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Content Based Chemical Engineering

Fire Vent - HELP!

FIRE VENTING & THERMAL EXPANSION REQUIREMENTS

REFERENCES: NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code & API PRACTICE 520, CHEMICAL PROCESS SAFETY: FUNDAMENTALS with APPLICATIONS, Prentice Hall International Series in the Physical and Chemical Engineering Sciences Always begin a new case by retrieving the original file. Direct entry of data in cells that originally contain table lookups could cause functions to be lost, or incorrect calculations. I format cells requiring entry colored RED; calculated values are black. Enter identification at [C4] Select the case as appropriate. Enter the venting pressures at appropriate cells. This is 121% of the MAP for API and ASME tanks and 2.5-psi maximum for UL-142 tanks. The fluid evaporation or expansion rates are reflected to size relief valves, rupture disks, vent lines, etc For fluids with UNKNOWN latent heats, the NFPA Handbook recommends sizing based on hexane's properties. For these fluids the Hexane vent rate is given in the liquid spreadsheet. The wetted area of the tanks are calculated on the basis of 55 percent of the total exposed area of a sphere or spheroid, 75 percent of the total exposed area of a horizontal tank, 100 percent of the exposed shell and floor area of a rectangular tank, but excluding the top surface of the tank, and the first 30 ft (9 m) above grade of the exposed shell area of a vertical tank. Print out using direct Excel commands. This application is provided by Chemical Engineers Resource Website, visit @ cheresources.com for additional selections. Print out using direct EXCEL commands.

NOTE:

1.) 2.) 3.) 4.) 5.)

<<<<<<<< Psafety January 2001, by Don Coffman >>>>>>>>

The originator of these spreadsheet(s) specifically excludes all warranties,

expressed or implied, as to the a c c u r a c y of the data and other information set forth and assumes N O liability for any losses or damage resulting from the u s e of the materials or application of the data. Consistent with G O O D E N G I N E E R I N G P R A C T I C E , the burden rests with the U S E R of these spreadsheets to review A L L calculations, and assumptions. The U S E R I S FULLY RESPONSIBLE for the results or decisions based on calculations. This Spreadsheet Requires M A C R O S to be E N A B L E D to A S S U R E proper operation. See the Workbook Help Sheet for Additional Instructions on Use. [email protected]

fire vent

Psafety January 2001

04/17/04

Venting Of Liquid Filled Vessels - Fire Exposure

TANK: Bulk Alcohol Storage Tank #26 CASE:
Horizontal Tank

Calculation Basis : 75% (shell + ends) Venting Pressure = 0.9 psi = 6205.27 Pa Length = 20.00 ft. or 6.10 meter Diameter = 20.00 ft. or 6.10 meter

Fluid = Alcohol, Isopropyl, (CH3)2CHOH Boiling Point = 179.6 temp, F = 82.0 temp, C Latent Heat = 234.0 Btu/lb = 544284 J/kg MW = 60.10 mol. weight 131.3385 meter
2

A=

1413.7

ft , or

Q = 963,400 A^0.338 = 11184823 Btu/hr, or 11800660 kJ/hr W= = = Q/L 47,798 77,672

lb/hr, or lb/hr, or

6.022502 kg/sec 9.786565 kg/sec ( using hexane sizing basis )

Orifice Calc CFH =

NFPA Calc CFH = 70.5 .

Q L. M

60.

W M 4.5. 29

CFH = 442,704 = 12,536

scfh air Nm /h air

3

CFH = 434,675 = 12,309

scfh air Nm /h air

3

For Liquids using the Hexane Sizing Basis:

W = 589,899 = 16,704 SCFH air ( based on hexane ) Nm /h air
3

fire vent

Psafety January 2001

04/17/04

Relief - Unwetted Vessel Surface - Fire Exposure

TANK: Air Receiver - Relief Rate Based on External Heat CASE: Height = = Diameter = = Wall Temp = = Set Pressure = =

Flat Bottom Tank on Grade

5.80 1.768 2.00 0.610 1100.0 593.3 200 13.79

Calc Basis : shell (to 30 ft elevation)

ft. or 70 in. Fluid = AIR meter Gas Norm Temp = 90.0 Tn, F ft. or 24 in. = 32.2 Tn, C meter Gas Norm Pressure = 120.0 Pn, psig Tw, F = 13.79 Pn, bar ga Tw, C C = 356.94 Gas Constant Discharge Coefficient = 0.953 KD P, psi P, bar ga Relieving Pressure = 256.70 psia, or 17.70 bar ga

Exposed Vessel Surface Area A' = 36.4 ft , or

2

3.385615 meter

Safety Valve Factor (minimum = 0.01) F' =

0.1406 ( T w T 1) 0.6506 C K D T1

1.25

F' =

0.0100

Gas Temperature @ Relieving Pressure, deg. R T 1 = P1 * T n / Pn T 1 = 1048.14

Relief Area Required A = F' * A' / P1

0.5

A = 0.023 sq. in, or 14.674 sq. mm

Relief Volume Required W= 360 lb/hr -- or -W = 0.045395 kg/sec

fire vent

Psafety January 2001

04/17/04

Relief - Hydraulic Expansion - Liquid Filled

Service: Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger - Water Trapped, Steam Heated FLUID = Heat Input, H = = WATER 510,000 538,081 Btu/Hr. kJ/hr G= 1.00 specific gravity Cp = 1.00 specific heat = 0.000115 cubical expansion coefficient

the volumetric expansion rate is given as..... Q = * H / (500 * G * Cp) = 0.12 gpm, or 0.444 liter/min

fire vent

Psafety January 2001

Drop-Down Calculation Information

Case Horizontal Tank Spherical Tank Vertical Tank on Legs 1413.7 Selection Area Calc Calculation Basis Measure 1256.6 1413.7 691.2 1570.8 Selected 75% (shell + ends) Length = shell (to 30 ft elevation) eight = H 75% (shell + ends) 55% shell shell (to 30 ft elevation) + bottom Height = Length = Flat Bottom Tank on Grade Horizontal Tank

NFPA calc table

Area 0 20 200 1000 2800 Q, Rate 400000 28274334 12095182 11184823 14090000 Equation Basis 400,000 20,000 A 199,300 A^0.566 963,400 A^0.338 21,000 A^0.82

Trouton's Rule
Calculation Boiling Point : MW : L, BTU/lb : 282.2 412.15 249.24 65.5 F K mol. weight latent heat

NAME
Acetaldehyde, C2H4O Acetic Acid, CH3COOH Acetone, C3H60 Alcohol, Allyl, C3H6O Alcohol, Amyl, C5H12O Alcohol, Ethanol, SDA-23A 200 Proof Alcohol, Ethanol, SDA-40-2 190 Proof Alcohol, Ethanol, SDA-40-2 200 Proof Alcohol, Ethanol, SDA-40B 190 Proof Alcohol, Ethyl, C2H6O Alcohol, iso-Butyl, C4H10O Alcohol, Isopropyl, (CH3)2CHOH Alcohol, Methyl, CH4O Alkyl Bromide, C12H25Br Aniline, C6H5NH2 Benzene, C6H6 Butyric Acid, C4H8O2 Carbon Disulfide, CS 2 Decane, C10H22 Diamine, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanamine Dimethylamine, C2H7N Epichlorohydrin, C3H5ClO Ethyl Acetate, C4H8O2 Fatty Alcohol, Neodol 23 Fuel Oil No.1 Fuel Oil No.2 Fuel Oil No.4 Fuel Oil No.5 Fuel Oil No.6 Gasoline (Regular Grade) Glycol, Diethylene, C4H10O3 Glycol, Dipropylene C6H14O3 Glycol, Ethylene, C2H6O2 Glycol, Propylene C3H8O2 Glycol, Tetraethylene, C8H18O5 Glycol, Triethylene, C6H14O4 Glycol, Tripropylene C9H20O4 Hexane, C6H14 Maleic Anhydride, C4H2O3 Methyl Acetate, C3H6O2 MultiTherm 100, Flushing Fluid MultiTherm 503, Heat Transfer Fluid MultiTherm IG-2, Heat Transfer Fluid MultiTherm Paratherm, HE Heat Xfer Fluid MultiTherm Paratherm, NF Heat Xfer Fluid MultiTherm PG-1, Heat Transfer Fluid Naphthalene, C10H8 Propyl Alcohol, C2H7OH Sulfur, S Toluene, C7H8 Turpentine Vinyl Acetate,C4H6O2 Water, H2O Xylene, C8H10

MW
44.05 60.05 58.08 58.08 88.15 46.069 46.069 46.069 46.069 46.069 74.12 60.1 32.04 249.24 93.12 78.11 88.11 76.13 142.29 142.2 45.08 92.53 88.11 194 -----96 106.1 134.2 62.1 76.1 194.2 150.2 192.8 86.17 98.05 74.08 242 272 440 443 350 350 128.06 60.09 32.06 92.13 -86.09 18.015 106.168

F, B.P. L, BTU/lb
43.6 244.6 128 85.9 244 165 176.82 172.9 176 172.4 224.6 179.6 150.8 282.2 363 176.3 122.8 115.3 346 471 44.4 239 168.8 500 300+ 300+ 300+ 300+ 300+ 158 473.8 450 387 369.3 618.1 550 509.2 158 387 63.7 550 570 780 779 650 555 424.2 86.2 279.2 230.5 309.2 161.6 212 288 251 174 239 296 176 298.3 304 302.1 303.56 369 203 234 474 65.5 198 169.4 205.2 150.8 110 144 250 166.12 157 110.4 70.19 75.68 79.76 84.92 88.45 142 393 257 449 379 273 270 200 144 190 155 91.8 106 85 62 70 92 135.7 299 651.6 150.3 133.3 159.2 970.3 147

fire vent

Psafety January 2001

Drop-Down Calculation Information

Case Selection Area Calc Calculation Basis Measure Flat Bottom Tank on Grade Bottom Tank on Grade36.4 Flat shell (to 30 ft elevation)Height = Horizontal Tank 32.0 75% (shell + ends) Length = Spherical Tank 6.9 55% shell Vertical Tank on Legs 39.6 shell (to 30 ft elevation) Height = + bottom Selected 36.4 shell (to 30 ft elevation) Height =

Gas
AIR AMMONIA ARGON BENZENE BUTANE CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON MONOXIDE CHLORINE CYCLOHEXANE ETHANE ETHYL ALCOHOL ETHYLENE FREON 11 FREON 114a FREON 12 FREON 22 HELIUM HEPTANE HEXANE HYDROCHLORIC ACID HYDROGEN HYDROGEN BROMIDE HYDROGEN SULPHIDE ISOPENTANE METHYL ALCOHOL METHYL CHLORIDE NATURAL GAS NITROGEN NITROUS OXIDE OCTANE OXYGEN PENTANE PROPANE SULPHUR DIOXIDE TOLUENE

Formula
NH3 A C6H6 C4H10 CO2 CO CL2 C6H12 C2H6 C2H5OH C2H4 F-11 F-12 F-22 F-114a He C7H16 C6H14 HCl H2 HBr H2S C5H12 CH3OH CH3Cl typical N2 N2O C8H18 O2 C5H12 C3H8 SO2 C6H5CH3

C
356.9 347.9 377.9 328.7 326.1 347.4 356.4 352.0 324.6 339.2 330.0 342.7 327.8 324.6 330.0 333.1 377.1 321.4 324.6 356.9 356.9 357.8 348.8 324.1 337.5 337.2 344.1 356.4 347.3 320.7 356.1 322.3 332.1 346.0 325.7 Area 0 20 200 1000 2800

NFPA calc table

Q, Rate 400000 728849.5 1525377.5 3248105.3 400624.72 Equation Basis 400,000 20,000 A 199,300 A^0.566 963,400 A^0.338 21,000 A^0.82

Calculation of Coefficient C based on the following:

C := 520 k
k 1.29

2 k + 1

k+ 1 k1

C 346

fire vent

Psafety January 2001

Liquid
ACETIC ACID AMMONIA 100% AMMONIA 26% BENZENE CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DISULFIDE ETHANOL 100% ETHYLENE GLYCOL FORMIC ACID FREON, CCL2F2 FUEL OIL #2 FUEL OIL #6 GASOLINE GLYCERIN HYDROCHLORIC 31.5% METHANOL 100% METHYL ACETATE METHYL FORMATE RAPESEED OIL SULPHUR DIOXIDE SULPHURIC ACID 98% TOLUENE TURPENTINE VEGETABLE OIL WATER ?

sp. gr. 1.050 0.770 0.905 0.844 1.102 1.290 0.789 1.117 1.230 1.547 0.876 0.993 0.751 1.260 1.159 0.796 0.910 1.434 1.830 0.870 0.864 0.920 1.000 ?

sp. heat 0.450 1.107 1.000 0.410 0.440 0.280 0.600 0.569 0.211 0.440 0.400 0.530 0.584 0.600 0.650

0.001071 0.001360 0.001360 0.001240 0.007780 0.001218 0.001120 0.000638 0.001025 0.001460

0.325 0.350 0.420 1.000

0.000510 0.000455 0.001200 0.001427 0.001563 0.000500 0.001080 0.000450 0.001099 0.000970 0.000721 0.000115

fire vent

Psafety January 2001