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Fuzzy Inference Systems: Fuzzy Logic and Approximate Reasoning

This document discusses fuzzy inference systems and fuzzy logic modeling. It introduces Mamdani and Sugeno fuzzy models. Mamdani models use fuzzy rules with fuzzy outputs while Sugeno models use fuzzy rules with crisp outputs. The document also describes common components of a fuzzy inference system including fuzzification, a rule base, inference engine, and defuzzification methods. Examples of first and zero order Sugeno models are provided.

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53 views

Fuzzy Inference Systems: Fuzzy Logic and Approximate Reasoning

This document discusses fuzzy inference systems and fuzzy logic modeling. It introduces Mamdani and Sugeno fuzzy models. Mamdani models use fuzzy rules with fuzzy outputs while Sugeno models use fuzzy rules with crisp outputs. The document also describes common components of a fuzzy inference system including fuzzification, a rule base, inference engine, and defuzzification methods. Examples of first and zero order Sugeno models are provided.

Uploaded by

hung710288
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fuzzy Inference Systems

Dr. Ngo Thanh Long


Department of Information Systems,
Faculty of Information Technology
Email: [email protected]
Fuzzy Logic and Approximate Reasoning
Outline
Introduction
Mamdani Fuzzy models
Sugeno Fuzzy Models
Introduction
Fuzzy inference is a computer paradigm
based on fuzzy set theory, fuzzy if-then-rules
and fuzzy reasoning
Applications: data classification, decision
analysis, expert systems, times series
predictions, robotics & pattern recognition
Different names; fuzzy rule-based system, fuzzy
model, fuzzy associative memory, fuzzy logic
controller & fuzzy system
Introduction
Structure
Rule base selects the set of fuzzy rules
Database (or dictionary) defines the membership
functions used in the fuzzy rules
A reasoning mechanism performs the inference
procedure (derive a conclusion from facts & rules!)
Defuzzification: extraction of a crisp value that best
represents a fuzzy set
Need: it is necessary to have a crisp output in some
situations where an inference system is used as a
controller
Fuzzy Inference System
Rules
Fuzzy rule base: collection of IF-THEN rules.
The l
th
rule has form:


Where l = 1,..,M; F
i
l
, G
l
: fuzzy sets.

Example

Generate Rules
Expert Knowledge.
Data
Extraction Rules from Data
Divide the input/output space into fuzzy
regions (2N+1).

Extraction Rules from Data
Generate fuzzy rules: x1(i), x2(i), and y(i)
maximum degree of membership
R1: if x1 is B1 and x2 is CE, then y is B1
Assign a degree to each rule

Create a combined FAM bank
If there is more than one rule in any cell, then
the rule with the maximum degree is used

Fuzzification & Inference Engine
Defuzzification
It refers to the way a crisp value is extracted from a fuzzy set as a
representative value

There are five methods of defuzzifying a fuzzy set A of a
universe of discourse Z

Centroid of area z
COA
Bisector of area z
BOA
Mean of maximum z
MOM
Smallest of maximum z
SOM
Largest of maximum z
LOM


Defuzzification
Centroid of area zCOA


where A(z) is the aggregated output MF.
Bisector of area zBOA this operator satisfies the
following;



where o = min {z; z eZ} & | = max {z; z eZ}.
The vertical line z = zBOA partitions the region
between z = o, z = |, y = 0 & y = A(z) into two
regions
,
dz ) z (
zdz ) z (
z
Z
A
Z
A
COA
}
}

=
} }
o
|
=
BOA
z
BOA
z
A A
, dz ) z ( dz ) z (
Defuzzification
Mean of maximum zMOM
This operator computes the average of the maximizing z at

which the MF reaches a maximum . It is expressed by :







-

} ) z ( ; z { Z' where
,
dz
zdz
z
A
' Z
' Z
MOM
-
= =
=
}
}
| |
2
z z
z then z , z ) z ( max if : However
z z then
z z at maximum single a has ) z ( if : definition By
2 1
MOM 2 1 A
z
MOM
A
+
= =
=
=
-
-
Defuzzification
Various defuzzification schemes for obtaining a crisp output
Smallest of maximum zSOM
Amongst all z that belong to [z1, z2], the smallest is called zSOM
Largest of maximum zLOM
Amongst all z that belong to [z1, z2], the largest value is called
zLOM
Example
Example
Example
Example
Sugeno Fuzzy Models
Goal: Generation of fuzzy rules from a given input-
output data set
A TSK fuzzy rule is of the form:
If x is A & y is B then z = f(x, y)
Where A & B are fuzzy sets in the antecedent, while z =
f(x, y) is a crisp function in the consequent
f(.,.) is very often a polynomial function x & y

Sugeno Fuzzy Models
If f(.,.) is a first order polynomial, then the resulting fuzzy
inference is called a first order Sugeno fuzzy model

If f(.,.) is a constant then it is a zero-order Sugeno fuzzy
model (special case of Mamdani model)

Case of two rules with a first-order Sugeno fuzzy model
Each rule has a crisp output
Overall output is obtained via weighted average
No defuzzyfication required

Sugeno Fuzzy Models
Example 1
Single output-input Sugeno fuzzy model with three
rules

If X is small then Y = 0.1X + 6.4
If X is medium then Y = -0.5X + 4
If X is large then Y = X 2

If small, medium & large are nonfuzzy sets
then the overall input-output curve is a piece
wise linear

Example 1
Example 1
However, if we have smooth membership functions
(fuzzy rules) the overall input-output curve becomes
a smoother one

Example 2
Two-input single output fuzzy model with 4 rules

R
1
: if X is small & Y is small then z = -x +y +1
R
2
: if X is small & Y is large then z = -y +3
R
3
: if X is large & Y is small then z = -x +3
R
4
: if X is large & Y is large then z = x + y + 2

R
1
(x . s) & (y . s) w
1
R
2
(x . s) & (y . l) w
2
R
3
(x . l) & (y . s) w
3
R
4
(x . l) & (y . l) w
4

Aggregated consequent F[(w
1
, z
1
); (w
2
, z
2
); (w
3
, z
3
);(w
4
, z
4
)]

= weighted average

Example 2
Tsukamoto fuzzy model
Tsukamoto fuzzy model
single-input Tsukamoto fuzzy model
with 3 rules
if X is small then Y is C
1
if X is medium then Y is C
2
if X is large then Y is C
3

Tsukamoto fuzzy model

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