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UNBALANCE

Unbalance refers to a condition where a shaft's mass centerline does not coincide with its geometric centerline, creating a heavy spot that causes vibrations. There are several types of unbalance including static, couple, quasi-static, and dynamic. Static unbalance causes vibrations with the same amplitude and 90 degree phase difference at each bearing. Couple unbalance causes vibrations with 1800 phase difference between bearings. Unbalance can be caused by uneven mass distribution, dirt buildup, manufacturing errors, and other sources. It is measured using vibration instruments and corrected by adding or removing mass from the rotor.

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Ananda Shankar Sahu
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133 views

UNBALANCE

Unbalance refers to a condition where a shaft's mass centerline does not coincide with its geometric centerline, creating a heavy spot that causes vibrations. There are several types of unbalance including static, couple, quasi-static, and dynamic. Static unbalance causes vibrations with the same amplitude and 90 degree phase difference at each bearing. Couple unbalance causes vibrations with 1800 phase difference between bearings. Unbalance can be caused by uneven mass distribution, dirt buildup, manufacturing errors, and other sources. It is measured using vibration instruments and corrected by adding or removing mass from the rotor.

Uploaded by

Ananda Shankar Sahu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unbalance

UNBALANCE
The technical way to describe unbalance is as a condition : where a shafts geometric centerline and mass centerline do not coincide or where the center of mass does not lie on the axis of rotation. In other words, there is a heavy spot somewhere along the shaft.

UNBALANCE
International Standards Organization (ISO): . . . that condition which exists in a rotor when vibratory force or motion is imparted to its bearings as a result of centrifugal forces.

CAUSES
Uneven Distribution of Mass of Rotor. Dirt Accumulation on Fan Rotors. Rotor Eccentricity Roller Deflection, especially in Paper Machines Machining Errors Uneven Erosion and Corrosion of Pump Impellers Missing Balance Weights

SOURCES
1. CASTING IMPERFECTIONS 2. ECCENTRICITY 3. ADDITION OF KEYS AND KEYWAYS 4. DISTORTION 5. CLEARANCE TOLERANCES 6. CORROSION AND WEAR 7. DEPOSIT BUILDUP

TYPES
Static Unbalance - central principal axis is displaced parallel to the shaft axis Couple Unbalance - central principal axis intersects the shaft axis at the rotor center of gravity Quasi-Static Unbalance - combination of static and couple unbalance where central principal axis intersects the shaft axis, but NOT at the rotor center of gravity Dynamic Unbalance - random combination of static and couple unbalance

What Is Phase?
Phase - Measure of Relative Time Difference between 2 Sine Waves.

How Phase Angle Is Measured?


The Phase Angle is the Angle (in degrees) the Shaft Travels from the Start of Data Collection to when the Sensor experiences Maximum Positive Force. For example, the phase angle is 90 if the sensor experiences its maximum positive force at 90 after data collection was initiated by the tachometer.

Types Of Unbalance
1. Static Unbalance
Vibration---- Same Phase Angle --- Same

2. Couple Unbalance
Vibration ---- Same Phase Angle --- 180

Types Of Unbalance
3. Quasi- Static U/B
Vibration---- Different Phase Angle --- 0 or 180

4. Dynamic Unbalance
Vibration---- Different Phase Angle ---Different

UNITS

Vibration instruments measure unbalance amplitude in units of displacement, velocity or acceleration.

STATIC UNBALANCE

DEW/CBPM LAB/JV

Static Unbalance

Detection:
Highest Radial Vibration Amplitude Increases as Square of Speed. Dominant Frequency at 1x rpm Horizontal to Vertical Phase Difference 900 on the same Bearing Housing
DEW/CBPM LAB/JV

STATIC UNBALANCE

Vibration Amplitude and Phase readings measured at the two supporting bearings will be nearly identical
DEW/CBPM LAB/JV

COUPLE UNBALANCE

DEW/CBPM LAB/JV

Couple Unbalance

Detection:
High horizontal & some times axial vibration Dominant frequency at 1x RPM 1800 phase difference between both bearings horizontal as well as vertical direction.
DEW/CBPM LAB

QUASI-STATIC UNBALANCE

Combination of Static and Couple Unbalance where vibration amplitudes at one support are considerably higher than the other and phase readings are the same or differ by 180 degrees
DEW/CBPM LAB

DYNAMIC UNBALANCE

Most common type of unbalance condition and accounts for any condition that does not meet the conditions of static, couple or quasi-static unbalance.
DEW/CBPM LAB

Overhung Rotor Unbalance

DEW/CBPM LAB

Overhung Rotor Unbalance

Detection:
High horizontal & axial vibration Dominant frequency at 1x RPM Axial readings will be in phase but radial phase readings might be unsteady.
DEW/CBPM LAB

Correction
Overhung rotors might be having both static and couple unbalance and each of which requires correction.

DEW/CBPM LAB

CROSS EFFECT

A heavy spot of unbalance located at one end of a rotor will not only create unbalance vibration at that end, but will also create some unbalance vibration at the opposite end of the rotor as well
DEW/CBPM LAB

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