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Learning Objectives: Major Muscles Movement Caused Types of Muscular Contraction

Learning objectives to know and understand: the name and location of the major muscles that cause movement at the major joints. The 3 types of muscular contraction.

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264 views

Learning Objectives: Major Muscles Movement Caused Types of Muscular Contraction

Learning objectives to know and understand: the name and location of the major muscles that cause movement at the major joints. The 3 types of muscular contraction.

Uploaded by

api-115744109
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Learning objectives

To know and understand: The name and location of the major muscles that cause movement at the major joints The movement caused by these muscles at the joints The 3 types of muscular contraction To be able to: Identify the location of the major muscles of the body Explain the function of the agonist, antagonist and fixator muscles Explain the 3 different types of muscular contraction

Antagonistic Pairs

During elbow flexion...... Agonist = Antagonist = Biceps brachii Triceps brachii

During elbow extension...... Agonist = Antagonist = Triceps brachii Biceps brachii

GCSE Muscles
Deltoids Pectorals Biceps Abdominals Quadriceps Trapezius Triceps Latissimus Dorsi Gluteals Hamstrings

Skip to labelled diagram

Gastrocnemius

Front View

Back View

Muscles
Triceps brachii Biceps brachii Deltoid Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Gluteus maximus Gastrocnemius Soleus Pectoralis minor Pectoralis major Rectus abdominus Erector spinae group Wrist extensors Wrist flexors Iliopsoas Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Internal obliques External obliques Pronator teres Supinator Tibialis anterior Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius

Hamstrings

Quadriceps

Trapezius Deltoid Biceps Brachii Pronator teres Supinator Wrist flexors Iliopsoas Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis Tibialis anterior Soleus Abductor longus Gastrocnemius Pectoralis minor Pectoralis major Rectus abdominis External obliques Internal obliques Erector spinae group Wrist extensors Triceps Brachii

Infraspinatus &teres minor Teres major & subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus medius and minimus Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus

ANTERIOR VIEW

POSTERIOR VIEW

Elbow
Flexion
Biceps brachii

Extension
Triceps brachii

Wrist
Flexion
Wrist flexor

Extension
Wrist extensor

Radio-ulnar
Pronation
Pronator teres

Supination
Supinator

Ankle
Plantar flexion
Soleus Gastrocnemius

Dorsiflexion
Tibialis anterior

Knee
Hamstrings
Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus

Flexion

Extension
Quadriceps
Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius

Spine 1
Flexion
Rectus abdominus

Extension
Erector spinae group

Spine 2
Rotation
Internal & external obliques

Lateral flexion
Internal & external obliques

Hip
Flexion
Iliopsoas

Extension
Gluteus maximus

Hip
Abduction
Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus

Adduction
Adductor group
Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus

Shoulder 1
Flexion
Deltoid (anterior)

Extension
Deltoid (posterior)

Shoulder 2
Abduction
Deltoid (middle)

Adduction
Latissimus dorsi

Shoulder 3
Horizontal flexion
Pectoralis major

Horizontal extension
Trapezius

Shoulder 4
Lateral rotation
Teres minor Infraspinatus

Lateral rotation
Teres major Subscapularis

3 types of muscular contraction


MUSCULAR CONTRACTION Tension develops in a muscle ISOTONIC CONTRACTION
Tension develops in muscles and movement occurs at joint CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION Tension develops while muscle shortens Causes joint movement ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION Tension develops while muscle lengthens Controls joint movement

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION
Tension develops in muscle but no movement occurs at the joint ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION Stops joint movement

3 types of muscular contraction


REMEMBER: Muscular contraction does not mean that the muscle is shortening, just that there is tension! When muscles contract they may be shortening, lengthening or staying the same length Muscular contraction can
Cause joint movement Control joint movement Stop joint movement

Isotonic contraction

Isometric contraction

Eccentric contraction in the biceps brachii during the downward phase of exercise Biceps brachii produces tension and lengthens It slows the lowering of the forearm and controls extension of the elbow

Isotonic contraction
Concentric Eccentric

Isometric contraction

Concentric contraction in the biceps brachii during the upward phase of exercise Biceps brachii produces tension and shortens It pulls the forearm upwards to cause flexion of the elbow

Eccentric contraction in the biceps brachii during the downward phase of exercise Biceps brachii produces tension and lengthens It slows the lowering of the forearm and controls extension of the elbow

Isometric contraction occurs in the biceps brachii when the muscle is holding the weight still Biceps brachii develops tension and stays the same length It stops flexion and extension of the elbow

Agonist - type of contraction?


Sit up (downwards phase)
Rectus abdominus

Eccentric

Agonist - type of contraction?


Scoring a try Concentric

Agonist - type of contraction?


Penalty kick Concentric

Agonist - type of contraction?


Weight lifting hold position

Isometric

Agonist - type of contraction?


Gymnastic rings Isometric

Remember
An explosive sporting action or technique, is likely to be concentric contraction An action that involves working against gravity (decelerating or lowering a body part slowly/working to control movement), the type of contraction is likely to be eccentric

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