Lecture 22 - Electronics Cooling Mechanisms
Lecture 22 - Electronics Cooling Mechanisms
NATURAL CONVECTION COOLING RELIABLE NATURAL CONVECTION EMPLOYS NO MOVING PARTS COOLING MEDIA IS READILY AVAILABLE MODELS FOR CONVECTION BASIC EQUATION IS
FOR AIR AT AMBIENT CONDITIONS, THERE ARE SIMPLIFIED CORRELATIONS AVAILABLE FOR LAMINAR FLOW CONDITIONS OF THE FORM:
L IS A CHARACTERISTIC DISTANCE SUCH AS A VERTICAL RUN, DIAMETER, OR A/p n IS 0.25 K IS DEPENDENT ON SYSTEM GEOMETRY AND INCLUDES THE EQUIVALENT Ra NUMBER AT NEAR AMBIENT CONDITIONS
FOR A SUMMARY OF THIS METHOD, GO TO: http://electronicscooling.com/articles/2001/2001_aug_calccorner.php Simons, R.E., Simplified Formula for Estimating Natural Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient on a Flat Plate, ElectronicsCooling, Vol. 7, No. 3, August 2001, pp 12-13. CORRELATIONS CAN BE ADJUSTED FOR PRESSURE USING
CORRELATIONS ASSUME UNRESTRICTED FREE FLOW PASSED THE SURFACE RADIATION COOLING IS ALSO PRESENT FOR THESE SYSTEMS AND SHOULD BE INCLUDED FOR THE OVERALL HEAT BALANCE
FORCED CONVECTION
USE HYDRAULIC DIAMETER FOR THE MORE COMPLEX SHAPES (NOT PLATES, CYLINDERS OR SPHERES) HEAT TRANSFER CORRELATIONS SEE TABLE 15-2 FOR EXTERNAL FLOWS SEE TABLE 15-3 FOR INTERNAL FLOWS
PARALLEL MECHANISMS
CAN INCREASE OR DECREASE FORCED CONVECTION, DEPENDING UPON THE FLOW DIRECTION AND SURFACE CONFIGURATION NATURAL CONVECTION WILL REDUCE COOLING WHEN FORCED AIR FLOWS DOWN A HOT VERTICAL SURFACE NATURAL CONVECTION WILL INCREASE COOLING WHEN FORCE AIR FLOWS UP A HOT SURFACE
AN EFFECTIVE SYSTEM NEEDS A CLEAR OPENING FOR AIR FLOW TO AND FROM THE OUTSIDE OF THE CASE THIS CAN BE FROM THE SIDES IF THE BOTTOM OF THE CASE IS NOT CLEAR THE EXHAUST IS TYPICALLY AT THE TOP OF THE CASE
ASSURANCE OF ADEQUATE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS AT THE SURFACE OF EACH DEVICE FLOW DIVERSION CAN SEND A BALANCED FLOW TO ALL MAJOR HEAT GENERATING COMPONENTS
CAN BE SINGLE FANS CAN BE DUAL FANS (PUSH - PULL) METHOD TO MAINTAIN VELOCITIES AND OVERCOME PRESSURE DROP LOCAL COOLING MAY ALSO BE REQUIRED CPU FANS POWER SUPPLIES CASE FANS OTHER COOLING COMPONENTS HEAT SINKS LIQUID COOLING DEVICES CAN BE IN THE FORM OF RADIATORS TO COOL CIRCULATING AIR COOLANT FLOW CAN ALSO BE DIRECTED TO MODIFIED HEAT SINKS TO INCREASE LOCAL CONDUCTION COOLING
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ADVANTAGES OF LIQUID COOLING INCLUDE REDUCED NOISE IF THE FAN IS REDUCED IN POWER OR SIZE COOLANT CAN BE REFRIGERANT OR CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM HIGHEST EFFICIENCY WHEN PHASE CHANGE HEAT TRANSFER IS USED
http://www.wakefield.com/ PDF/liquid_cold_plates.pdf
IMMERSION COOLING
IS OBTAINED BY PUTTING THE COMPONENTS IN A CONTAINER CONTAINING A DIELECTRIC FLUID TYPICAL DESIGNS ARE BASED ON THOSE USED FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS
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HEAT PIPES HEAT PIPES ARE FILLED SYSTEMS THAT USE CHANGE OF PHASE HEAT TRANSFER THE HEAT VAPORIZES THE CHEMICAL IN THE SYSTEM AT THE HEATING END OF THE PIPE THE VAPOR IS CONDENSED AT THE COOLING END OF THE PIPE
THERMOELECTRIC COOLERS
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE PELTIER EFFECT TO COOL IN WHICH CONDUCTING A DC CURRENT ACROSS TWO DISSIMILAR MATERIALS CAUSES A TEMPERATURE CHANGE
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THERMOELECTRIC COOLING
http://www.melcor.com/images/cut away.jpg
http://www.sureelectronics.net/DC,IC%20chips /DC-CL001-1.jpg