble molecules that can be absorbed through the wall of the small intestine. WHAT BREAKS DOWN THE LARGE MOLECULES? Digestive enzymes made by specialised cells inside glands

THE ENZYMES INVOLVED...


Carbohydrates Simple sugars

Proteins

Amino acids

Lipids (fats)

Fatty acids + glycerol

TRY YOUR KNOWLEDGE!


1. WHERE ARE THE FOLLOWING DIGESTED: a) Carbohydrates mouth and small intestine b) Proteins stomach and small intestine c) Fats small intestine 2. WHAT ARE THE FOLLOWING BROKEN DOWN INTO BY DIGESTIVE ENZYMES? a) Carbohydrates simple sugars b) Proteins amino acids c) Fats fatty acids + glycerol 3. WHERE ARE MOST ENZYMES PRODUCED? Pancreas

WHY DO YOU THINK THERE IS ACID IN THE STOMACH?


Kills bacteria in food protects us Denatures proteins makes digestion easier Activates stomach enzymes these only work in acidic conditions Ever wondered why PEPSIN (stomach enzyme) doesnt digest our own stomach? Pepsin is inactive when first made and is only activated by HCL to start digesting proteins.

WHAT DOES BILE DO?


Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. The enzymes in the small intestine need an alkaline pH to work best, so bile passes into the small intestine and neutralises acid from the stomach. Bile also emulsifies fat droplets to increase their surface area

HOW ARE VILLI IN THE SMALL INTESTINE ADAPTED TO ABSORB FOOD?

HOW ARE VILLI SPECIALISED TO CARRY OUT THEIR JOB OF ABSORBING DIGESTED FOODS?

Answers
Millions of villi provide large surface area Each villus has many microvilli to further increase surface area Rich blood supply for absorbed nutrients to pass into and be taken around body Branch of lymphatic system takes absorbed fatty acids and glycerol away to be used or stored Villi wall one cell thick for rapid passing through of nutrients

Digestive system summary


Salivary glands produce ________ Liver produces ______ Stomach produces ________ + ________ Gall bladder stores ________ Pancreas and small intestine both produce ________, ________, and ________

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